全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1001篇 |
免费 | 125篇 |
国内免费 | 86篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 50篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 38篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 31篇 |
2014年 | 43篇 |
2013年 | 64篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 47篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 39篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 16篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1212条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
31.
D. Sellmann Hans-Jörg Kremitzl Falk Knoch Matthias Moll 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1996,1(2):127-135
In the quest for complexes modelling functional characteristics of metal sulfur oxidoreductases, a series of molybdenum nitrosyl complexes with sulfur-dominated coordination sphere was synthesized. Treatment of the 16, 17 and 18 valence electron (VE) complexes [Mo(L)(NO)('S4')] (1–3) [L?=?SPh (1), PMe3 (2), NO (3), 'S4'2–?=?1,2-bis-(2-mercaptophenylthio) ethane(2-)] with the Brönsted acid HBF4 resulted in formation of different types of products. 1 and 3 were reversibly protonated at one thiolate atom of the 'S4'2– ligand;2, however, yielded the phosphonium salt [HPMe3]BF4 and the dinuclear [Mo(NO)('S4')]2. Alkylation of 1, 2 and 3 by Me3OBF4 or Et3OBF4 uniformly resulted in high yields of [Mo(L)(NO)(R-'S4')]BF4 complexes [L?=?SPh: R?=?Me (5), Et (6); L?=?PMe3: R?=?Me (7); L?=?NO: R?=?Me (8), Et (9)] in which one thiolate atom of the 'S4'2– ligand had become alkylated; the NMR spectra of 5, 6, 8 and 9 indicated that only one out of four theoretically possible diastereoisomers had formed. 5 and 6 were characterized also by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. A comparison of ν(NO) bands and redox potentials (cyclic voltammetry) of parent complexes and alkylated derivatives showed that alkylation leads to a decrease in electron density at the molybdenum center and to a positive shift in redox potentials. The 16 VE complex 1 could be reduced, also chemically, to give the corresponding 17 VE anion [1]–, and inserted elemental sulfur into the Mo-SPh bond, forming the 18 VE phenylperthio complex [Mo(η2–SSPh)(NO)('S4')] (11) which, upon reaction with PPh3, gave SPPh3 and regenerated the parent complex 1. These results are discussed with regard to the sequence of proton and electron transfer steps occurring in substrate conversions catalyzed by metal sulfur oxidoreductases. 相似文献
32.
A flexing and gliding green sulfur bacterium has been isolated from marine sources off the North East coast of the USA. Chloroherpeton thalassium is an obligate phototroph, and requires CO2 and S2- for growth; some organic acids can contribute to cell carbon, and N2 may be fixed. The cells contain typical chlorosomes, and gas vesicles may be present. Bacteriochlorophyll c is the main light harvesting pigment, and a small quantity of bacteriochlorophyll a is also present. Over 80% of the carotenoid is -carotene. DNA base composition of the isolates ranges from 45.0–48.2 mol% G+C.In memory of R. Y. Stanier 相似文献
33.
The development of SO42- influx in roots and sulfur transport to shoots was followed in 35S-tracer experiments for sulfur-deficient spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Svenno) seedlings pretreated for various time periods (0–24 h) in nutrient solutions with SO42-. Effects of the metabolic inhibitor 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CH) on SO42- influx were also evaluated. The SO42- influx appears feedback-regulated by the internal sulfur level of the roots. Regulation may be achieved solely by a rapidly changed SO42- carrier activity through an allosteric effect by the intracellular SO42- concentration of the roots, followed first by induction of carrier synthesis and then by repression of carrier synthesis after transfer of the roots from SO42--deficient nutrient solutions to solutions with SO42-. A Hill plot of the partly sigmoidal relationship between SO42- influx and intracellular sulfur concentration in the roots gave a Hill coefficient of -4.2, indicating negative cooperativity between a minimum number of four interacting allosteric binding sites for sulfur on each carrier entity. DNP-experiments showed that SO42- influx was mainly metabolic, especially after short pretreatment in SO42- at an external SO42- concentration of 0.1 mM. Pretreatment with CH rapidly prevented new SO42- carriers from being formed. Long CH pretreatment (24 h) and different SO42- pretreatments reduced SO42- influx below the non-metabolic level obtained by uptake experiments with DNP, indicating the existence of SO42- carriers mediating passive SO42- transport across the plasmalemma of the root cells. SO42- influx was further decreased for the CH pretreated (24 h) plants by the presence of both CH and DNP in the experimental nutrient solution. This probably indicates the diffusive part of the non-metabolic SO42- influx in the present experiments. Finally, it is suggested that there is a feedback signal between root and shoot, regulating sulfur transport upwards. 相似文献
34.
