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21.
研究了排水条件下施用腐熟有机物料、种稻改良滨海盐渍土内源铁形态分布.结果表明,单淹水利于土中无定形氧化铁、络合态铁、有效态铁以及氧化铁活化度升高,并且络合态铁与有效态铁升高程度,低盐土壤显著;晶形氧化铁变化不明显,土中可能存在其它形态铁向晶形氧化铁转化.种稻不施有机物料,根际络合态铁和有效态铁富集;无定形氧化铁和晶形氧化铁亏缺.根际氧化铁活化度稍低于非根际.增施有机物料利于两种盐渍土根际内外铁形态向络合态铁和无定形氧化铁转化;有效态铁和氧化铁活化度提高,低盐土壤根际较明显  相似文献   
22.
Summary Transmembrane linear terminal complexes considered to be involved in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils have been described in the plasma membrane ofBoergesenia forbesii. Evidence for the existence of these structures has been obtained almost exlusively using the freeze etching technique. In the present study an attempt has been made to complete these studies using conventional fixation, staining, and sectioning procedures. In developing cells ofBoergesenia forbesii, strongly stained structures traversing the plasma membrane and averaging 598.9 nm ± 171.3 nm in length, 28.7 nm ± 4.2 nm in width, and 35.2 nm ± 6.6 nm in depth have been demonstrated. These structures are considered to be linear terminal complexes. At their distal (cell wall) surface, they appear to be closely associated with cellulose microfibrils. At the proximal (cytoplasmic) surface, they are associated with microtubules and polysomes. A model of the possible interrelation of the terminal complexes and microtubules leading to the generation of cell wall microfibrils is proposed.  相似文献   
23.
Cell wall material (CWM) isolated from beeswing wheat bran contains 66% carbohydrate, 12% Klason lignin, 6% protein and 4% ash. The relative proportions of sugars in the CWM are arabinose 34%, xylose 26%, galactose 2%, glucose 32% and uronic acid 6%. The uronic acid was shown to consist of glucuronic acid and its 4-O-Me analogue in the ratio 1.8:1. Partial acid hydrolysis of the CWM yielded neutral sugars and a uronic acid fraction. The latter was shown to contain Glc p A-(1→2)-Xyl p and Glc p A-(1→2)-O-Xyl p-(1→4)-Xyl p and their 4-O-Me substituted uronic acid analogues. Methylation analysis of the whole CWM and partially degraded methylated CWM revealed the nature of the constituent glycosidic linkages. From the combined evidence we infer that the major structural features of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides are a linear chain of xylopyranose units joined by (1→4)-linkages, and arabinofuranose, xylose, galactose (and uronic acid) end groups, which in at least some of the polysaccharides, are attached directly by (1→2)- and/or (1→3)-linkages to the xylan chain. The CWM has been fractionated by successive extractions with water at 80°, 0.2 M (NH4)2C2O4 at 80°, Na chlorite/HOAc at 70°, 0.2 M (NH4)2C2O4 at 80°, 1 M and 4 M KOH, and the neutral sugar composition of the fractions determined. It is concluded from these and other experiments that the CWM contains two main types of polysaccharides, the arabinoxylans and cellulosic polymers, and that phenolic ester linkages play a role in holding them together.  相似文献   
24.
核磁共振(NMR)技术由于具有高效快速、不破坏土壤结构且对人体无害等优点,逐渐被应用到土壤学相关领域研究中。然而,土壤中顺磁物质的存在对核磁共振信号特征的影响仍不明确。本研究旨在揭示顺磁物质对不同类型土壤低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)信号特征和土壤含水量测定的影响。结果表明:土壤水的LF-NMR信号量最高可达150左右,土壤矿物、有机质和微生物等固相物质的LF-NMR信号量基本不超过0.3,相对可以忽略。质地和顺磁物质对土壤水的LF-NMR信号量测量有更大影响。LF-NMR仪器存在弛豫时间监测盲区,信号量损失主要是由于顺磁物质加速了水中氢质子的弛豫过程,导致小孔隙中水分反馈的极快的LF-NMR信号不能被监测设备捕获。对于顺磁物质含量较少的壤性潮土(1.2%)和黏壤性黑土(1.3%),LF-NMR信号量损失不大,其与土壤含水量呈线性关系;但对于黏粒含量(45.3%)和顺磁物质含量(4.0%)较高的黏性红壤,测定中会损失一部分LF-NMR信号量,监测到的LF-NMR信号量与土壤含水量不再呈线性关系。此外,外源添加顺磁物质(3.0 g·L-1的MnCl2溶液)也会降低黑土和红壤中可被监测的LF-NMR信号量,黑土和红壤的信号量最大损失率分别为41.0%和46.7%,极大地改变其与土壤含水量之间的定量关系。因此,在利用LF-NMR测量富含顺磁物质(>1.3%)或有外源顺磁物质进入的黏性土壤的含水量时,应先通过校正降低顺磁物质等对LF-NMR信号量的影响。研究结果对利用低场核磁共振技术准确分析土壤水分分布及土壤孔隙结构具有重要意义。  相似文献   
25.
