宫腔镜手术对剖宫产瘢痕缺陷所致月经异常患者的临床疗效观察

目的:研究宫腔镜手术(hysteroscope operation,HO)对剖宫产瘢痕缺陷(Cesarean scar defect,CSD)所致月经异常(abnormal menstruation,AM)病患的临床疗效。方法:选择我院2009年7月-2013年7月收治的200例CSD所致AM病患进行观察,以数字法随机分2组。观察组(100例)给予HO治疗,对照组(100例)实施保守疗法。比较两组病患月经持续时间,月经流血量以及疗效情况。结果:观察组月经持续时间为(6.65±1.18)d,月经流血量为(63.24±10.49)mL,较对照组的(8.63±1.08)d,(81.62±11.52)ml,明显更低;观察组显效率为72.00%(72/100),总有效率为90.00%(90/100);较对照组的51.00%(51/100),74.00%(74/100),明显更高;差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:HO治疗CSD所致AM病患疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

保乳手术治疗92例早期乳腺癌的临床疗效观察

目的：观察保留乳房手术治疗早期乳腺癌的临床治疗效果及其安全性。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年5月-2010年5月间收治的92例行保乳手术的早期乳腺癌患者的,临床资料,观察实施保乳手术并综合后的治疗疗效和患者生活质量变化。结果：全部患者均顺利接受手术,近期乳房外形保持较好,美容效果好,手术并发症少。术后随访20-44个月,1例局部复发,1例肝转移,无死亡病例。结论：保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的美容效果好,并发症少,疗效显著;术前严格掌握手术适应症,术后规范的综合治疗,是取得良好效果的基础。     

妇科手术造成泌尿系统损伤的原因及预防

目的：分析妇科手术致泌尿系统损伤的原因,并为预防提供理论依据,以改善患者的预后。方法：对我院2003年6月-2010年10月进行妇科手术治疗的13801例患者进行回顾性统计,分析出现泌尿系统损伤患者的相关资料,探讨其泌尿系统损伤情况,归纳影响妇科手术损伤泌尿系统的危险因素。结果：13801例患者共确诊122例术后泌尿系统损伤,损伤率0．88％;多因素分析显示,手术方式、盆腔粘连、导尿管阻塞及手术操作是影响妇科手术泌尿系统损伤的独立危险因素,有统计学意5C（P〈0．05）。结论：妇科手术致泌尿系统损伤的原因主要有手术方式的选择,患者出现盆腔粘连,导尿管受到阻塞及手术操作不当等。绝大部分损伤可在术前、术中得到避免,而对于术后出现泌尿系统损伤的患者,应进行及时有效的处理,以保证患者生活质量,改善预后。     

院前明胶海绵栓塞治疗肾血管损伤的动物研究

目的：探讨在新型综合手术救治方舱中明胶海绵栓塞治疗肾血管损伤的可行性和疗效。方法：在新型综合手术救治方舱中构建3例动物肾腹（背）干动脉损伤模型、3例肾段动脉损伤模型,先用1mm×1mm×1mm明胶海绵颗粒对损伤血管进行栓塞治疗,若未能止血,改用2mm×2mm×2mm颗粒栓塞,观察栓塞后15分钟、1月后的肾动脉造影,栓塞后1月的组织病理表现。结果：3例肾段动脉和1例肾腹干动脉使用1mm×1mm×1mm明胶海绵颗粒一次栓塞成功;1例肾腹干动脉和1例肾背干动脉用1mm×1mm×1mm颗粒栓塞未能完全止血,改用2mm×2mm×2mm颗粒栓塞成功。6例动物术后生命体征平稳,全部存活,一个月后造影复查见栓塞动脉来再通,但其余分支动脉血供得到保留。大体标本观栓塞侧肾明显缩小,来见脓腔和脓性分泌物,病理切片示栓塞后局部肾组织有不同范围缺血性梗死。结论：野战方舱中明胶海绵栓塞治疗出血效果明确,对于一般肾血管损伤定位准确,止血迅速、彻底,有良好的可行性和疗效。     

胸腔镜辅助小切口与传统开胸手术对胸外伤患者凝血功能及预后的影响

目的:探讨胸腔镜辅助小切口(VTAMS)与传统开胸手术对胸外伤患者凝血功能及预后的影响。方法:回顾性选取2017年7月~2019年2月期间我院收治的胸外伤患者91例,根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=44,行传统开胸手术)和B组(n=47,行VTAMS手术),比较两组患者围术期指标、术前及术后7d的凝血功能指标、术后并发症发生情况及病死率。结果:B组术中出血量、术中输血量少于A组,手术时间、住院时间短于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后7d活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血小板(PLT)较术前降低,D-二聚体(DD)、凝血酶原时间(PT)较术前升高(P<0.05);B组术后7d的APTT、PLT高于A组,DD、PT则低于A组(P<0.05)。B组术后并发症发生率为10.64%(5/47),低于A组的27.27%(12/44)(P<0.05)。B组病死率为2.13%(1/47),低于A组的15.91%(7/44)(P<0.05)。结论:与传统开胸手术相比,胸外伤患者应用VTAMS手术治疗,可改善围术期指标,对凝血功能影响较轻,减少术后并发症的同时还可降低病死率。     

