中国蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

报道采自东北地区1新种,刺毛蚋S.(S.)siculum sp.nov.,该种隶属于蚋属蚋亚属的淡足蚋组Simulium malyschevi-group.新种主要特征是幼虫第6至8腹节密被分枝扁毛,雌虫食窦无疣突,雄虫抱肢端节基背突仅具强毛而无刺.据此综合特征可与已知的近缘种相区别.     

中国长白山蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述长白山蚋属蚋亚属Simulium(Simulium)土根蚋组tuberosum-group 1新种.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.皱板蚋,新种Simulium(Simulium) rugosum sp.nov.(图1～14)隶属于蚋科蚋属蚋亚属土根蚋组,主要特征是雄虫生殖腹板马鞍形,侧突中凹,具半圆形腹中突,板体具众多皱纹,与报告自西伯利亚的S.(S.)gugatum (Boldarueva)近似,但后者(根据Yankovsky,2002的描述和附图)仅知雄虫和蛹,其雄虫足色,中骨形状,阳基侧突钩数以及蛹呼吸丝形状和茧编织疏松等特征与新种有明显差异.正模♀,吉林长白山(42° 10′N,100°20′E;海拔2 051 m).副模:6♀♀,3♂♂,12蛹,6幼虫,同正模,吴慧、黄若洋采.词源:新种种名以其雄性生殖腹板具众多皱纹而命名.     

中国四川碧峰峡蚋属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述碧峰峡蚋属蚋亚属Simulium(Simulium)多条蚋组multistritum-group 1新种.模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.碧峰峡蚋,新种S.(S.) bifengxiaense sp. nov.（图1～16）隶属于蚋属蚋亚属多条蚋组.主要特征是雄虫生殖腹板梨形, 后缘钝圆,具舌状腹突和众多细毛.根据这一独具特征结合其它虫态的综合特征可与该组已知近缘种相区别.正模♀;副模：5♀♀,7 ♂ ♂,21蛹,9幼虫.四川碧峰峡（30°09′N,102°99′E;海拔1 150m）,2003-09-10,黄丽、张春林采.词源：新种种名源自模式标本产地地名.     

Insular black files (Diptera: Simuliidae) of North America: tests of colonization hypotheses

Aim To understand factors that facilitate insular colonization by black flies, we tested six hypotheses related to life‐history traits, phylogeny, symbiotes, island area, and distance from source areas. Location Four northern islands, all within 150 km of the North American mainland, were included in the study: Isle Royale, Magdalen Islands, Prince Edward Island, and Queen Charlotte Islands. Methods Immature black flies and their symbiotes were surveyed in streams on the Magdalen Islands, and the results combined with data from similar surveys on Isle Royale, Prince Edward Island, and the Queen Charlotte Islands. Black flies were analysed chromosomally to ensure that all sibling species were revealed. Tests of independence were used to examine the frequency of life‐history traits and generic representation of black flies on islands vs. source areas. Results A total of 13–20 species was found on each of the islands, but no species was unique to any of the islands. The simuliid faunas of the islands reflected the composition of their source areas in aspects of voltinism (univoltine vs. multivoltine), blood feeding (ornithophily vs. mammalophily), and phylogeny (genus Simulium vs. other genera). Five symbiotic species were found on the most distant island group, the Magdalen Islands, supporting the hypothesis that obligate symbiotes are effectively transported to near‐mainland islands. An inverse relationship existed between the number of species per island and distance from the source. The Queen Charlotte Islands did not conform to the species–area relationship. Main conclusions The lack of precinctive insular species and an absence of life‐history and phylogenetic characteristics related to the presence of black flies on these islands argue for gene flow and dispersal capabilities of black flies over open waters, possibly aided by winds. However, the high frequency of precinctive species on islands 500 km or more from the nearest mainland indicates that at some distance beyond 100 km, open water provides a significant barrier to colonization and gene exchange. An inverse relationship between number of species and distance from the source suggests that as long as suitable habitat is present, distance plays an important role in colonization. Failure of the Queen Charlotte Islands to conform to an area–richness trend suggests that not all resident species have been found.     

四川山蚋亚属一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记述采自四川黑水县卡龙沟蚋科1新种,新种与泰山山蚋S.(M.)taishanense、林芝山蚋S.(M.)finzhiense、线丝山蚋s.(M.)nemorivagum和塔吉克山蚋s.(M.)kirgisorum近似,均具简单的蛹茧和12条呼吸丝,排列为2,3,3,4,但可依其蛹呼吸丝具极短的初级茎和次级茎,雄性生殖腹板侧缘具亚中突起等特征加以区别.     

