SmGGPPS2对丹参酮合成的影响

香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合酶(GGPPS)是植物二萜类次生代谢物合成过程中的重要调控位点。在药用模式植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)中, GGPPS基因家族成员SmGGPPS2的生物学功能及其在丹参酮有效成分合成过程中的作用尚不明确。分别在丹参植株中过表达和RNA干涉SmGGPPS2基因, 并对转基因丹参中丹参酮含量和丹参酮合成相关基因表达量 以及转基因植物生理指标进行检测, 结果表明, 过表达SmGGPPS2株系中的丹参酮IIA和铁锈醇等脂溶性成分含量高于野生型; RNA干涉SmGGPPS2株系中的丹参酮IIA和铁锈醇等脂溶性成分含量均低于野生型。调节表达SmGGPPS2后, 丹参株系中SmHMGR1和SmCPS1等多个关键酶基因的表达都呈现明显的变化。此外, 调节表达SmGGPPS2还影响丹参植株抗性。以上结果表明, SmGGPPS2在丹参酮等萜类物质的合成中起重要的调控作用。     

ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样法比较陕西五个不同地区丹参的化学成分差异（英文）

该研究采用ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样分析法对陕西商州、洛南、大荔、丹凤和铜川等五个地区丹参的化学成分进行了比较分析,通过丹参水溶性和脂溶性成分的质谱丰度差异评价了不同地区丹参化学成分含量的变化,对不同产地丹参的化学成分进行了鉴定,综合分析选出了最优的丹参种植产地。结果表明:五地丹参均含有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、二氢丹参酮、丹参酚酮、次丹参醌、丹参醌Ⅱ等9种脂溶性化学成分和丹参素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸、原紫草酸、紫草酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B等9种水溶性化学成分,其中丹参素钠、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和隐丹参酮的含量普遍较高,质谱丰度均大于30%。但是,随着种植环境不同,不同地区丹参的化学成分含量差异很大,如商州产丹参中含有较多具有生物活性的丹参酮类物质,其中丹参酮Ⅰ含量远远高于其他四个产地,质谱丰度达到72.6%,而其他地区丹参酮Ⅰ的质谱丰度为1.8%～11.3%。这表明丹参质量按照地区排序为商州>铜川>大荔>洛南>丹凤。该方法为中药药材质量评价提供了科学、可靠、便捷的途径,为药材规格等级的制定提供了新途径,为陕西丹参种植区域的选择提供了重要信息。     

ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样法比较陕西五个不同地区丹参的化学成分差异

该研究采用ESI-Q-TOF-MS直接进样分析法对陕西商州、洛南、大荔、丹凤和铜川等五个地区丹参的化学成分进行了比较分析,通过丹参水溶性和脂溶性成分的质谱丰度差异评价了不同地区丹参化学成分含量的变化,对不同产地丹参的化学成分进行了鉴定,综合分析选出了最优的丹参种植产地。结果表明:五地丹参均含有丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ、二氢丹参酮、丹参酚酮、次丹参醌、丹参醌Ⅱ等9种脂溶性化学成分和丹参素、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、迷迭香酸、原紫草酸、紫草酸、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B等9种水溶性化学成分,其中丹参素钠、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和隐丹参酮的含量普遍较高,质谱丰度均大于30%。但是,随着种植环境不同,不同地区丹参的化学成分含量差异很大,如商州产丹参中含有较多具有生物活性的丹参酮类物质,其中丹参酮Ⅰ含量远远高于其他四个产地,质谱丰度达到72.6%,而其他地区丹参酮Ⅰ的质谱丰度为1.8%～11.3%。这表明丹参质量按照地区排序为商州>铜川>大荔>洛南>丹凤。该方法为中药药材质量评价提供了科学、可靠、便捷的途径,为药材规格等级的制定提供了新途径,为陕西丹参种植区域的选择提供了重要信息。     

Isolation and chemical modification of clerodane diterpenoids from Salvia species as potential agonists at the kappa-opioid receptor

The clerodane diterpenoid salvinorin A (1), the main active component of the psychotropic herb Salvia divinorum, has been reported to be a potent agonist at the kappa-opioid receptor. Computer modeling suggested that splendidin (2) from S. splendens, as well as related compounds, might possess similar activities. In the present study, this hypothesis was tested by determination of the binding properties of a series of structural congeners, compounds 2-8, at the mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors. However, none of these compounds showed significant binding to any of the opioid-receptor subtypes, thus disproving the above hypothesis. The novel compounds 7 and 8 were obtained semi-synthetically by selective modification of salvifarin (5), isolated from Salvia farinacea, upon epoxide-ring opening with AcOH in the presence of indium(III) triflate. Also, the X-ray crystal structure of salvifaricin (6; Fig.), obtained from S. farinacea, was determined for the first time and used, in combination with in-depth NMR experiments, to elucidate the absolute configurations of the new products. Our experiments demonstrate that the relatively well-accessible diterpenoid 6 could be used as starting material for future studies into the structure-activity relationship at the kappa-opioid receptor.     

Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibits intimal hyperplasia and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits

Antioxidants that prevent low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation may inhibit atherosclerosis and post-angioplasty restenosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been shown to inhibit LDL oxidation and reduce atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The effects of SM on neointimal hyperplasia and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression after balloon injury were studied. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 2% cholesterol diet together with daily SM (4.8 gm/kg body wt.) treatment (SM; n=10) or without SM as a control (C; n=9) for 6 weeks. Probucol-treated (0.6 gm/kg body wt.) rabbits (P; n=9) were used as a positive control group. A balloon injury of the abdominal aorta was performed at the end of the third week. Aortas were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. The plasma cholesterol levels were lowered in SM group. The neointimal hyperplasia in abdominal aortas was significantly inhibited in SM group [neointima/media area ratio: 0.63+/-0.05 (SM) versus 0.78+/-0.05 (C); P < 0.05] and in P group [0.45+/-0.02 (P) versus 0.78+/-0.05 (C); P < 0.05] when compared with C group. SM treatment significantly reduced MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in balloon-injured abdominal aorta. These inhibitory effects on intimal response after balloon injury might be attributed to antioxidant capacity and cholesterol lowering effect of SM. SM treatment may offer some protection against post-angioplasty restenosis.     

低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的:观察低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法:按照随机原则将78例急性心肌梗死患者分成两组,在常规溶栓治疗的基础上,其中对照组39人采用低分子肝素治疗,治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予丹参注射液治疗,对两组临床费用、住院时间和冠脉再通进行评价。结果:治疗组的临床费用、住院时间和冠脉再通与对照组相比,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:低分子肝素联合丹参注射液治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

丹参生物工程的研究与开发

中药材的品质改良是中药现代化进程中的一个重要问题,现代生物工程技术是进行中药材品质改良的可行途径之一。对丹参的组织培养、毛状根诱导培养及基因工程等方面的最新进展作一综述,以期为利用生物工程技术遗传改良丹参品质提供一些参考。     

放线菌Act12与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响

探讨生防放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施对丹参生长及其根域微生态的影响。以常规移栽处理为对照,研究小区试验中放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾不同配施比例下对丹参生长、产量及抗根结线虫侵染的影响;并采用稀释平皿涂抹法测定丹参根区土壤、根表土壤、根外土壤及根系中细菌(B)、真菌(F)与放线菌(A)的数量,同时对优势细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分子生物学鉴定,研究放线菌菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理下丹参根域微生态变化。研究结果表明:1配施能增强菌剂对丹参的促生效果。菌剂与腐植酸钾配施T20处理丹参出苗率较对照提高8.7%,收获时的死亡率较对照减少39.0%;茎叶鲜质量、根鲜质量、单株根鲜质量、根干质量以及单株根干质量分别较对照增加6.1%、28.6%、11.1%、36.3%以及9.0%。2可以调整丹参植株根域土壤微生态平衡,降低有害微生物数量,增加有益微生物数量,改善微生物区系。在丹参根表土壤中,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理B/A值较对照降低78.4%,A/F值较对照增加95.0%。在丹参根系内,菌剂与腐植酸钾配施处理细菌数量较对照增加195.0%,未检测到真菌和放线菌存在。3在放线菌处理丹参根区、根表土壤中,有6株优势菌可能对丹参生长及抗病有益:3株优势细菌分别为硝基愈疮木胶节杆菌(Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus)、放射型根瘤菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)和弗雷德里克斯堡假单胞菌(Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis);3株优势放线菌分别为淀粉酶产色链霉菌(Streptomyces diastatochromogenes)、砖红链霉菌(S.lateritius)和卡伍尔链霉菌(S.cavourensis)。有2株优势菌疑为有害微生物:优势细菌为耐寒短杆菌(Brevibacterium frigoritolerans),优势放线菌为肿痂链霉菌(S.turgidiscabies)。这2种菌对其他作物的有害作用已有报道。4对丹参根结线虫侵染有强烈抑制作用,可使田间根结线虫侵染率降低49.3%。生防放线菌与腐植酸钾配施处理后能明显促进丹参生长,提高丹参产量及抗病虫能力,调节丹参根域微生态平衡。     

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 induces cardiac fibroblast migration, collagen and cytokine secretion: inhibition by salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Cardiac fibroblasts play the key role in cardiac function and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) is a well known contributor to the development of myocardial remodeling. However, the direct regulation of MMP-9 on the function of cardiac fibroblasts and the underlying mechanism are far from elucidation. In the present research, recombinant protein encoding catalytic domain of MMP-9 (MMP-9 CD) was constructed and the function of neonatal cardiac fibroblasts was investigated by cell proliferation assay, migration assay, picrosirius red assay, multiplex cytokine assay and fibroblast phenotype detection. 200 nM MMP-9 CD stimulated cardiac fibroblasts migration (169.4±22.5% versus 100±0%, p<0.01), increased collagen synthesis (1.5±0.2 fold, p<0.05), up-regulated the secretion of ICAM (574.0±40.1 versus 268.5±8.6pg/ml, p<0.01), TNF-α (192.6±11.0 versus 14.4±1.8pg/ml, p<0.001), IL-6 (1500.9±70.2 versus 323.4±40.6pg/ml, p<0.001) and sVCAM-1 (30.3±4.3 versus 7.0±0.1 pg/ml, p<0.05) and down-regulated VEGF (436.5±148.9 versus 1034.3±28.1 pg/ml, p<0.05) significantly with modest effects on proliferation. Accompanying with these regulations, transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblast was confirmed by immunofluorescent stain of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) with MMP-9 CD treatment. Furthermore, salvianolic acid B (SalB) inhibited the effects of MMP-9 CD significantly. In conclusion, our results provide evidence for a direct influence of MMP-9 on cardiac fibroblast migration, collagen and cytokine secretion, which can be attenuated by SalB.