全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4189篇 |
免费 | 245篇 |
国内免费 | 181篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 50篇 |
2021年 | 99篇 |
2020年 | 92篇 |
2019年 | 100篇 |
2018年 | 94篇 |
2017年 | 103篇 |
2016年 | 130篇 |
2015年 | 172篇 |
2014年 | 220篇 |
2013年 | 256篇 |
2012年 | 177篇 |
2011年 | 156篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 291篇 |
2008年 | 268篇 |
2007年 | 256篇 |
2006年 | 278篇 |
2005年 | 236篇 |
2004年 | 155篇 |
2003年 | 155篇 |
2002年 | 140篇 |
2001年 | 112篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 102篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 85篇 |
1996年 | 86篇 |
1995年 | 69篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4615条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
81.
Stephen J Peroutka 《Current opinion in biotechnology》1997,8(6):688-691
The long anticipated ‘genetic revolution’ in neuropsychiatry has yet to have an impact on the practice of clinical medicine. Excitement in the 1980s over major genetic breakthroughs in schizophrenia and manic depression, for example, has been replaced in the late 1990s by the sobering realization that most common neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial. Despite considerable effort and resources, no ‘causative’ genetic variation has been identified that plays a definitive major role in any common neuropsychiatric disorder. 相似文献
82.
Isozymes and DNA markers in gene conservation of forest trees 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
THOMAS GEBUREK 《Biodiversity and Conservation》1997,6(12):1639-1654
For long-lived plants that have to cope with high temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity, genetic diversity is of
prime importance for species persistence. Detrimental anthropogenic impact on the gene pool of forest trees calls for conservation
of genetic resources. Potentials and limitations of isozymes and DNA markers in forest genetic conservation are reviewed.
These markers can contribute to conservation with respect to the delimitations of species and hybrid zones, as well as the
assessment of genetic diversity within and among populations. Markers are valuable to identify resource populations, since
today‘s genetic diversity in forest trees is predominantly the result of plant history (e.g. glacial refuges, migration).
Several suggestions have been put forward to optimize sampling of in situ or ex situ populations on the grounds of marker
data. Restraint in this area is recommended. Different types of genetic markers (terpenes, isozymes, nuclear and extrachromosomal
DNA polymorphisms) and quantitative traits yield different information about genetic diversity and population differentiation.
Hence identification of resource populations should not solely be based upon a certain marker type or on quantitative traits
alone. The capability of available markers to predict or assess adaptive potentials in forest tree populations is still very
limited.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
83.
Summary Recent availability of stable and well characterized selectable markers and ability to combine alien genomes parasexually have contributed to the development of molecular biology in higher plants, including gene expression and genetic manipulation.Several types of biochemical mutants (resistant to inhibitory concentrations of aminoacid(s) or aminoacid analogs as well as deficient for enzyme activity) have recently been isolated and characterized biochemically and genetically. Among them, mutants with alterations in the nitrogen and aminoacid metabolism, or in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenases are being used in the development of more efficient techniques of gene transfer.The manipulation of whole genomes by sexual or somatic cell fusion offers new potential in this field, but refinement of transfer techniques is desirable. The new set of selectable markers obtained through advanced cellular technology, as well as our ability to regenerate plants from manipulated cell lines are expected to play a major role in cellular engineering. 相似文献
84.
Mary Beverley-Burton 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1978,3(4):369-377
Synopsis The extent to which data concerning the population genetics of a parasite — namely larvalAnisakis simplex, may be used as an auxilliary source of information on various aspects of the marine migrations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is examined.Frequencies of the various acid phosphatase alleles could not be used in distinguishing between or estimating the proportions of North American and European salmon occurring off west Greenland. The genetic structure of larvae from salmon taken in Scotland was different from that taken in Ireland and England confirming an earlier conclusion that the feeding habits of the fish from Scotland were significantly different. In the western Atlantic, salmon from northern Newfoundland and also salmon from the Bay of Fundy had apparently ingested different populations (or different proportions of the same nematode population) than salmon from Miramachi and Chaleur Bay areas. Samples from northern Newfoundland and Labrador were also genetically different. These findings are discussed in relation to the available literature concerning salmon migrations, explanations are put forward and areas of future research suggested. 相似文献
85.