Mature leaves of Ricinus communis fed with 35SO
4
2-
in the light export labeled sulfate and reduced sulfur compounds by phloem transport. Only 1–2% of the absorbed radiosulfur is exported to the stem within 2–3 h, roughly 12% of 35S recovered was in reduced form. The composition of phloem translocate moving down the stem toward the root was determined from phloem exudate: 20–40% of the 35S moved in the form of organic sulfur compounds, however, the bulk of sulfur was transported as inorganic sulfate. The most important organic sulfur compound translocated was glutathione, carrying about 70% of the label present in the organic fraction. In addition, methionine and cysteine were involved in phloem sulfur transport and accounted for roughly 10%. Primarily, the reduced forms of both, glutathione and cysteine are prsent in the siever tubes.Abbreviations CySH
cysteine
- GSH
glutathione
- GSSG
glutathione disulfide
- NEM
N-ethylmaleimide
- CyS-SCy
cystine 相似文献
35.
Seasonal and spatial patterns of S,Ca, and N dynamics of a Northern Hardwood forest ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Seasonal dynamics of S, Ca and N were examined at the Huntington Forest, a northern hardwood ecosystem in the central Adirondacks
of New York for a period of 34 months (1985–1988). Solute concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall (TF)
and leachates from the forest floor, E horizon and B horizon were quantified. Both above and below-ground elemental fluxes
mediated by vegetation (e.g. uptake, litter inputs, and fine roots production) were also determined. The roles of abiotic
and biotic processes were ascertained based on both changes in solute concentrations through the strata of the ecosystem as
well as differences between dormant and growing seasons. Concentrations of SO4
2−, NO3
−, NH4
+ and Ca2+ were greater in TF than precipitation. Forest floor leachates had greater concentrations of SO4
2−, NO3
− + NH4
+ and Ca2+ (9, 6 and 77 μeq L−1, respectively) than TF. There were differences in concentrations of ions in leachates from the forest floor between the dormant
and growing seasons presumably due to vegetation uptake and microbial immobilization. Concentrations and fluxes of NO3
− and NH; were greatest in early spring followed by a rapid decline which coincided with a demand for N by vegetation in late
spring. Vegetation uptake (44.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 ) could account for the low leaching rates of N03
−. Within the mineral soil, changes with soil depth and the absence of seasonal patterns suggest that cation exchange (Ca+) or anion sorption (SO4
2−) are primarily responsible for regulating solute concentrations. The increase in SO4
2− concentration after leachates passed through the mineral soil may be attributed to desorption of sulfate that was adsorbed
during an earlier period when SO4
2− concentrations would have been greater due to elevated S inputs. 相似文献
36.
Sulfate reduction and S-oxidation in a moorland pool sediment 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
In an oligotrophic moorland pool in The Netherlands, S cycling near the sediment/water boundary was investigated by measuring (1) SO4
2– reduction rates in the sediment, (2) depletion of SO4
2– in the overlying water column and (3) release of35S from the sediment into the water column. Two locations differing in sediment type (highly organic and sandy) were compared, with respect to reduction rates and depletion of SO4
2– in the overlying water.Sulfate reduction rates in sediments of an oligotrophic moorland pool were estimated by diagenetic modelling and whole core35SO4
2– injection. Rates of SO4
2– consumption in the overlying water were estimated by changes in SO4
2– concentration over time in in situ enclosures. Reduction rates ranged from 0.27–11.2 mmol m–2 d–1. Rates of SO4
2– uptake from the enclosed water column varied from –0.5, –0.3 mmol m–2 d–1 (November) to 0.43–1.81 mmol m–2 d–1 (July, August and April). Maximum rates of oxidation to SO4
2– in July 1990 estimated by combination of SO4
2– reduction rates and rates of in situ SO4
2– uptake in the enclosed water column were 10.3 and 10.5 mmol m–2 d–1 at an organic rich and at a sandy site respectively.Experiments with35S2– and35SO4
2– tracer suggested (1) a rapid formation of organically bound S from dissimilatory reduced SO4
2– and (2) the presence of mainly non SO4
2–-S derived from reduced S transported from the sediment into the overlying water. A35S2– tracer experiment showed that about 7% of35S2– injected at 1 cm depth in a sediment core was recovered in the overlying water column.Sulfate reduction rates in sediments with higher volumetric mass fraction of organic matter did not significantly differ from those in sediments with a lower mass fraction of organic matter.Corresponding author 相似文献
37.
