丹参配伍三七和川芎不同提取工艺对丹参酮ⅡA含量的影响

目的：丹参分别配伍三七和川芎经水煎煮和70%乙醇回流后,检测丹参酮ⅡA含量的变化,探究配伍提取后对丹参中可检测成分含量的转移规律。方法：丹参,丹参＋三七,丹参＋川芎,丹参＋三七＋川芎分别水煎煮、70%乙醇回流提取后,用TLC和HPLC方法检测丹参酮ⅡA含量。结果：①全部水煎煮物中基本不含丹参酮ⅡA;②丹参单独醇回流和丹参＋川芎混合醇回流加入三七后,丹参酮ⅡA含量分别上升16.66%和54.97%;③丹参单独醇回流和丹参＋三七混合醇回流加入川芎后,丹参酮ⅡA含量分别下降57.34%和43.33%;④丹参单独醇回流加入三七＋川芎后,丹参酮ⅡА含量下降33.89%;结论：丹参配伍三七显现中药的＂相使＂药性;而川芎对丹参则是＂相恶＂药性,但三七可缓解川芎对丹参的＂相恶＂药性。     

土茯苓对高尿酸症小鼠肾损伤的防治作用

目的：观察土茯苓对高尿酸症小鼠肾功及血清尿酸的影响。方法：将昆明种小鼠分为正常对照组、模型对照组、土茯苓治疗组、别嘌呤醇治疗组,造模成功后分别给予土茯苓、别嘌呤醇灌胃,7d后检测各组大鼠血中肌酐（Cr）,尿素氮（Bun）、尿酸（UA）及黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）。结果：治疗7d后,与模型组相比,土茯苓治疗组大鼠血肌酐、尿素氮、血UA、XOD明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：土茯苓对高尿酸症小鼠肾功能有保护作用,对尿酸升高有明显的治疗作用。     

CCC and Prohexadione-Ca Enhance Rhizome Growth and Lateral Bud Production in Rhubarb (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rheum rhabarbarum</Emphasis> L.)

Accelerating rhizome growth is crucial to enhancing propagule production in rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) because the crop is propagated through rhizome divisions. This can be achieved through manipulating source-sink activity. This study tested the hypothesis that synthetic plant growth retardants Prohexadione-Ca and CCC enhance rhizome growth in rhubarb. Two different concentrations of these plant growth retardants and GA₃ (positive control) were foliarly applied on the cultivar German Wine at three stages of shoot growth under greenhouse conditions. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC favorably enhanced rhizome growth through suppressing shoot growth. CCC at 3000 mg L⁻¹ produced the best results and the effect was apparent when applied at 12 weeks after shoot emergence. The rhizome diameter, fresh weight, and the number of viable buds were enhanced significantly in plants sprayed with CCC 3000 mg L⁻¹. Both Prohexadione-Ca and CCC were equally effective in enhancing dry mass and starch allocation preferentially toward the rhizome. Prohexadione-Ca- and CCC-induced rhizome growth enhancement could possibly be due to their known role as GA biosynthesis inhibitors or through increasing photosynthetic efficiency and preferentially reallocating carbohydrates to the rhizome.     

不同海拔梯度糙皮桦和紫果云杉种子的萌发变异

对青藏高原东缘不同海拔梯度糙皮桦（Betula utilis）和紫果云杉（Picea purpurea）种子经低温贮藏后的萌发进行研究。结果表明: 1）糙皮桦和紫果云杉种子的萌发率和萌发速率随母体植株海拔的升高而增大;2）来自不同海拔的种群,种子的萌发率和萌发速率随低温贮藏时间的延长而增大,尤其是高海拔生境的糙皮桦种子经过较长时期的低温贮藏后（80或160 d,3 ℃～4 ℃）,萌发率达到最大（94%和90%）。说明海拔是造成种群间种子萌发能力差异的主要原因之一;不同时期的低温干燥贮藏也不同程度地影响种子的萌发行为,使生长在不同海拔梯度的种群能够通过调节种子的萌发时机降低幼苗建植的死亡风险,保障了物种延续。     

Age-specific seasonal storage dynamics of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> rhizomes: a preliminary study

