轮作与施肥对滁菊连作土壤微生物特性的影响

为探讨轮作模式与生物有机肥施用对滁菊连作土壤微生物特性的影响,以滁菊、小麦为研究对象,采用田间试验,设置滁菊连作模式、常规滁菊小麦轮作模式和滁菊小麦轮作模式配施生物有机肥(200 kg·667 m-2)3种处理,测定土壤化学性状、土壤微生物量碳氮和土壤微生物数量指标.结果表明:与连作模式相比,常规菊麦轮作模式与菊麦轮作配施生物有机肥模式的土壤pH值,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷与速效钾含量,土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)、碳(MBC)、微生物熵,以及土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量增加,土壤MBC/MBN值和真菌占三大菌群总量的比值降低.在试验条件下,以滁菊小麦轮作配施200 kg·667 m-2生物有机肥效果最佳,土壤有机质含量为15.62 g·kg-1,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别达到为64.75、83.26和96.72 mg·kg-1,微生物生物量氮、碳为217.40和38.41 mg · kg-1,细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别为22.31×106、56.36×103、15.90×105 cfu·g-1.合理轮作和增施生物有机肥可改善土壤酸化状况、土壤肥力和土壤微生物群落结构,增加土壤养分有效供给,对减轻连作障碍具有积极作用.     

Proteomic analysis of plasma from rats following total parenteral nutrition‐induced liver injury

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is provided as the primary nitrogen source to manage patients with intestinal failure who were not able to sustain themselves on enteral feeds. The most common complication of long‐term TPN use is hepatitis. A proteomic approach was used to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in the plasma of rats following TPN‐related acute liver injury. Six male rats were randomly assigned to either the saline infusion control group or the TPN infusion group. Our results demonstrate that TPN infusion in rats resulted in hepatic dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis. Five proteins that were differentially expressed between TPN infusion and normal rats were determined and validated in vivo. Fascinatingly, the proteomic differential displays, downregulated proteins included peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), alpha‐1‐antiproteinase (A1AT), and fibrinogen gamma chain (FIBG), which were involved in oxidative stress, inflammatory respondence and cells apoptosis. After TPN infusion, two protein spots showed increased expression, namely, the glucagon receptor (GLR) protein and apolipoprotein A‐1 (APOA1), which may mediate the effects of TPN administration on glycogen and lipid metabolism. In this study, proteomic analysis suggested TPN‐related acute liver injury could be involved in limiting cellular protection mechanisms against oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis. On the basis of the results, we also give molecular evidences replying TPN‐related hepatitis.     

全髋和半髋置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床对比分析

目的:探讨全髋和半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择本院收治的70例老年股骨颈骨折患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各35例,观察组给予全髋关节置换术,对照组予以半髋关节置换术,对比两组所用手术时间、术中出血量、术后Harris评分及髋关节功能、术后并发症、疼痛率及翻修率。结果:观察组手术时间为(113.6±19.3)min,术中出血量为(432.1±32.7)ml,均显著高于对照组的(73.1±10.2)min、(201.3±30.1)m L,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组髋关节功能总优良率、Harris评分分别为91.43%,(91.13±5.09)分,显著优于对照组的77.14%、(80.15±4.71)分,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率及翻修率分别为20.00%、0.00%,低于对照组的22.85%、5.71%,但差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组疼痛率为5.71%,显著低于对照组的25.71%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种术式对股骨颈骨折的老年患者均能起到有效的治疗,均有各自的优缺点,对疼痛较为敏感和活动较多的老年患者而言,宜采用全髋关节置换术。     

基于分位数回归模型的卫生总费用影响因素研究

目的:利用分位数回归模型对近十年来陕西省卫生总费用增长的影响因素进行研究,从而为卫生行政部门配置卫生总费用以及制定卫生政策提供依据。方法:首先根据已往文献研究以及陕西地区实际情况,挑选出2003-2014年间可能影响陕西省卫生总费用的因素,然后利用逐步回归法检验自变量间的共线性,并对解释变量进行筛选,最后利用R软件对陕西省卫生总费用及其影响因素建立分位数回归模型,确定影响卫生总费用的因素。结果:陕西省国内生产总值(GDP)在10%-90%分位点上的系数检验结果均有统计学意义,且所有分位点的回归系数均为正值。结论:国内生产总值是影响陕西省卫生总费用的主要因素,其与卫生总费用的变化呈正相关,国内生产总值的增长促进了陕西省卫生总费用的增长。     

