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151.
贺兰山主要森林水文作用的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
贺兰山主要森林水文作用的初步研究徐万仁,张永庆(宁夏科委,银川750001)(宁夏农学院,永宁750105)杜和平,李丽英(宁夏贺兰山自然保护区管理局,银川750003)(宁夏惠农县林业局,753200)PreliminaryStudyonHydro... 相似文献
152.
153.
Ilse Storch 《Oecologia》1993,95(2):257-265
The use of habitat by female and male adult capercaillie Tetrao urogallus during summer and autumn was studied by comparing the distribution of radio locations of birds with the availability of habitat at forest stand, home range and landscape level in an area of the Bavarian Alps, Germany. Capercaillie preferred forests with structural features typical of their main distribution range, the boreal forest: they selected large patches of old forest with moderate canopy cover of about 50%, and a well developed field layer with high proportions of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus. Hens selected both home ranges and sites within home ranges in old forest. Ranges selected by cocks did not differ from availability in the study area, but they preferred old forest within their ranges. The size of home ranges was negatively related to bilberry cover both in hens and cocks. The distribution of bilberry also determined habitat use by capercaillie at the landscape scale. The study demonstrated that bilberry is the major determinant of the selection of habitat by capercaillie in landscapes with sparse and fragmentary cover of ericaceous shrubs, such as central Europe. 相似文献
154.
W. De Boer P. J. A. Klein Gunnewiek R. A. Kester A. Tietema H. J. Laanbroek 《Plant and Soil》1993,149(2):292-296
The effectiveness of acetylene (C2H2) as inhibitor of nitrification was studied in relation to the decomposition of C2H2. This was done by examining the effects of single and multiple additions of different C2H2 concentrations (10, 100, 1000 Pa) on mineral N and NO3
–-N production in samples of the organic (FH) and upper mineral (Ah) layer of an acid oak-beech forest soil. The decomposition of C2H2 was much faster in Ah samples than in FH samples. A single addition of 10 Pa C2H2 was not sufficient for complete inhibition of nitrification in the Ah samples. Nitrification was blocked completely by all other C2H2 treatments in both FH and Ah samples. Addition of C2H2 decreased net mineral N production in Ah samples but not in FH samples. Addition of carboxymethyl-cellulose and chitin to Ah soil had no affect on the rate of decomposition of C2H2. Chitin had a negative effect on net NO3
–-N production. 相似文献
155.
Field measures of tree and shrub dimensions were used with established biomass equations in a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling design to estimate above-ground ovendry woody biomass and carbon storage of the eastern deciduous forest of North America. Biomass averaged 8.1 ± 1.4 (95% C.I.) kg/m2 and totaled 18.1 ± 3.1 (95% C.I.) gigatons. Carbon storage averaged 3.6 ± 0.6 (95% C.I.) kg/m2 and totaled 8.1 ± 1.4 (95% C.I.) gigatons. These values are lower than previous estimates commonly used in the analysis of the global carbon budget which range from 17.1 to 23.1 kg/m2 for biomass and 7.7 to 10.4 kg/m2 for carbon storage. These new estimates for the deciduous forest, together with earlier work in the boreal forest begin to reveal a pattern of overestimation of global carbon storage by vegetation in analyses of the global carbon budget. We discuss reasons for the differences between the new and earlier estimates, as well as implications for our understanding of the global carbon cycle. 相似文献
156.
Stomatal and environmental control of transpiration in a lowland tropical forest tree 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
F. C. MEINZER G. GOLDSTEIN N. M. HOLBROOK P. JACKSON J. CAVELIER 《Plant, cell & environment》1993,16(4):429-436
Stomatal control of crown transpiration was studied in Anacardium excelsum, a large-leaved, emergent canopy species common in the moist forests of Central and northern South America. A construction crane equipped with a gondola was used to gain access to the uppermost level in the crown of a 35-m-tall individual. Stomatal conductance at the single leaf scale, and transpiration and total vapour phase conductance (stomatal and boundary layer) at the branch scale were measured simultaneously using the independent techniques of porometry and stem heat balance, respectively. This permitted the sensitivity of transpiration to a marginal change in stomatal conductance to be evaluated using a dimensionless coupling coefficient (1-ω) ranging from zero to 1, with 1 representing maximal stomatal control of transpiration. Average stomatal conductance varied from 0.09 mol m?2 s?1 during the dry season to 0.3 mol m?2 s?1 during the wet season. Since boundary layer conductance was relatively low (0.4 mol m?2 s?1), 1-ω ranged from 0.46 during the dry season to only 0.25 during the wet season. A pronounced stomatal response to humidity was observed, which strongly limited transpiration as evaporative demand increased. The stomatal response to humidity was apparent only when the leaf surface was used as the reference point for measurement of external vapour pressure. Average transpiration was predicted to be nearly the same during the dry and wet seasons despite a 1 kPa difference in the prevailing leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference. The patterns of stomatal behaviour and transpiration observed were consistent with recent proposals that stomatal responses to humidity are based on sensing the transpiration rate itself. 相似文献
157.
R. T. Busing 《Plant Ecology》1994,115(1):19-27
Relationships between canopy cover and tree regeneration were determined for various species in cove forests of the Great Smoky Mountains. Old-growth stands were sampled with six plots covering a total area of 4.8 ha. Each plot was subdivided into contiguous 10×10 m quadrats. Canopy cover overlying each of the 480 quadrats was characterized with three different indices based on visual estimates of cover. Influences of: (1) overlying cover, (2) proximate openings, and (3) total area of proximate openings on quadrat regeneration densities were determined. Most species reproducing by seed and some species reproducing by vegetative means had higher densities in quadrats with openings, but only the intolerants were highly dependent on gaps. Tsuga canadensis, a very shade-tolerant species, was one of the few species with abundant regeneration beneath dense canopy cover. In general, understory areas near gaps had somewhat higher regeneration densities than other areas with overlying cover. Several shade-tolerant species showed a positive regeneration density response to canopy openings and an ability to regenerate in gaps 0.01–0.03 ha in area. These openings were too small for intolerant species. Many species exhibited a positive response to total size of the proximate opening(s). A sharp increase in regeneration density with area of the opening(s) was evident at approximately 0.04 ha for the shade-intolerant species. 相似文献
158.
R. J. FENSHAM 《Austral ecology》1994,19(2):189-196
Abstract Sucking insects constituted 79% of all phytophagous insects collected from woody sprouts in the ground layer of a tropical eucalypt forest. Mobile insect groups such as non-psyllid Hemiptera and Orthoptera were relatively frequent in this environment compared to temperate, Eucalyptus-dominated vegetation. The high fire frequency of the tropical eucalypt forest may favour mobile insect groups. The capture of sucking insects and caterpillars peaked in dry season samples. Other patterns of abundance of phytophagous insect groups showed little consistency in their seasonal trends between host species or between vegetation types within host species. Disparities between chewing insect abundance in daytime samples and the damage chewing insects cause, may result from disproportionate consumption by large, mainly nocturnal insects, such as members of the Orthoptera. In this study, 21% of insect species were specialists on single plant species. This study suggested that insect abundance reflected the growth patterns of woody sprouts after regular burning, rather than that plant growth and development were tuned to the pressures of insect herbivory. 相似文献
159.
160.