VSD负压引流技术结合游离植皮治疗大面积皮肤缺损的 临床疗效研究

目的：探讨核苷类似物（NAs）拉米夫定（LAM）用药时间与乙型肝炎（cHB）患者体内HBV病毒血清HBV-DNA载量的关系。方法：选取214例HBeAg阳性患者,在LAM（100mg/d）的36个月用药治疗前使用实时荧光定量PcR进行血清HBV-DNA载量进行测定,并使用特异性引物鉴定HBV病毒DNA保守位点YMDD的抗药性突变以及病毒株的变化情况。结果：（1）214例患者均对LAM产生应答,在治疗12．18个月后血清HBV-DNA载量稳定在较低水平。（2）病毒株在NAs治疗前已经出现耐药性突变（18％）,用药加速了HBV病毒的耐药进化,18个月后耐药病毒数在214例样本中均超过10％的检测标准。结论：LAM治疗在9．18个月获得良好的治疗效果,建议24个月后停药更换临床处方防止耐药病毒株的进化。     

A new fast real‐time PCR method for the identification of three sibling Apodemus species (A. sylvaticus,A. flavicollis,and A. alpicola) in Italy

The identification of field mice Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, and Apodemus alpicola represents a challenge for field scientists due to their highly overlapping morphological traits and habitats. Here, we propose a new fast real‐time PCR method to discriminate the three species by species‐specific TaqMan assays. Primers and probes were designed based on the alignment of 54 cyt‐b partial sequences from 25 different European countries retrieved from GenBank. TaqMan assays were then tested on 133 samples from three different areas of Italy. Real‐time PCR analysis showed 92 samples classified as A. flavicollis, 13 as A. sylvaticus, and 28 as A. alpicola. We did not observe any double amplification and DNA sequencing confirmed species assignment obtained by the TaqMan assays. The method is implementable on different matrices (ear tissues, tail, and blood). It can be used on dead specimens or on alive animals with minimally invasive sampling, and given the high sensitivity, the assay may be also suitable for degraded or low‐DNA samples. The method proved to work well to discriminate between the species analyzed. Furthermore, it gives clear results (amplified or not) and it does not require any postamplification handling of PCR product, reducing the time needed for the analyses and the risk of carryover contamination. It therefore represents a valuable tool for field ecologists, conservationists, and epidemiologists.     

多重定量PCR检测PDX模型小鼠细胞浸润比例的构建

摘要 目的：建立一种快速、灵敏的方法检测人源异种移植模型(Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft,PDX)中小鼠细胞的浸润比例,以确保PDX模型的保真性。方法：选择人和小鼠的特异性基因PSMB2、Ren 2的部分区段设计引物和探针,利用多重荧光定量PCR（TaqMan探针法）在单管中检测PDX模型中小鼠-人细胞的相对量。另外,构建了不同浸润比例的标准品作为阳性对照,根据标准曲线进行样本比例计算。结果：建立了一种多重荧光定量PCR检测PDX模型小鼠细胞浸润比例的检测方案,该方案显示,PDX模型中不同比例的人鼠混合样本与△Ct值（Ct（小鼠）-Ct（人））之间线性关系良好,相关系数r²为0.9998。利用该方法对14个样本进行检测,结果表明在绝大部分样本中小鼠细胞的比例低于30.00%,平均小鼠细胞比例为13.38%。结论：本研究建立的多重定量PCR检测PDX模型中小鼠细胞浸润比例的方法能够根据△Ct值快速、准确推断PDX模型中人、小鼠细胞的比例。该方法操作简单、耗时短、结果可靠,是一种快速、灵敏的PDX模型的质控方案。     

基于TaqMan探针多重实时荧光PCR的肠道特殊菌群绝对定量方法的建立

本研究旨在建立对肠道主要共生菌的快速定量方法。根据细菌16S rRNA基因的保守序列并参考相关研究,设计针对总肠道菌群的通用引物和探针,以及针对双歧杆菌属、肠球菌属和肠杆菌科的特异性引物和探针,采用引物设计工具(Primer-BLAST) 以及聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)扩增以验证引物和探针的特异性。通过分子克隆技术,构建各目标菌属目的基因的重组质粒作为qPCR检测的标准模板,选择标准模板进行重复性实验,并计算组内和组间重复变异系数。用所建立的方法对不同年龄段的临床粪便标本进行3类细菌的检测,并初步分析这些菌群与增龄的关系。结果显示,引物和探针具有较高的特异性;各目的细菌标准曲线在一定范围内线性关系良好,总菌群或各目标菌属的线性范围分别为：总菌群2.9×10³～2.9×10¹²copies/μL、双歧杆菌3.1×10²～3.1×10⁹ copies/μL、肠球菌5.9×10²～5.9×10⁹ copies/μL、肠杆菌6.3×10²～6.3×10⁹ copies/μL,决定系数R²≥ 0.995;检测的最低拷贝数为总菌群7.5×10² copies/μL、双歧杆菌 46 copies/μL、肠球菌 37 copies/μL、肠杆菌 51 copies/μL;重复性实验变异系数在1.32%以下,具有良好的可重复性。对不同年龄段临床粪便标本检测的结果显示,肠球菌和肠杆菌含量随增龄呈增长趋势,且老年组含量显著高于青年组,但在高龄老年人中未发现肠球菌数量增加。双歧杆菌含量随增龄减少,且各组间差异显著,在高龄老年人中也未观察到双歧杆菌显著减少。结果提示,本研究建立了一种可供临床推广的菌群绝对定量方法,能够同时检测3类细菌和菌群总量,对于菌群定量研究具有实际意义。     

TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测水稻RAcl基因mRNA方法的建立

构建包含RAcl基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为水稻肌动蛋白基因RAcl之mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立检测方法,为水稻其他基因的定量建立内参。从水稻叶总RNA中逆转录扩增总cDNA,PCR扩增RAcl基因中设计的目的片段,将纯化的目的片段与pMD19-T Simple载体进行连接,转化宿主菌JM-109,提取重组质粒DNA,PCR鉴定并测序分析。纯化质粒并检测260nm吸光值,确定重组质粒原液的拷贝浓度并以此制备荧光定量PCR梯度浓度标准品,进行实时荧光定量PCR实验。建立了RAcl基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102—1护拷贝,阈值循环数（Ct）与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（r=1．000）,扩增效率高（E=98．2％）。建立了基因RAcl实时定量PCR的质粒标准品。     

Expression pattern and raft association of NIPSNAP3 and NIPSNAP4, highly homologous proteins encoded by genes in close proximity to the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1

The highly homologous genes NIPSNAP3 and NIPSNAP4, with 87% amino acid identity, are members of the NIPSNAP family with putative roles in vesicular trafficking. NIPSNAP3 mRNA and NIPSNAP4 mRNA and protein were detected in multiple tissues and cells at varying degrees. Interestingly, NIPSNAP3 is most highly expressed in skeletal muscle, where NIPSNAP4 has a low mRNA abundance. NIPSNAP4 was found associated with membranes and partly localized in rafts. The ubiquitous expression of the highly conserved NIPSNAPs and their association with membranes further support an important cellular function of these proteins probably linked to vesicular trafficking. The NIPSNAP3 and NIPSNAP4 genes are located in close proximity to the 3' end of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), whose mutations cause familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency syndromes. The adjacent genomic location and the finding that ABCA1 is a regulator of vesicular trafficking may indicate a functional relation of these proteins, even though NIPSNAP4 does not interact directly with ABCA1 nor is its expression altered in cells with mutated ABCA1.     

Development of a TaqMan quantitative PCR assay specific for Cryptosporidium parvum

A rapid detection method that is both quantitative and specific for the water-borne human parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is reported. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with fluorescent TaqMan technology was used to develop this sensitive and accurate assay. The selected primer-probe set identified a 138-bp section specific to a C. parvum genomic DNA sequence. The method was optimized on a cloned section of the target DNA sequence, then evaluated on C. parvum oocyst dilutions. Quantification was accomplished by comparing the fluorescence signals obtained from test samples of C. parvum oocysts with those obtained from standard dilutions of C. parvum oocysts. This real-time PCR assay allowed reliable quantification of C. parvum oocysts over six orders of magnitude with a baseline sensitivity of six oocysts in 2 h.     

鸡新城疫病毒RT-TaqMan-LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

【背景】新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)的传染可能会引发作为二类传染病之一的新城疫(Newcastledisease,ND),给养禽业带来巨大的经济损失,因而早期、精准的NDV筛查是防治ND暴发的关键。【目的】针对新城疫病毒(NDV)建立结合TaqMan探针的反转录环介导等温扩增技术(RT-TaqMan-LAMP)快速检测方法。【方法】根据NDV F基因序列设计特异性引物组和TaqMan探针,以重组质粒pMD-NDV-F为阳性标准品优化反应条件,验证该方法的特异性、灵敏性和重复性,同时与国家标准(GB/T16550—2020)中推荐的RT-qPCR方法比较,对70份实际样本进行验证。【结果】最佳反应条件为61℃60 min。引物和探针最优浓度：1.6μmol/L (FIP/BIP)、0.2μmol/L (F3/B3)、0.8μmol/L (LF/LB)、0.2μmol/L (GTP)。最低检测限为1.651×102 copies/μL,灵敏性是LAMP方法的100倍。无非特异性扩增,与禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus, AIV...     

Polymorphisms in human pre-miRNAs

MicroRNAs constitute a growing class of non-coding RNAs that are thought to regulate gene expression via translational repression. MicroRNAs are initially transcribed as several hundred-nucleotide pri-miRNAs and are then processed to approximately 60-nucleotide hairpin pre-miRNAs. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in both pre-miRNA and mature microRNA modify various biological processes by influencing the processing and/or target selection of microRNAs. In the present study, we sequenced 173 human pre-miRNA genome regions in 96 subjects and found 10 polymorphisms in the 10 pre-miRNA hairpin regions. Although most of these polymorphisms seem to have no effect on microRNA processing, we identified a C to A polymorphism in the mature miR-30c-2 sequence. This polymorphism may alter target selection and thus exert profound biological effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of polymorphisms in pre-miRNAs.