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61.
Cataract is the major reason for human blindness worldwide. α-Crystallin, as a key chaperone of eye lenses, keeps the lenticular tissues in its transparent state over time. In this study, cataract-causing familial mutations, P20R and A171T, were introduced in CRYАB gene. After successful expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent purification, the recombinant proteins were subjected to extensive structural and functional analyses using various spectroscopic techniques, gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. The results of fluorescence and Raman assessments suggest important but discreet conformational changes in human αB-Cry upon these cataractogenic mutations. Furthermore, the mutant proteins exhibited significant secondary structural alteration as revealed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. An increase in conformational stability was seen in the human αB-Cry bearing these congenital cataractogenic mutations. The oligomeric size distribution and chaperone-like activity of human αB-Cry were significantly altered by these mutations. The P20R mutant protein was observed to loose most of the chaperone-like activity. Finally, these cataractogenic mutant proteins exhibited an increased propensity to form the amyloid fibrils when incubated under environmental stress. Overall, the structural and functional changes in mutated human αB-Cry proteins can shed light on the pathogenic development of congenital cataracts. 相似文献
62.
《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):1105-1112
Nine novel 4-[3-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzenesulfonamides (2a-i) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. These compounds (2a-i) showed moderate to strong anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan rat paw oedema test. Compounds 2b, 2d and 2g showing comparable anti-inflammatory activity to that of reference drug celecoxib were evaluated for their ulcerogenic and analgesic activities. The effect of 2b, 2d and 2g on the content of NO, TNF-α and PGE2 in exudates from rat paw stimulated by carrageenan was also evaluated. The compound 2c showed considerable antitumor activities against all 60 human tumor cell lines with effective GI50 (MG-MID) value of 3.63 µM. It exhibited maximum activity against melanoma (LOX IMVI and SK-MEL-5) cancer cell lines with GI50 value less than 2 μM. 相似文献
63.
《Free radical research》2013,47(2):82-88
AbstractEndothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is the first stage of coronary artery disease. It is known that one of the factors associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease is a high plasma level of uric acid. However, causative associations between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk have not been definitely proved. In this work, we tested the effect of uric acid on endothelial NO bioavailability. Electrochemical measurement of NO production in acetylcholine-stimulated human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that uric acid markedly decreases NO release. This finding was confirmed by organ bath experiments on mouse aortic segments. Uric acid dose-dependently reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. To reveal the mechanism of decreasing NO bioavailability we tested the effect of uric acid on reactive oxygen species production by HUVECs, on arginase activity, and on acetylcholine-induced endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. It was found that uric acid increases arginase activity and reduces endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation. Interestingly, uric acid significantly increased intracellular superoxide formation. In conclusion, uric acid decreases NO bioavailability by means of multiple mechanisms. This finding supports the idea of a causal association between hyperuricaemia and cardiovascular risk. 相似文献
64.
Genshiro Kawai Yonosuke Ikeda 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1982,719(3):612-618
Isolation and identification of substances having an activity to stimulate the fruiting body formation of Schizophyllum commune were attempted. The active principles in its mycelia were divided into four fractions by sequential purification with silica gel column and reverse-phase HPLC column chromatography. By infrared spectra and thin-layer chromatography, the active substances in these four fractions were revealed as cerebrosides. About 0.1 μg of the cerebroside fractions showed a discriminative stimulating activity on S. commune when tested by the method these authors adopted. The active substance in the fraction II was N-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl-1-O-glucosyl-nonadecasphingadienine. The cerebrosides from pea seeds and Fusicoccum amygdali showed the similar activity on S. commune, but some commercial synthetic cerebrosides and cerebrosides from bovine and porcine brains exhibited no stimulating activity. Only definite cerebrosides with special structures seem to be able to induce the fruiting of S. commune. 相似文献
65.
