颊粘膜癌与舌癌差异基因表达的对比分析

目的:研究颊粘膜癌(Buccal Mucosa Cancer,BMC)与舌癌(Tongue Cancer,TC)的基因差异表达,探讨BMC与TC发生发展的基因学基础。方法:应用cDNA芯片技术对5例BMC和5例TC组织mRNA检测,通过芯片杂交、生物信息学处理,找出两者间差异表达基因。结果:BioStarH-40芯片发现差异表达基因503条,差异表达基因占12.9%,其中表达增强274条(显著增强69条),表达降低229条(显著降低54条)。结论:MBC与TC基因表达比较,差异有统计学意义,这些差异可能在两类肿瘤不同的生物学行为中起重要作用。     

The inductive role of Wnt-β-Catenin signaling in the formation of oral apparatus

Proper patterning and growth of oral structures including teeth, tongue, and palate rely on epithelial–mesenchymal interactions involving coordinated regulation of signal transduction. Understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning oral–facial development will provide novel insights into the etiology of common congenital defects such as cleft palate. In this study, we report that ablating Wnt signaling in the oral epithelium blocks the formation of palatal rugae, which are a set of specialized ectodermal appendages serving as Shh signaling centers during development and niches for sensory cells and possibly neural crest related stem cells in adults. Lack of rugae is also associated with retarded anteroposterior extension of the hard palate and precocious mid-line fusion. These data implicate an obligatory role for canonical Wnt signaling in rugae development. Based on this complex phenotype, we propose that the sequential addition of rugae and its morphogen Shh, is intrinsically coupled to the elongation of the hard palate, and is critical for modulating the growth orientation of palatal shelves. In addition, we observe a unique cleft palate phenotype at the anterior end of the secondary palate, which is likely caused by the severely underdeveloped primary palate in these mutants. Last but not least, we also discover that both Wnt and Shh signalings are essential for tongue development. We provide genetic evidence that disruption of either signaling pathway results in severe microglossia. Altogether, we demonstrate a dynamic role for Wnt-β-Catenin signaling in the development of the oral apparatus.     

辣椒素对舌鳞癌细胞增殖和凋亡影响的初步研究

目的:研究辣椒素对人舌鳞癌细胞增殖和存活的影响。方法:不同浓度辣椒素处理TSCCA和Tca8113细胞24,48和72h,MTS法检测细胞增殖,Western Blot法检测细胞周期调控和细胞凋亡相关分子的表达。结果:随着辣椒素浓度的增加,p53,p21和p27表达上调,Bcl-2表达未受到明显影响,Bcl-XL和Mcl-1表达抑制,caspase7和PARP剪切体表达上调。结论:辣椒素呈剂量依赖和时间依赖性抑制TSCCA和Tca8113细胞增殖,其机制可能与细胞周期和细胞凋亡相关分子表达的改变相关。     

胃溃疡患者三联疗法治疗前后舌苔菌群的变化

目的观察并分析胃溃疡患者三联疗法治疗前后舌苔菌群的变化,为后续研究提供参考。方法选择2018年1月至2018年12月我院收治的20例GU活动期患者为研究对象,分为GU治疗前组(20例,GU1组,均为黄腻苔)和GU治疗后组(20例,GU2组,均为薄白苔)。选择同期我院体检无异常的健康者20例为正常组(NGT组,均为薄白苔)。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对比分析3组对象舌苔菌群结构及菌属差异。结果与GU1组相比,GU2组与正常组的舌苔相似菌群更多。与GU2组相比,GU1组和正常组舌苔菌群在属水平的各物种丰度较多,同时GU1组与正常组在属水平的各物种群落构成更为相似。BetaNMDS差异分析显示与GU2组相比,GU1组舌苔菌群与正常组的群落构成差异更小,GU1组的各物种群落构成更接近于正常组。在属水平中,与GU2组和正常组相比,GU1组Gammaproteobacteria的丰度明显偏低,而Prevotellaceae、Prevotella-7、Fretibacterium丰度明显偏高(均P0.05)。结论 GU患者经过三联疗法治疗后舌苔菌群构成更接近健康人,但各物种丰富度明显降低,个别菌属生长受到抑制,其可能为不利于GU患者恢复的菌群,但Gammaproteobacteria的生长受到促进,其可能为有利于GU患者恢复的有益菌群。     

c-fos expression in trigeminal spinal nucleus after electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve in the rat

The expression of the immediate early gene, c-fos, was used to determine the distribution of brainstem neurons activated by stimulation of the distal hypoglossal nerve (XIIn) trunk. The traditional view of the XIIn is one of purely motor function; however, stimulation of XIIn excites neurons in the trigeminal spinal nucleus. The rationale for this study was to use c-fos expression as a marker for postsynaptic activity to define the pattern of brainstem neurons excited by XIIn stimulation. It was further hypothesized that if the afferent fibers that course within XIIn supply deep lingual tissues, then c-fos expression after direct stimulation of XIIn should display a pattern similar to that seen after chemical irritant stimulation of the deep tongue muscle. In barbiturate-anesthetized male rats electrical stimulation of XIIn produced a significant increase in Fospositive neurons in the dorsal paratrigeminal nucleus (dPa5) and laminae I-II of caudal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and upper cervical dorsal horn. Mustard oil injection into the deep tongue muscle also produced an increase in c-fos expression in dPa5; however, the highest density of expression occurred in laminae I-II at the dorsomedial aspect of rostral Vc. Both electrical stimulation of XIIn and mustard oil stimulation of the deep tongue increased c-fos expression in the caudal ventrolateral medulla, an autonomic relay nucleus. These results suggest that one site of innervation for afferent fibers that travel within the distal trunk of XIIn is to supply the deep tongue muscle and to terminate in the dPa5. A second group of postsynaptic neurons activated only by XIIn stimulation was located in lamina I-II in caudal portions of Vc and upper cervical dorsal horn, a laminar distribution consistent with a role for XIIn afferents in sensory or autonomic aspects of lingual function.     