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀对老年冠心病患者疗效及安全性观察

目的:探讨不同剂量的瑞舒伐他汀对老年冠心病患者的疗效及安全性的影响。方法:抽取2012年6月至2013年6月于我院住院行冠脉造影检查示冠状动脉临界病变,诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患者210例(≥75岁),随机分为甲组,乙组,对甲组给予10 mg/d的瑞舒伐他汀药物口服治疗,乙组给予20 mg/d的瑞舒伐他汀药物口服治疗,其它协同药物服用方法均采集。收集患者开始服用瑞舒伐他汀药物前及服用后1月、6月、12月的血生化指标及颈动脉彩超结果,包括低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol,LDL-C),总胆固醇(Total Cholesterol,TC),甘油三脂(Triglyceride,TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol,HDL-C),超敏C反应蛋白(High Sensitivity C Reactive Protein,hs-CRP),颈动脉内-中膜厚度(Intima-media thickness,IMT),谷丙转氨酶(Alanine-Aminotransferase,ALT),观察这些指标服药前后变化的情况。结果:瑞舒伐他汀药物治疗1月、6月、12月后两组患者指标相比较,乙组患者较甲组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IMT降低更明显,而HDL-C升高水平则明显高于甲组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者之间血生化指标ALT及药物治疗期间发生瑞舒伐他汀相关严重不良反应例数,无明显差别(P>0.05)。两组均无因心脏不良事件(MACE事件)而终止实验的患者。结论:对于老年冠心病患者,瑞舒伐他汀药物治疗可以获益,高强度的瑞舒伐他汀药物获益更显著,并且是安全的。     

人工关节置换术后静脉血栓预防性治疗指南的新进展

目的:综述目前对人工关节置换术后静脉血栓形成预防性治疗的最新观点。方法:通过网络检索CNKI和Pub Med数据库等关于人工关节置换术后预防性治疗静脉血栓形成的文章,在标题和摘要中主要以"total joint arthroplasty;venous thromboembolism;prophylaxis"为关键词。结果:三份权威临床指南(ACCP、AAOS、NICE)最近均有更新;更新后的三者都认为人工关节置换术后对静脉血栓形成的预防性治疗是必要的;都建议对静脉血栓形成高危患者进行药物结合机械的综合预防措施;认为单独的机械预防同低分子肝素一样有效;都肯定了新口服抗凝药物及fondaparinux的临床疗效;在不推荐对无临床症状的患者行超声检查、不推荐预防性放置下腔静脉滤网问题上达成了部分共识;但在最合适的药物治疗方案选择、开始治疗的时间、治疗的持续时间及抗血小板药物的地位问题上存在争议,甚至意见完全相左。结论:目前的指南虽然部分意见尚不统一,但基本原则已达成共识。     

Energy response and fatty acid metabolism in Onychostoma macrolepis exposed to low-temperature stress

Temperature is a key environmental factor, and understanding how its fluctuations affect physiological and metabolic processes is critical for fish. The present study characterizes the energy response and fatty acid metabolism in Onychostoma macrolepis exposed to low temperature (10 °C). The results demonstrated that cold stress remarkably disrupted the energy homeostasis of O. macrolepis, then the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could strategically mobilize carbohydrates and lipids. In particular, when the O. macrolepis were faced with cold stress, the lipolysis was stimulated along with the enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation for energy, while the fatty acid synthesis was supressed in the early stage. Additionally, the fatty acid composition analysis suggested that saturated fatty acid (SFA) might accumulate while monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in storage lipids (mainly containing non-polar lipid, NPL) could be utilized to supply energy during cold acclimation. Altogether, this study may provide some meritorious for understanding the cold-tolerant mechanism of fish in the viewpoint of energy balance combined with fatty acid metabolism, and thus to contribute to this species rearing in fish farms in the future.     

