单操作孔胸腔镜单向式肺叶切除术临床分析

摘要 目的：对比研究单操作孔胸腔镜单向式肺叶切除术与单操作孔胸腔镜常规肺叶切除术的临床效果。方法：选取我院2018年4月至2022年1月早期非小细胞肺癌患者60例,根据手术方式不同分为观察组（30例）和对照组（30例）,观察组行单操作孔胸腔镜单向式肺叶切除术,对照组行单操作孔胸腔镜常规肺叶切术。比较两组手术相关指标、术后疼痛情况、肺功能、炎症因子以及并发症。结果：两组患者淋巴结清扫个数、胸腔引流量比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间均少于对照组,P＜0.05。两组患者手术前视觉模拟评分（VAS）无统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组患者术后1 d、3 d VAS上升,术后7 d VAS下降（P＜0.05）,观察组术后1 d、3 d VAS低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者术前一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV₁/FVC无差异,两组患者术后1 m、3 m FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁/FVC先下降后上升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者术前C反应蛋白（CPR）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术后1 d、3 d CPR、TNF-α、IL-6先下降后上升（P＜0.05）,且观察组患者1 d、3 d CPR、TNF-α、IL-6均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者并发症比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：单操作孔胸腔镜单向式肺叶切除术能缩短手术时间、减少术中出血、降低术后疼痛、降低炎症因子,利于康复。     

腹腔镜下改良Soave术对先天性巨结肠患儿肛门功能、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹腔镜下改良Soave术对先天性巨结肠患儿肛门功能、肠道菌群及生活质量的影响。方法：选取2019年5月~2022年3月期间本院接收的先天性巨结肠患儿68例,根据手术方案的不同将患儿分为常规组（常规经腹腔镜辅助下Soave术,32例）和改良组（腹腔镜下改良Soave术,36例）,比较两组临床指标、肛门功能、肠道菌群、生活质量的变化及并发症发生情况。结果：与常规组比较,改良组手术时间、术后肠蠕动时间、住院时间较短,术中出血量较少（P<0.05）。改良组的优良率高于常规组（P<0.05）。改良组术后3个月健康生活量表简表（SF-36）各维度评分高于常规组（P<0.05）。改良组术后3个月双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪肠球菌高于常规组（P<0.05）,大肠杆菌低于常规组（P<0.05）。改良组的中期并发症发生率、短期并发症发生率低于常规组（P<0.05）。结论：与常规经腹腔镜辅助下Soave术相比,先天性巨结肠患儿采用腹腔镜下改良Soave术治疗,在改善肛门功能、肠道菌群、生活质量、临床指标、降低并发症发生率等方面效果显著,临床应用价值较高。     

麻醉诱导前给予依达拉奉与地塞米松联合BIS监测对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后肺保护与术后恢复的影响

摘要 目的：探讨麻醉诱导前给予依达拉奉与地塞米松联合BIS监测对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后肺保护与术后恢复的影响。方法：选择2021年1月至2022年8月来我院行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的患者80例。麻醉诱导前,A组静脉滴注100 mL 0.9 %生理盐水,B组静脉滴注30 mg依达拉奉,C组静脉滴注4 mg地塞米松注射液,D组静脉滴注30 mg依达拉奉及4 mg地塞米松,并对比四组患者相关指标。结果：四组患者的手术时间、麻醉时间、液体量及失血量对比无差异（P>0.05）。四组患者的心率、平均动脉压在T1-T4点时对比无差异（P>0.05）;四组患者的氧合指数、呼吸指数在T1、T2、T4点时对比无差异（P>0.05）;D组氧合指数较A、B、C组高,呼吸指数较A、B、C组低,B组与C组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但氧合指数高于A组,呼吸指数低于A组（P<0.05）。T1、T2、T4点时,四组患者的血清IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α、SP-A水平及多形中性粒细胞数量对比无差异（P>0.05）;D组的SP-A水平较A、B、C组高,IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α及多形中性粒细胞数量较A、B、C组低,B组与C组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但SP-A水平高于A组,IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α及多形中性粒细胞数量低于A组（P<0.05）。D组的术后住院时间较A、B、C组低,B组与C组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但术后住院时间低于A组（P<0.05）。四组的肺炎、肺不张发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：麻醉诱导前给予依达拉奉联合地塞米松,同时给予BIS监测,可提高胸腔镜下肺叶切除术后肺保护作用,促进术后恢复。     

Ethanol production from starch by immobilized Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces pastorianus using cellulose carriers

A simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was investigated to produce ethanol using two kinds of cellulose carriers that were respectively suitable for immobilization of Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces pastorianus. The maximum ethanol concentration attained by the batch operation was 25.5 g l⁻¹. Under suitable conditions, both cellulose carriers with immobilized cells could be reused efficiently for three cycles. The total amount of ethanol production was 66.0 g (per 1 l working volume) after the repeated operation. Ethanol productivity mainly depends on a saccharification process. There is a limit in durability in the repeated batch operation, and it is important to maintain high activity of the fungus in order to produce ethanol efficiently. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 27, 52–57. Received 11 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 02 June 2001     

The reverse operation of Na+/Cl−‐coupled neurotransmitter transporters – why amphetamines take two to tango

Sodium‐chloride coupled neurotransmitter transporters achieve reuptake of their physiological substrate by exploiting the pre‐existing sodium‐gradient across the cellular membrane. This terminates the action of previously released substrate in the synaptic cleft. However, a change of the transmembrane ionic gradients or specific binding of some psychostimulant drugs to these proteins, like amphetamine and its derivatives, induce reverse operation of neurotransmitter:sodium symporters. This effect eventually leads to an increase in the synaptic concentration of non‐exocytotically released neurotransmitters [and – in the case of the norepinephrine transporters, underlies the well‐known indirect sympathomimetic activity]. While this action has long been appreciated, the underlying mechanistic details have been surprisingly difficult to understand. Some aspects can be resolved by incorporating insights into the oligomeric nature of transporters, into the nature of the accompanying ion fluxes, and changes in protein kinase activities.     