Pseudogout is crystalline arthritis. It has a similar clinical picture to that of gout, and it is difficult to distinguish the two diseases using conventional analysis methods. However, it is important to identify the different crystals responsible for these two cases because the treatment strategies are different. In a previous study, we reported magnetic orientation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which are the causative agent of gout, at the permanent magnet level. In this study, we investigated the effect of an applied magnetic field on calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals, which are the causative agent of pseudogout, and the difference in the magnetic responses of CPP and MSU crystals. We found that the CPP crystals were oriented in a magnetic field on milli-Tesla order because of the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility. In addition, the CPP crystals exhibited different anisotropic magnetic properties from those of MSU crystals, which led to a characteristic difference between the orientations of the two crystals. That is, we found that the causative agents of gout and pseudogout responded differently to a magnetic field. This report suggests that the discrimination between CPP and MSU by optical measurements is possible by application of magnetic fields appropriately. © 2023 Bioelectromagnetics Society.  相似文献   
26.
To investigate the role of species‐specific litter decomposability in determining plant community structure, we constructed a theoretical model of the codevelopmental dynamics of soil and vegetation. This model incorporates feedback between vegetation and soil. Vegetation changes the nutrient conditions of soil by affecting mineralization processes; soil, in turn, has an impact on plant community structure. The model shows that species‐level traits (decomposability, reproductive and competitive abilities) determine whether litter feedback effects are positive or negative. The feedback determines community‐level properties, such as species composition and community stability against invasion. The model predicts that positive feedback may generate multiple alternative steady states of the plant community, which differ in species richness or community composition. In such cases, the realized state is determined by initial abundance of co‐occurring species. Further, the model shows that the importance of species‐level traits depends on environmental conditions such as system fertility.  相似文献   
27.
张炳  黄和平  毕军 《生态学报》2009,29(5):2473-2480
区域生态效率(eco-efficiency)评价是考量区域可持发展的重要内容.基于物质流分析(material flow analysis, MFA)构建区域生态效率评价指标体系,并将污染物排放作为一种非期望输入引入到数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis, DEA)模型中,以江苏省(1990~2005年)为例进行生态效率分析评价.结果表明,江苏省的区域生态效率在1990~2005年期间呈现逐步上升的趋势.但是,同期的总物质投入(total material input, TMI)、物质需求总量(total material requirement, TMR)和污染物排放量也呈上升趋势.因此,江苏省社会经济发展和环境影响总体上呈现"弱脱钩(weak de-link)".  相似文献   
28.
工业园区磷代谢分析——以江苏宜兴经济开发区为例   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
武娟妮  石磊 《生态学报》2010,30(9):2397-2405
工业园区是工业活动的重要载体,也是水污染控制与治理的焦点对象。运用物质代谢分析方法解析水中主要污染主导元素在工业园区的代谢途径、结构与动力机制,有助于寻求提高水资源利用效率和减缓水环境污染压力的举措。以江苏宜兴经济开发区为案例,基于物质流分析方法构建了工业园区的磷代谢网络,详细解析了工业系统和污水处理模块的磷代谢途径和通量。研究表明,印染、食品加工和机械(磷化)行业是宜兴经济开发区的主要磷排放源;企业自备处理设施除磷效果不佳,磷去除率大约为60%,集中污水处理厂可以有效除磷,去除率约75%;生活污水磷去除率低;不经处理直接排入水体的降水给水体造成了较大的负荷,为34%。由此,建议企业完善简单的处理设施,污水处理厂提高企业纳管率,同时园区加强对生活污水、生活垃圾和企业固体排放物的管理。  相似文献   
29.
Downed woody material (fallen logs) offers ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) ideal sites for nesting and foraging, but little is known about what characteristics of dead wood influence spider assemblages. In a maple forest of Forillon National Park, in eastern Québec (Canada), spider assemblages on, adjacent to, and away from fallen logs were compared. We also tested how log type (coniferous vs. deciduous) and decomposition stage influenced spider assemblages. Sampling was done for an intensive four-week period using both litter samples and pitfall traps. A total of 5613 spiders representing 83 species from 16 families was collected. Spiders were affected by the presence of logs, as both species diversity and total number of individuals collected were significantly higher on the log surface compared to the forest floor. Ordination analysis revealed a distinct compositional difference between the spider fauna found on the wood surface compared to the forest floor. Wood type and decomposition stage had few significant effects on spider assemblages, except that less decayed logs supported higher spider diversity than logs in advanced stages of decay. Dead wood is clearly important for generalist predators such as spiders, further supporting the conservation importance of fallen logs in northern forest ecosystems.  相似文献   
30.
KMgSO4F:Ce and KMgSO4F:Mn phosphors were prepared by a wet chemical method and studied for their photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics. PL emission of KMgSO4F:Ce peaked at around 440 nm for the excitation at 377 nm due to 5d → 4f transition, while KMgSO4F:Mn had a peak at 540 nm for an excitation at 363 nm and 247 nm due to 4T1g6A1g transition. The phosphors also showed good thermoluminescence characteristics when they were exposed to γ‐rays at a 5 Gy dose at the rate of 0.36 kGyh?1. KMgSO4F:Ce exhibited a single thermoluminescence (TL) peak at around 167 °C and KMgSO4F:Mn also exhibited a single TL peak at around 177 °C. Possible trapping parameters such as order of kinetics (b), the geometrical factor (μg), the frequency factor (s) and the activation energy were also evaluated by Chen's half width method. This article discusses fundamental PL and TL characteristics in inorganic fluoride material activated by Ce3+ and Mn2+ ions and prepared by a wet chemical method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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