一株高蛋白含量小球藻TX的分离鉴定及其诱变育种

【背景】小球藻由于蛋白含量高、营养丰富,在水产养殖上可直接作为鱼、虾、贝类的优质饵料。【目的】对从养殖环境中分离的小球藻进行诱变,选育生长快、蛋白含量高的突变株,为水产养殖天然饵料生产提供优良藻种资源。【方法】以从养殖环境中筛选的生长相对较快且蛋白含量较高的TX作为出发藻株,对该藻株进行分子鉴定,并对该藻株进行紫外诱变、甲基磺酸乙脂(ethyl methyl sulfonate,EMS)诱变和复合诱变,采用96孔板高通量筛选技术和递进式重复筛选方法选育高生物量、高蛋白突变株。【结果】经18SrRNA基因序列分析,TX鉴定为Chlorella sorokiniana,从540个可能的突变株中筛选到8个遗传稳定且生长较快的突变株,其中H10的总蛋白含量达64.2%,可溶性蛋白含量达0.44g/L,干重达0.72g/L,分别较出发藻株提高3.4%、15.8%和26.2%。【结论】突变株H10蛋白含量高且生长较快,可用于天然饵料生产。     

连续性被动运动训练对老年全膝关节置换术后下肢运动功能及炎症因子水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨连续性被动运动训练（CPM）对老年全膝关节置换术（TKA）后下肢运动功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法：82例老年TKA患者随机分为对照组（41例）和观察组（41例）。对照组采用常规康复措施,观察组在对照组基础上采用CPM治疗。于训练前1d,训练后第1d、3d、7d及14d记录两组患者肿胀程度和膝关节功能（HSS）功能评分。采用应用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测患者训练前后血清白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。随访100d,记录两组患者不良反应发生情况,并采用Kaplan-Meier法评价患者首次独立活动情况。结果：训练后第3d,观察组患者肿胀程度明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,而两组HSS功能评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;训练后第7d及14 d,观察组患者肿胀程度明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,而HSS功能评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。训练后3d、7d及14d,观察组患者血清IL-6、IL-1β及TNF-α表达水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组患者并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier法分析发现观察组首次独立活动平均时间69d,短于对照组82.5d,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：CPM对改善老年患者肿胀程度和膝关节功能有明显优势,并有助于减少并发症的发生,其机制可能与降低患者炎症反应有关。     

Spatial variability in the amount of forest litter at the local scale in northeastern China: Kriging and cokriging approaches to interpolation

Litter is essential to promote nutrient cycling and maintain the sustainability of forest resources. However, its variability has not been sufficiently studied at the local scale. The prediction of litter amount using ordinary cokriging with Pearson correlation analysis (COK_P) and ordinary cokriging with principal component analysis (COK_PCA) was compared with that using ordinary kriging (OK) based on cross‐validation at the local scale of a 1‐ha plot over natural spruce–fir mixed forest in Jilin Province, China. Litter samples in semidecomposed (F) and complete decomposed (H) horizons were collected using an equidistant grid point sampling of 10 m × 10 m. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to confirm auxiliary variables. The results showed that the amount of litter was 19.65 t/ha in the F horizon and 10.37 t/ha in the H horizon. The spatial structure variance ratio in the H horizon was smaller than that in the F horizon, indicative of its stronger spatial autocorrelation. Spatial distributions of litter amount in both horizons exhibited a patchy and heterogeneous pattern. Of the selected stand characteristics and litter properties, litter moisture content indicated the strongest relationship with litter amount. Cross‐validation revealed that COK_PCA using the comprehensive score as an auxiliary variable produced the most accurate map. The average standard error and root‐mean‐square error between the predicted and measured values were always smaller, the mean error and mean standardized error were much closer to 0, and the root‐mean‐square standardized error was closer to 1 than COK_P using litter moisture and OK. Therefore, a clear advantage of cokriging based on principal component analysis was observed and COK_PCA was found to be a very useful approach for further interpolation prediction.