Sisinthy Shivaji 《Bioscience reports》1988,8(6):609-618
Proteins present in the seminal plasma of mammals are known to influence functions associated with ejaculated spermatozoa such as motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilising ability. The proteins isolated and characterised so far influence only one of the above functions of spermatozoa. Seminalplasmin, a protein isolated from the seminal plasma of bull is exceptional in that it influences many of the above spermatozoal functions. It is also a potent antimicrobial protein and capable of lysing microbial and mammalian cells. The physiological function of seminalplasmin as nature's own antifertility agent is discussed. 相似文献
66.
A spatio-temporal individual-based model (IBM), including bioenergetic principles, is used to investigate how energy costs coupled to activity represent a variable fraction in a heterogeneous environment and how this is related to another energetic criterion, the potential individual growth, under the conditions of a structured environment. With this approach, it is possible to connect simulated spatio-temporal activity patterns with the energetic needs required for these activities. By using simple foraging rules and a modified random walk model it is possible to reproduce spatial distributions and length frequency distributions. The simulated spatial distribution of roach Rutilus rutilus in Lake Belau, Germany, results in a mean weekly activity multiplier [(standard metabolic rate + activity costs) (standard metabolic rate)−1 ] of 1–9 with deviations >100% during a simulated year. These deviations are of key importance to differences in the growth rate of individual simulated roach. 相似文献
67.
Abstract. Haemagglutination activity was studied in last larval instars, pupae and adults of both sexes of the Culex pipiens mosquito complex. In females of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, an anautogenous member of C. pipiens complex, activity was detected in the homogenate of the head‐thorax complex, gut and remaining abdomen (after removing the gut), before and after sucking water, glucose solution or blood. Similar investigations were made in females of autogenous Culex pipiens molestus Forskal, a member of the same mosquito complex. The results were compared with data obtained for males of these subspecies, plus the larvae and pupae. The results show that haemagglutination activity in adult females depends not on the sucking of blood, but on the age of the females. In newly emerged females, the level of activity was very low, but after 24 h or 48 h of activity was highly enhanced, even in females that had no possibility to suck water or other liquids including blood. Furthermore, in C. p. molestus, the haemagglutination activity does not change in hungry or engorged females, and a high level of activity was found in the gut of last larval instars, a developmental stage that never takes blood. Treatment with methoprene reduces haemagglutination activity in both sexes, but 20‐hydroxycdysone application decreased activity in the gut of females. It is suggested that haemagglutination activity may be regulated indirectly by the endocrine system. The possibility that haemagglutination activity may depend on some aspect of the digestive system that has no direct connection to blood uptake is discussed. In addition, the activity may be important not only for the elimination of infections, but also for the processing of food and the utilization and transport of nutrients. 相似文献
68.
69.
Wilkinson 《Ecology letters》1999,2(4):207-209
The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is well known. Here I describe possible mechanisms by which an increased rate of re-colonization of vertebrate guts by microbes caused by antibiotic use could lead to selection for increased virulence in currently mutualistic or benign microbes. The importance of understanding both the source and the frequency of colonization in such mutualisms is stressed and the possible importance of pseudo-vertical transmission in the evolution of these systems is discussed. A number of areas requiring experimental investigation are identified. 相似文献
70.
The daily activity of the slug Arion lusitanicus was studied using time‐lapse video analysis in the laboratory. Under constant temperature (18°C) and 16–h photoperiod, the activity of slugs was measured in half‐hourly periods as locomotor activity, feeding or resting. Track lengths were determined using image analysis. Locomotion of A. lusitanicus was greatest at 5:30, 1.5 h after sunrise, and at 20:30, 1 h after sunset; least locomotor activity occurred between 13:00 and 14:00. The mean distance travelled by A. lusitanicus in 24 h was 10.8 m. The largest slug was the most active and the smallest the least. Slugs spent 68% of 24 hours resting, mainly under artificial shelter traps, 27% in locomotion and 4% feeding. Feeding occurred mainly during the hours of dakness (76%). All categories of behaviour investigated varied greatly between individuals and also between times of day. Homing to artificial shelters and other roost sites was regularly observed within 24 h (41%), but decreased considerably thereafter. The behavioural patterns proved to be in agreement with those found in a previous field investigation and are therefore also discussed with a view to their importance in pest control. 相似文献