肝细胞癌根治性切除术后预后因素分析

目的:探讨影响肝细胞癌患者根治性术后预后相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2004年1月1日至2009年12月31日245例我院行根治性切除术的肝细胞癌患者,采用Kaplan-Meier法和Cox比例风险模型分析临床资料、手术过程、病理特征与预后的关系。结果:多因素分析结果显示术前AFP水平、术中出血量、TNM分期是影响无进展生存时间和总生存时间的独立风险因素。术前AFP水平越高、术中出血量越大、TNM分期越晚则患者无进展生存时间及总生存时间明显缩短。此外,患者出现肿瘤组织局部坏死、门静脉癌栓,则总生存时间明显缩短。结论:术前AFP水平、术中出血量、TNM分期是外科根治性切除术后肝细胞癌患者复发及死亡的相关因素,对于临床医师判断预后及延长术后生存时间具有重要的临床意义。     

三种术式重建食管治疗食管癌和贲门癌的临床研究

目的:提高食管癌和贲门癌的根治切除率和临床治愈率,预防吻合口瘘。方法:设计了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种术式:上、中段食管癌采用右胸前外侧切口,经第3或4肋间开胸,左腹直肌旁或左肋弓下斜切口开腹和右颈部切口,保留2～3cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,贲门部或部分胃切除,在颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅰ式)。中段食管癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第4或第5肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,左颈部切口,保留3～4cm颈段食管,食管次全切除,部分胃切除,在左颈部食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅱ式)。贲门癌采用左胸前外侧切口,经第5或4肋间开胸,腹部切口同前,中段食管和近半胃或纵半胃切除,在主动脉弓下食管胃端侧分层吻合(Ⅲ式)。尽可能清除区域淋巴结,吻合口均用大网膜包盖加固。结果:食管癌和贲门癌总切除率92．1%(174/189),其中根治性切除率为75．1%(142/189),探查率(未切除)为7．9%(15/189),三种术式的总吻合口瘘发生率为4．0%(7/174),无围手术期死亡。结论:三种术式可提高根治性切除率,大网膜包盖加固吻合口可减少瘘的发生率,食管胃分层吻合法可降低吻合口狭窄的发生率,临床治愈率高,围手术期死亡率低。     

腹腔镜下行TME联合PANP手术治疗男性直肠癌的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下行直肠全系膜切除术(TME)联合保留骨盆自主神经的直肠癌根治术(PANP)手术治疗男性直肠癌的临床价值及手术技巧,为男性直肠癌的临床治疗提供更多的参考依据。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的81例男性直肠癌患者的临床资料,将其中41例采取腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经全直肠系膜切除术的患者设为观察组,将40例开腹下行保留盆腔自主神经全直肠系膜切除术患者设为对照组,比较两组患者的手术相关指标、肿瘤相关指标、性功能、排尿功能障碍及术后局部复发情况。结果:1观察组患者的术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后恢复饮食时间和术后下床活动时间明显少于或短于对照组(P0.05),全程手术时间长于对照组(P0.05),两组术后并发症的发生率比较无显著性差异(P0.05);2术后,随访患者1年,观察组患者勃起功能障碍、射精功能和排尿功能障碍的发生率均明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者1年后局部复发率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下实施TME+PANP手术治疗男性直肠癌可在根治的基础上,降低对患者排尿和性功能的影响,值得在临床进一步推广。     

Human Ku70/80 protein blocks exonuclease 1-mediated DNA resection in the presence of human Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50 protein complex

DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are repaired by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Recent genetic data in yeast shows that the choice between these two pathways for the repair of DSBs is via competition between the NHEJ protein, Ku, and the HR protein, Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex. To study the interrelationship between human Ku and Mre11 or Mre11/Rad50 (MR), we established an in vitro DNA end resection system using a forked model dsDNA substrate and purified human Ku70/80, Mre11, Mre11/Rad50, and exonuclease 1 (Exo1). Our study shows that the addition of Ku70/80 blocks Exo1-mediated DNA end resection of the forked dsDNA substrate. Although human Mre11 and MR bind to the forked double strand DNA, they could not compete with Ku for DNA ends or actively mediate the displacement of Ku from the DNA end either physically or via its exonuclease or endonuclease activity. Our in vitro studies show that Ku can block DNA resection and suggest that Ku must be actively displaced for DNA end processing to occur and is more complicated than the competition model established in yeast.     

Body size and the daily rhythm of body temperature in dogs

Practically every physiological variable exhibits daily rhythmicity. The daily rhythm of body temperature, like that of many other variables, is often weak in newborns and gains strength as the animals grow. Because of the natural association between physiological maturation and gain in body size, these two processes are naturally confounded. To differentiate between the effects of maturation and the effects of body growth, we took advantage of the large variation in body size that exists among different breeds of the domestic dog. We compared the body temperature rhythms of developing puppies of different dog breeds. Puppies of none of the breeds exhibited statistically significant daily rhythmicity for several days after birth. Regardless of breed or sex, rhythmicity matured over several weeks and attained a stable level by 6 weeks after birth. Body size did not seem to be an important element in the development of rhythmicity because the development was similar in three breeds that differed greatly in body size (Basset Hound, Boxer, and Neapolitan Mastiff). On the other hand, the difference in body size associated with the different breeds had a strong impact on the absolute level of body temperature regardless of age: we found a strong inverse correlation between temperature and body size among the puppies and dams of the three breeds and among 115 adult dogs from 19 different breeds ranging from 2-kg Yorkshire Terriers to 80-kg Great Danes.     