Capsaicin receptors are colocalized with sweet/bitter receptors in the taste sensing cells of circumvallate papillae

We examined co-localization of vanilloid receptor (VR1) with sweet receptors T1R2, T1R3, or bitter receptor T2R6 in taste receptor cells of rat circumvallate papillae. Tissue sections of rat circumvallate papillae were doubly reacted with anti-VR1 antibodies and anti-T1R2, anti-T1R3 or anti-T2R6 antibodies, using double-immunofluorescence histochemistry technique. Localizations of VR1, T1Rs and T2R6 in the vallate taste cells containing α-gustducin were also examined. VR1 immunoreactivities (-ir) were observed in subsets of taste cells in the circumvallate papillae, and 96–99% of the vallate taste cells exhibiting T1R2-, T1R3- or T2R6-ir co-exhibited VR1-ir. Approximately half of T2R6-ir cells (~49%), and 50–58% of T1Rs-ir cells, co-exhibited α-gustducin-ir in the vallate taste buds. About 58% of VR1-ir cells in the vallate exhibited α-gustducin-ir as well. Results support the idea that capsaicin may interact with the transduction pathways of sweet and bitter taste stimuli, possibly in mediation of its receptor VR1 localized in taste receptor cells. Additionally, the partial co-localization of α-gustducin with VR1 suggests that a tentative modulatory function of capsaicin in sweet and bitter transductions in the rat circumvallate comprises of both α-gustducin-mediated and non-mediated transduction pathways.     

The effects of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on culturable microorganisms of the tongue and saliva

A randomized and cross-over design clinical study with normal adult volunteers examined the effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse and a control rinse on a range of microflora including those implicated in halitosis on the tongue and saliva. Saliva and tongue scrapings were collected from 13 subjects prior to treatments with additional samples collected at 3 h post-treatment cultured on media to enumerate anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, odorigenic bacteria producing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oral bacteria with proteolytic activity. In comparison to the control, rinsing with CHX demonstrated statistically significant reductions that ranged from 81-90% for tongue microflora with a 89-95% decrease noted on salivary flora (p<0.05). The effects of CHX on anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are in accord with those noted on odorigenic bacteria producing H2S or proteolytic activity. These results help to explain previous clinical results on the malodor efficacy of CHX and highlight microbiological approaches for bacteria implicated in malodor.     

舌压抗阻反馈训练联合吞咽功能训练对甲状腺癌根治术后吞咽功能障碍患者的影响研究

摘要 目的：观察吞咽功能训练与舌压抗阻反馈训练联合应用对甲状腺癌根治术后吞咽功能障碍患者的影响。方法：选取2020年6月~2022年1月期间来湖南中医药大学第一附属医院接受诊治的100例甲状腺癌根治术后吞咽功能障碍患者,根据随机数字表法分为研究组（接受舌压抗阻反馈训练联合吞咽功能训练干预,n=50）、对照组（接受吞咽功能训练干预,n=50）。观察两组疗效、表面肌电图相关指标、吞咽障碍相关评分及并发症。结果：与对照组比较,研究组的临床总有效率较高（P<0.05）,并发症发生率较低（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,两组洼田饮水试验（WST）评分下降,吞咽功能（VFSS）、吞咽障碍特异性生活质量量表（SWAL-QOL）评分升高,研究组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。干预1个月后,两组吞咽时程缩短,最大波幅值升高,研究组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：甲状腺癌根治术后吞咽功能障碍患者采用吞咽功能训练与舌压抗阻反馈训练联合干预,可缓解临床症状,提高治疗效果,降低并发症发生率。     

Geometrical resolution limits and detection mechanisms in the oral cavity

The objective of this work is to gain more insight into the processes of oral perception of food texture. Particularly, the limits for detectable thickness differences of objects, which are evaluated in the human mouth, are investigated. In a sensory study small, flexible circular disks (diameter in mm range) of varying thickness (in microm range) and material properties are evaluated between tongue and palate in human subjects. The thicker sample is identified in pair comparison tests. Experimental evidence suggests the existence of one detection process (attempt to align tongue and palate and the disk between them) to which the tongue-palate system reacts in two different ways: (1) by bending the disk (thickness below 125 microm, Young's modulus of 480 MPa) and (2) by impressing the disk into the tongue (thickness above approximately 200 microm, Young's modulus of 480 MPa), whereas the first reaction is necessarily followed by the second if the first one fails. For both ranges, differences in thickness of 25 microm can be detected. The two reaction processes cover isolated ranges and leave an insecure detection range in between them, for which neither one of the processes applies. Since deformation and load distribution on the disk are supposed to play a major role in the first detection process (the loads exerted on the disk in order to bend it are compared), we formulate a mathematical model to quantify these mechanical effects. The model is employed to identify parameter constellations (thickness, material properties) for which the insecure range is omitted or the range is enlarged. Theoretical findings are confirmed by further experiments. Their results are consistent with the characteristics and functioning of the mechanoreceptors in-mouth.