N. Saha R. A. Bayoumi F. S. El Sheikh A. P. W. Samuel I. El Fadil I. S. El Houri Z. A. Sebai H. M. A. Sabaa 《American journal of physical anthropology》1980,52(4):595-600
A total of 292 randomly selected subjects belonging to two indigenous Arab tribes (Harbi and Ghamid) and two immigrant tribes (Mograbi and Mowallad), residents in Western Saudi Arabia, have been tested for genetic variants of six blood groups, four serum proteins, and five red cell enzyme systems. The distribution of the polymorphic systems was different between indigenous and immigrant tribes, and the present Arab population shows a considerable degree of admixture from the surrounding countries, in particular Africa. 相似文献
86.
N. K. Paul 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1978,52(5):233-237
Summary The relative ability of cross- and self-pollen to achieve fertilisation in Brassica was studied by making double pollinations using cross-pollen carrying a dominant seedling marker gene. With simultaneous self- and crosspollination 12–40% self-seed was set, but when cross-pollen was applied to the stigma four hours before self-pollen, only 2–4% self-seed was obtained. In two plants to which cross-pollen was applied at various time intervals after self-pollen there was a tendency for the percentage of self-seed to increase as the time interval increased. In a third plant this trend was not apparent, probably because of a greater degree of self-incompatibility. The competitive advantage of the first pollen to arrive on the stigma is discussed in relation to the strength of the self-incompatibility and the sib problem in F1 hybrid brassicas. 相似文献
87.
V. S. Rickeman S. L. Desborough 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1978,52(4):187-190
Summary A modified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique is employed to resolve proteins for use as biochemical gene markers in potato. Dominant, duplicate dominant and complementary gene action are three modes of inheritance that adequately explain the segregation of three respective protein bands in two generations of crossing within diploid Phureja X haploid Tuberosum families.Scientific Journal Seires Article 10,171 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station 相似文献
88.
利用SSR分子标记对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis Rousi)自由授粉的种子进行父本分析,研究其子代的父本来源和花粉散布模式。结果显示:在80%的置信水平上,193个子代中有104个个体可以确定花粉来源;在20个确定的父本中,16个为中国沙棘,4个为肋果沙棘(H.neurocarpa S.W.Liu et T.N.He)。传粉格局分析结果显示,中国沙棘有效花粉散布范围为3~71 m,平均距离为20.4 m,2株母本分别有87.23%和78.95%的有效花粉来自距其30 m的范围之内,研究结果表明中国沙棘自然种群以近距离传粉为主。此外,在黑河上游沙棘杂交带中,中国沙棘子代中的肋果沙棘花粉平均贡献率达到14.84%,表明中国沙棘与肋果沙棘存在较高的种间当代花粉流。 相似文献
89.
The segregation of the 75K gamma secalin locus (Sec-2) in combination with five interchanges (reciprocal translocations) and two marker genes was analyzed. The translocations involved chromosome arms 1RL, 1RS, 2RL, 2RS, 4RL, 5RL, 5RS, 6RL and 6RS. The gene loci were both on 2R, but the arm was not known. Although the Sec-2 locus was expected to be on chromosome 2RS, no linkage between Sec-2 and any of the markers was found. This is concluded to be the result of exceptionally frequent recombination between Sec-2 and the break point of one of the translocations, which is the only marker in 2RS. 相似文献
90.
Molecular characterisation of inter and intra-specific somatic hybrids of potato using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Eileen Baird Stephanie Cooper-Bland Robbie Waugh Michael DeMaine Wayne Powell 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1992,233(3):469-475
Summary Protoplast fusion allows the transfer of both mono- and polygenic traits between species that are sexually incompatible. This approach has particular relevance for potato, and somatic hybridisation has been used to introduce a range of disease resistance genes from sexually incompatible wild species into the cultivated potato gene pool. In addition, protoplast fusion allows the resynthesis of tetraploid genotypes from pre-selected diploid or dihaploid donor parents. A limiting factor for the efficient exploitation of this technology in potato breeding is the difficulty of unequivocally identifying nuclear hybrids (heterokaryons). In order to facilitate the identification of hybrids at an early stage following fusion, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs) have been used to characterise molecularly both inter- and intra-specific somatic hybrids of potato. RAPD markers detect naturally occurring polymorphism in the donor genotypes and utilise short oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence in combination with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The exploitation of RAPDs in the characterisation of both somatic and sexual hybrids is discussed. 相似文献