Superconducting vibronic interaction in the vibronic superconductivity motif has been studied in the Hückel framework for (AB)
N
chain systems. Within the on-site and nearest-neighbor approximation a new vibronic constant, /L, has been introduced, of which the importance has been discussed. The effect of the vibronic operator, , has also been studied. It is also concluded that the size-dependence of the superconducting vibronic interaction also exists in the (AB)
N
chain systems.On leave from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Changchun, P. R. China, as an STA fellowship awardee hosted by the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research of Japan. 相似文献
38.
Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis is unable to grow with sulfate as sole sulfur source. Radioactively labelled sulfate is not incorporated into the cells. Growth only occurs in the presence of reduced sulfur compounds, such as sulfide, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and cysteine. ATP sulfurylase, adenylylsulfate kinase, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase and cysteine desulfhydrase are present. Adenylylsulfate sulfotransferase and thiosulfonate reductase are lacking. The enzymes of the sulfate-activating system are not derepressed by O-acetylserine.Non common Abbreviations APS
Adenosine 5-phosphosulfate
- PAPS
3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate 相似文献
39.
(1) Current models for the mechanism of cyclic electron transport in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata have been investigated by observing the kinetics of electron transport in the presence of inhibitors, or in photosynthetically incompetent mutant strains. (2) In addition to its well-characterized effect on the Rieske-type iron sulfur center, 5-(n-undecyl)-6-hydroxy-4,7-dioxobenzothiazole (UHDBT) inhibits both cytochrome b50 and cytochrome b?90 reduction induced by flash excitation in Rps. sphaeroides and Rps. capsulata. The concentration dependency of the inhibition in the presence of antimycin (approx. 2.7 mol UHDBT/mol reaction center for 50% inhibition of extent) is very similar to that of its inhibition of the antimycin-insensitive phase of ferricytochrome c re-reduction. UHDBT did not inhibit electron transfer between the reduced primary acceptor ubiquinone (Q?I) and the secondary acceptor ubiquinone (QII) of the reaction center acceptor complex. A mutant of Rps. capsulata, strain R126, lacked both the UHDBT and antimycin-sensitive phases of cytochrome c re-reduction, and ferricytochrome b50 reduction on flash excitation. (3) In the presence of antimycin, the initial rate of cytochrome b50 reduction increased about 10-fold as the Eh(7.0) was lowered below 180 mV. A plot of the rate at the fastest point in each trace against redox potential resembles the Nernst plot for a two-electron carrier with Em(7.0) ≈ 125 ± 15 mV. Following flash excitation there was a lag of 100–500 μs before cytochrome b50 reduction began. However, there was a considerably longer lag before significant reduction of cytochrome c by the antimycin-sensitive pathway occurred. (4) The herbicide ametryne inhibited electron transfer between Q?I and QII. It was an effective inhibitor of cytochrome b50 photoreduction at Eh(7.0) 390 mV, but not at Eh(7.0) 100 mV. At the latter Eh, low concentrations of ametryne inhibited turnover after one flash in only half of the photochemical reaction centers. By analogy with the response to o-phenanthroline, it is suggested that ametryne is ineffective at inhibiting electron transfer from Q?I to the secondary acceptor ubiquinone when the latter is reduced to the semiquinone form before excitation. (5) At Eh(7.0) > 200 mV, antimycin had a marked effect on the cytochrome b50 reduction-oxidation kinetics but not on the cytochrome c and reaction center changes or the slow phase III of the electrochromic carotenoid change on a 10-ms time scale. This observation appears to rule out a mechanism in which cytochrome b50 oxidation is obligatorily and kinetically linked to the antimycin-sensitive phase of cytochrome c reduction in a reaction involving transmembrane charge transfer at high Eh values. However, at lower redox potentials, cytochrome b50 oxidation is more rapid, and may be linked to the antimycin-sensitive reduction of cytochrome c. (6) It is concluded that neither a simple linear scheme nor a simple Q-cycle model can account adequately for all the observations. Future models will have to take account of a possible heterogeneity of redox chains resulting from the two-electron gate at the level of the secondary quinone, and of the involvement of cytochrome b?90 in the rapid reactions of the cyclic electron transfer chain 相似文献
40.
The amounts of AMP, ADP and ATP were determined after sulfite incubation in photo-organotrophically cultivated cells of the green alga Trebouxia. D 相似文献