新辅助化疗对ⅠB2～ⅡB期宫颈癌近期疗效的观察

目的:探讨新辅助化疗对ⅠB2～ⅡB期宫颈癌的近期疗效。方法:对哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院2005年9月～2007年1月间ⅠB2～ⅡB期宫颈癌82例进行前瞻性研究,其中42例在根治性手术前行新辅助化疗(Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy,NACT)2～3个疗程,为NACT组,40例在术前未行新辅助化疗,为直接手术组。评价NACT组化疗疗效及影响疗效的相关因素,比较两组手术后的病理结果。结果:NACT的总有效率为76.2%,化疗效果与临床分期和分化程度无关(P>0.05),与病理类型及肿瘤的大小有关,鳞癌的有效率明显高于非磷癌(P<0.05),肿瘤直径>8cm的疗效明显低于≤8cm(P<0.05)。两组术后盆腔淋巴结阳性率及宫旁侵润率之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在NACT组中化疗有效组与无效组术后盆腔淋巴结阳性率及宫旁侵润率之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)结论:新辅助化疗可改善宫颈癌的临床分期,提高宫颈癌的手术疗效,成为治疗ⅠB2～ⅡB期宫颈癌一种新手段,有较大的临床应用价值     

Evidence of colorectal cancer risk associated variant Lys25Ser in the proximity of human bone morphogenetic protein 2

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer and fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It has been shown that the nsSNP variants play an important role in diseases, however it remained unclear how these variants are associated with the disease. Recently, several CRC risk associated SNPs have been discovered, however rs961253 (Lys25Arg at 20p12.3) located in the proximity of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2) and fermitin family homolog 1 Fermt1 genes have been reported to be highly associated with the CRC risk. Here we provide evidence for the first time in silico biological functional and structural implications of non-synonymous (nsSNPs) CRC disease-associated variant Lys25Arg via molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Protein structural analysis was performed with a particular variant allele (A/C, Lys25Arg) and compared with the predicted native protein structure. Our results showed that this nsSNP will cause changes in the protein structure and as a result is associated with the disease. In addition to the native and mutant 3D structures of CRC associated risk allele protein domain (CRAPD), they were also analyzed using solvent accessibility models for further protein stability confirmation. Taken together, this study confirmed that this variant has functional effect and structural impact on the CRAPD and may play an important role in CRC disease progression; hence it could be a reasonable approach for studying the effect of other deleterious variants in future studies.     

Stronger regional biosecurity is essential to prevent hundreds of harmful biological invasions

Biological invasions often transcend political boundaries, but the capacity of countries to prevent invasions varies. How this variation in biosecurity affects the invasion risks posed to the countries involved is unclear. We aimed to improve the understanding of how the biosecurity of a country influences that of its neighbours. We developed six scenarios that describe biological invasions in regions with contiguous countries. Using data from alien species databases, socio‐economic and biodiversity data and species distribution models, we determined where 86 of 100 of the world's worst invasive species are likely to invade and have a negative impact in the future. Information on the capacity of countries to prevent invasions was used to determine whether such invasions could be avoided. For the selected species, we predicted 2,523 discrete invasions, most of which would have significant negative impacts and are unlikely to be prevented. Of these invasions, approximately a third were predicted to spread from the country in which the species first establishes to neighbouring countries where they would cause significant negative impacts. Most of these invasions are unlikely to be prevented as the country of first establishment has a low capacity to prevent invasions or has little incentive to do so as there will be no impact in that country. Regional biosecurity is therefore essential to prevent future harmful biological invasions. In consequence, we propose that the need for increased regional co‐operation to combat biological invasions be incorporated in global biodiversity targets.     

Unnatural selection of salmon life histories in a modified riverscape

Altered river flows and fragmented habitats often simplify riverine communities and favor non‐native fishes, but their influence on life‐history expression and survival is less clear. Here, we quantified the expression and ultimate success of diverse salmon emigration behaviors in an anthropogenically altered California river system. We analyzed two decades of Chinook salmon monitoring data to explore the influence of regulated flows on juvenile emigration phenology, abundance, and recruitment. We then followed seven cohorts into adulthood using otolith (ear stone) chemical archives to identify patterns in time‐ and size‐selective mortality along the migratory corridor. Suppressed winter flow cues were associated with delayed emigration timing, particularly in warm, dry years, which was also when selection against late migrants was the most extreme. Lower, less variable flows were also associated with reduced juvenile and adult production, highlighting the importance of streamflow for cohort success in these southernmost populations. While most juveniles emigrated from the natal stream as fry or smolts, the survivors were dominated by the rare few that left at intermediate sizes and times, coinciding with managed flows released before extreme summer temperatures. The consistent selection against early (small) and late (large) migrants counters prevailing ecological theory that predicts different traits to be favored under varying environmental conditions. Yet, even with this weakened portfolio, maintaining a broad distribution in migration traits still increased adult production and reduced variance. In years exhibiting large fry pulses, even marginal increases in their survival would have significantly boosted recruitment. However, management actions favoring any single phenotype could have negative evolutionary and demographic consequences, potentially reducing adaptability and population stability. To recover fish populations and support viable fisheries in a warming and increasingly unpredictable climate, coordinating flow and habitat management within and among watersheds will be critical to balance trait optimization versus diversification.     

凝血功能对胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效评估及预后预测的临床价值分析

目的:探究凝血功能对胸腔镜手术治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效评估及预后预测的临床应用价值。方法:选择在我院行胸腔镜手术治疗的50例非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,分析凝血功能指标与患者临床病理特征的关系,比较患者治疗前后凝血功能指标水平的变化,并对患者的预后进行预测。结果:不同性别、病理类型、病理期及淋巴结转移状态患者的凝血功能指标比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);患者行胸腔镜手术治疗后凝血功能指标水平变化显著(P0.05);Log-Rank单因素生存分析显示凝血功能指标中纤维蛋白原(Fib)和D-二聚体(D-D)水平高于平均值的非小细胞肺癌患者生存率显著降低(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示Fib和D-D升高为影响非小细胞肺癌患者生存期和预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:凝血功能指标与胸腔镜手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者疗效及预后有一定的相关性,Fib和D-D是患者预后的独立危险因素。