实验猴直肠脱的防治

目的探索实验猴直肠脱的理想治疗方案。方法根据本中心治疗成功的经验对实验猴直肠脱的治疗方案、术后护理及预防措施进行了详细论述。结果经临床实践,本防治方案对实验猴直肠脱的治愈率可达90%以上。结论本方案可以在生产中推广应用。     

Subsite- and stage-specific colorectal cancer trends in Estonia prior to implementation of screening

BackgroundThe occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Estonia has been characterised by increasing incidence, low survival and no screening. The study aimed to examine long-term incidence and survival trends of CRC in Estonia with specific focus on subsite and stage.MethodsWe analysed CRC incidence and relative survival using Estonian Cancer Registry data on all cases of colorectal cancer (ICD-10 C18–21) diagnosed in 1995–2014. TNM classification was used to categorise stage.ResultsAge-standardized incidence of colon cancer increased both in men and women at a rate of approximately 1% per year. Significant increase was seen for right-sided tumours, but not for left-sided tumours. Rectal cancer incidence increased significantly only in men and anal cancer incidence only in women. Age-standardized five-year relative survival for colon cancer increased from 50% in 1995–1999 to 59% in 2010–2014; for rectal cancer, from 38% to 56%. Colon cancer survival improved significantly for left-sided tumours (from 51% to 62%) and stage IV disease (from 6% to 15%). For rectal cancer, significant survival gain was seen for stage II (from 58% to 75%), stage III (from 34% to 70%) and stage IV (from 1% to 12%).ConclusionIn the pre-screening era in Estonia, increase in colon cancer incidence was limited to right-sided tumours. Large stage-specific survival gain, particularly for rectal cancer, was probably due to better staging and advances in multimodality treatment. Nonetheless, more than one quarter of new CRC cases are diagnosed at stage IV, emphasising the need for an efficient screening program.     

64排多层螺旋CT对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断研究

目的:通过对直肠癌患者原发肿瘤周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的影像学分析,来评价64排增强螺旋CT对直肠癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:收集我院经术后病理证实的102例直肠癌患者的临床及影像学资料进行回顾性分析,通过多平面成像,记录直肠周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的CT表现,包括淋巴结大小、边缘及强化程度。以病理结果为准确定转移性和非转移性淋巴结,采用双盲法。结果:单因素分析结果显示淋巴结大小、边缘及强化方式与阳性率有显著的相关性(P0.05),多因素分析结果显示各相关因素有显著诊断意义的是淋巴结大小、边缘及强化方式,其敏感性分别为94.7%、87.6%、56.9%,特异性分别为69.3%、51.6%、62.3%。结论:综合分析原发肿瘤周围脂肪间隙内淋巴结的表观情况,有助于提高对淋巴结转移的判断。     

Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results-based analysis of the impact of preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy on survival outcomes for T3N0 rectal cancer

Purpose: Preoperative chemoradiation has been established as standard of care for T3/T4 node-positive rectal cancer. Recent work, however, has called into question the overall benefit of radiation for tumors with lower risk characteristics, particularly T3N0 rectal cancers. We retrospectively analyzed T3N0 rectal cancer patients and examined how outcomes differed according to the sequence of treatment received. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to analyze T3N0 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2008. Treatment consisted of surgery alone (No RT), preoperative radiation followed by surgery (Neo-Adjuvant RT), or surgery followed by postoperative radiation (Adjuvant RT). Demographic and tumor characteristics of the three groups were compared using t-tests for the comparison of means. Survival information from the SEER database was utilized to estimate cause-specific survival (CSS) and to generate Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Multivariate analysis (MVA) of features associated with outcomes was conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression models with Adjuvant RT, Neo-Adjuvant RT, No RT, histological grade, tumor size, year of diagnosis, and demographic characteristics as covariates. Results: 10-Year CSS estimates were 66.1% (95% CI 62.3–69.6%; P = 0.02), 73.5% (95% CI 68.9–77.5%; P = 0.02), and 76.1% (95% CI 72.4–79.4%; P = 0.02), for No RT, Neo-Adjuvant RT, and Adjuvant RT, respectively. On MVA, Adjuvant RT (HR = 0.688; 95% CI, 0.578–0.819; P < 0.001) was associated with significantly decreased risk for cancer death. By contrast, Neo-Adjuvant RT was not significantly associated with improved cancer survival (HR = 0.863; 95% CI, 0.715–1.043; P = 0.127). Conclusion: Adjuvant RT was associated with significantly higher CSS when compared with surgery alone, while the benefit of Neo-Adjuvant RT was not significant. This indicates that surgery followed by Adjuvant RT may still be an important treatment plan for T3N0 rectal cancer with potentially significant survival advantages over other treatment sequences.     

直肠癌MRI研究进展

MRI是目前直肠癌诊断、分期的首选影像学方法。在判断肿瘤对邻近器官、结构的浸润程度上具有明显优势,尤其是对有较高复发风险的低位肿瘤。常规MRI尤其是高分辨MRI能够清晰显示直肠相关解剖,结合扩散加权成像（Diffusion weighted imaging,DWI）通过确定肿瘤边界,直肠系膜有无受侵,淋巴结及远处转移情况,可以准确有效的进行术前诊断、分期;DWI有助于鉴别辅助治疗后失活与存活组织、筛选出辅助治疗有效的患者,在评估治疗后疗效、提示患者预后方面发挥重要作用,也为临床制定治疗方案提供依据。同时也发现准确进行淋巴结分期、鉴别复发仍然存在困难,需要在以后进一步探讨,提高评估的准确性。本文就近年来MRI在直肠癌术前评价、术后疗效评估、复发监测及表观弥散系数（Apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）的应用做一综述。