湖北省神农架蚋类记要并记述二新种(双翅目,蚋科)

报告湖北省神农架蚋类并记述蚋属2新种,模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。 红坪蚋．新种S．（S．）hongpingense sp．nov．（图1～14） 新种隶属于蚋亚属灰额蚋组griseifrons-group。与福州蚋、优分蚋极为相似,但可根据下列综合特征如蛹茧具前侧窗,特殊的盾饰,以及雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状与上述2近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模2♂♂,4蛹,3幼虫,幼虫和蛹采自湖北省神农架自然保护区红坪小溪中的水草。 小龙潭蚋．新种S．（S．）xiaolongtanense sp．nov．（图15～29） 新种隶属于蚋亚属多条蚋组multistriatum group．,新种与蚋亚属的崎岛蚋、重庆蚋、钩突蚋、包氏蚋、地记蚋等近缘,然而,可通过雄虫的生殖腹板形状、生殖肢端节无端刺但具短的基内突与近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模1♀,3♂♂,12蛹及8幼虫,均采自湖北神龙架溪流被水淹没的水草及落叶中。     

Agricultural land use and black fly (Diptera,Simuliidae) species richness and species assemblages in tropical streams,Northeastern Thailand

Habitat degradation through agricultural land use is the major factor threatening lotic ecosystems. Although black flies are major components of these ecosystems, the impact of agricultural land use on species diversity and species assemblages has been largely ignored in tropical streams of the Oriental region. The objectives of this study are to examine patterns of species distribution and species richness and to compare black fly species richness and species assemblages in forest and agricultural streams in Thailand. A total of 143 collections were made from 70 stream sites between June 2007 and May 2008. Whereas 19 black fly species found in these collections were all found in forest sites, only 13 species were found in agricultural sites. High species richness was associated with larger, faster, and cooler streams with larger streambed particles and the presence of riparian trees. Logistic regression analyses revealed that stream size, velocity, and riparian vegetation are among the most important factors determining patterns of spatial distribution. The results are largely consistent with studies in other zoogeographic regions, suggesting the existence of general rules for black fly species distributions. Comparisons of the physicochemical conditions between forest and agricultural streams indicated that streams in agricultural areas are warmer, with higher conductivity and fewer riparian trees. Species richness was significantly higher in forest than in agricultural streams (t = 3.61, P < 0.001). Streams in forest areas were predominantly occupied by S. siamense (73%) but other species were also found at a relatively high frequency (>20%) of the sampling sites. In contrast, streams in agricultural areas were predominantly occupied by S. aureohirtum (>80%) among the sole black fly species at 27% of the sites. The results indicate that agricultural land use has a significantly detrimental impact on black fly diversity and species assemblages. Handling editor: D. Dudgeon     

Nondestructive DNA extraction from blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): retaining voucher specimens for DNA barcoding projects

A nondestructive, chemical-free method is presented for the extraction of DNA from small insects. Blackflies were submerged in sterile, distilled water and sonicated for varying lengths of time to provide DNA which was assessed in terms of quantity, purity and amplification efficiency. A verified DNA barcode was produced from DNA extracted from blackfly larvae, pupae and adult specimens. A 60-second sonication period was found to release the highest quality and quantity of DNA although the amplification efficiency was found to be similar regardless of sonication time. Overall, a 66% amplification efficiency was observed. Examination of post-sonicated material confirmed retention of morphological characters. Sonication was found to be a reliable DNA extraction approach for barcoding, providing sufficient quality template for polymerase chain reaction amplification as well as retaining the voucher specimen for post-barcoding morphological evaluation.     

中国西双版纳蚋类纪要及一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

记载西双版纳自然保护区蚋类16种,隶属于蚋属Simulium的3亚属,其中包括1个中国新纪录种和3个待定种,并记述1新种,版纳绳蚋S．(G．)bannaense sp．nov．。该新种蛹具10条呼吸丝,与其已知4个近缘种即重庆绳蚋S．(G)chongqingense以及产白爪哇的S．(G．)batoense、产自印尼的S．(G．)atratoides和产自菲律宾的S．(G．)bi-colense等在形态学上有明显的种间差异。     

中国蚋属蚋亚属盾纹组分类记要并三新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记载中国蚋属蚋亚属盾纹蚋组Simulium striatum-group)计8种。其中包括1新纪录种。泰国蚋S.(s.)thai-landieumTakaoka et Suzuki,1984和3新种：即坝河蚋S.(S.)bahense sp.nov,勐腊蚋S.(s.)menglaense sp.nov和五指山蚋S.(s.)wuzhishanense sp.nov,分别以其产地命名,文中对其不同虫期进行描述并与其近缘种进行分类讨论,模式标本均存放于贵阳医学院生物教研室。