Pathway of ammonia assimilation in illuminated Lemna minor

Plants of duckweed (Lemna minor) were grown under constant illumination and with a controlled supply of ammonium-N so as to maintain a constant low concentration. In two kinetic experiments (differing in illumination and N level) with ¹⁵N-ammonia, plants were periodically harvested and their free amino acids analysed for ¹⁵N abundance. Attempts were then made to fit the data by computer simulation models. Only models which had at least two or more intracellular compartments gave adequate fits. Two two-compartment models were tested fully. Both had in compartment 1 the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase cycle and in compartment 2 a second site of glutamine synthesis. In one model the glutamate for compartment 2 was derived by transport from compartment 1; in the second model it was synthesized from ammonia by glutamate dehydrogenase at a rate equivalent to 10% of the total N uptake. This second model was rejected after it was found that plants previously treated with methionine sulphoximine and aza-serine (inhibitors of the glutamate synthase cycle) were unable to incorporate ¹⁵N. In spite of wide differences in labelling pattern between the two experiments the first model gave acceptable fits to both when different pool sizes were allowed for. Operation of the glutamate synthase cycle was confirmed by the correspondence between model and data for labelling of glutamine amide, glutamine amino and glutamic acid. Consideration of enzyme distributions suggested that compartment 1 (the glutamate synthase system) is the chloroplasts and compartment 2 the cytosol. Analysis of asparagine and neutral amino acids made it possible to construct balance sheets for N uptake in the two experiments. They suggest that all glutamine synthesized in the chloroplast is used for glutamate and asparagine synthesis and that the cytosol enzyme meets the need of the cell for glutamine per se. The high turnover rates for asparagine indicate that this compound is an important intermediate even under steady state conditions, and carries between 20 and 50% of the products of N assimilation.     

Metformin attenuates post-epidural fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 and HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways

Excessive post-epidural fibrosis is a common cause of recurrent back pain after spinal surgery. Though various treatment methods have been conducted, the safe and effective drug for alleviating post-epidural fibrosis remains largely unknown. Metformin, a medicine used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been noted to relieve fibrosis in various organs. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of metformin in scar formation in a mouse model of laminectomy. Post-epidural fibrosis developed in a mouse model of laminectomy by spinous process and the T12-L2 vertebral plate with a rongeur. With the administration of metformin, post-epidural fibrosis was reduced, accompanied with decreased collagen and fibronectin in the scar tissues. Mechanistically, metformin decreased fibronectin and collagen deposition in fibroblast cells, and this effect was dependent on the HMGB1/TLR4 and TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathways. In addition, metformin influenced the metabolomics of the fibroblast cells. Taken together, our study suggests that metformin may be a potential option to mitigate epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.     

PhyloSuite: An integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies

Multigene and genomic data sets have become commonplace in the field of phylogenetics, but many existing tools are not designed for such data sets, which often makes the analysis time‐consuming and tedious. Here, we present PhyloSuite , a (cross‐platform, open‐source, stand‐alone Python graphical user interface) user‐friendly workflow desktop platform dedicated to streamlining molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies. It uses a plugin‐based system that integrates several phylogenetic and bioinformatic tools, thereby streamlining the entire procedure, from data acquisition to phylogenetic tree annotation (in combination with iTOL). It has the following features: (a) point‐and‐click and drag‐and‐drop graphical user interface; (b) a workplace to manage and organize molecular sequence data and results of analyses; (c) GenBank entry extraction and comparative statistics; and (d) a phylogenetic workflow with batch processing capability, comprising sequence alignment (mafft and macse ), alignment optimization (trimAl, HmmCleaner and Gblocks), data set concatenation, best partitioning scheme and best evolutionary model selection (PartitionFinder and modelfinder ), and phylogenetic inference (MrBayes and iq‐tree ). PhyloSuite is designed for both beginners and experienced researchers, allowing the former to quick‐start their way into phylogenetic analysis, and the latter to conduct, store and manage their work in a streamlined way, and spend more time investigating scientific questions instead of wasting it on transferring files from one software program to another.     

罗哌卡因腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产手术中的应用效果

目的:探讨罗哌卡因腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产手术中的应用效果及安全性,为妇科手术麻醉提供可借鉴的方法。方法:对我院于2012年2月至2013年2月期间收治的100例行剖宫产术患者,均于腰硬联合麻醉方式下进行手术,按照随机数字表法,分为观察组50例与对照组50例,分别使用甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸布比卡因进行麻醉,观察与对比两组患者的麻醉效果与不良反应。结果:观察组患者的运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞维持时间均显著低于对照组患者,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者与对照组患者在不良反应方面比较,差异不存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在剖宫产手术中,产生的麻醉效果快速,且安全可靠性有保障,具备临床推广应用的价值。