Age-specific seasonal rhizome storage dynamics of a wetland stand of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. in Japan, were investigated from April to October 2000. For each sampling date, above- and below-ground biomass and age-specific rhizome bulk density, ?_rhiz were measured. Seven rhizome age classes were recognized, from <1 year to six years old, based on their position within the branching hierarchy as main criteria and rhizome color, condition of nodal sheaths and condition of the shoots attached to vertical rhizomes as secondary criteria. P. australis stand was moderately productive, having a net aerial and below-ground production of 1980 and 1240 g m^?2, respectively, and a maximum mean shoot height of 2.33 ± 0.12 m. In spring, shoot growth started at the expense of rhizome reserves, decreasing the rhizome biomass as well as ?_rhiz. Both parameters reached the seasonal minimum in May followed by a subsequent increase, indicating a translocation of reserves to rhizomes from shoots after they become self supporting. For each sampling date, ?_rhiz increased with rhizome age. Given that the quantity of reserves remobilized by the rhizomes for spring shoot growth, as assessed by the drop in bulk density from April to May, were positively correlated (r = 0.97, P < 0.05) with rhizome age, it is proposed that for spring shoot formation older rhizomes remobilize stored reserves more actively than younger ones. Given that the accumulation of rhizome reserves (rise in bulk density) from May to August, May to September or May to November was negatively correlated (r = 0.97, 0.92 and 0.87, respectively, P < 0.05) with rhizome age, it seemed possible that younger rhizomes were ‘recharged’ at a higher rate than older ones. These resource allocation mechanisms pertaining seasonal rhizome storage dynamics are of paramount importance in formulating management and conservation strategies of wetlands and aquatic habitats. Our results indicate that a harvest of above-ground biomass from May to June would be more effective in reducing the growth than a harvest in July to August or later, when rhizome reserves have already been replenished. However, the latter may remove a larger shoot bound nutrient stock, still preserving a healthy stand for the subsequent years.     

川芎叶精油的化学成分

用毛细管气相色谱和色谱-质谱-计算机联用系统对不同时期采摘的川芎叶精油化学成分进行了研究。从50m×0.25mm键合甲基硅酮弹性石英毛细管柱分离出来的202个和200个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出44个组分。其主要成分随采摘季节不同而有所不同。川芎有效成分之一——藁本内酯在早期(1986、3)采摘的叶精油中含量只有0.36％,而在较晚(1986、4)采摘的叶精油中达16.92％。     

罗汉果营养器官的结构

1.罗汉果根、茎、叶的结构与葫芦科其它植物大致相似;不同之处有三方面：(1)叶子主脉中维管束为5个：(2)叶子中有硅质细胞成群分布;(3)块根具异常次生生长;在次生木质部中围绕导管形成形成层,由之分化出多个具韧皮部与木质部的小维管束。2.叶中的硅质细胞分布于表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织中,多个细胞集合在一起。其细胞壁加厚并硅质化,细胞内容物消失。推测与增加叶子的支持力量有关。3.罗汉果雌株叶子上、下表皮气也数之比为0.04,雄株为0.03,比值均很低,同时根据叶的解剖结构推测罗汉果为C3植物。4.雌株叶子下表皮单位面积气孔数比雄株的多26%,差异很显著,值得进一步研究简化观察统计方法,以用于鉴别幼苗的性别。     

Patterns of Solidago altissima ramet growth and mortality: the role of below-ground ramet connections

Summary For the rhizomatous perennial, Solidago altissima, I identified clonal fragments in the field, mapped ramet spatial locations, and documented patterns of ramet recruitment, growth, and mortality. Parent ramet size influenced the size and number of daughter ramets produced, and small ramets had lower survivorship and fecundity than large ramets. Similarly, small rhizomes tended to develop into small ramets, and ramets that survived to produce daughter ramets had longer parent-daughter rhizome connections than ramets that did not survive. In addition, most ramets that died during the growing season were connected to (genetically identical) ramets that persisted. There were large size inequalities among rhizomes, ramets, and clonal fragments. Inequalities in the size of ramets increased during the early part of the growing season, then decreased at the end of the season; similar patterns were observed for the growth of clonal fragments. In both instances, the decrease in size inequality could be attributed to the mortality of small individuals (ramets or clonal fragments). I found little evidence that ramet size hierarchies were structured by intraspecific competition. For example, path analyses and randomization tests indicated that size variation among S. altissima ramets was influenced little by the size of their near neighbors (but was influenced by parent size and rhizome size). In addition, within-season variation for the relative size and growth rate of individual ramets led to poor correlations between early and final ramet size; this result suggests that there was no stable hierarchy of dominant and suppressed ramets. I discuss implications of my results for contrasting interpretations of clonal plant population dynamics.     

川芎,抚芎与藁本的花粉形态及其亲缘关系

本文讨论了我国传统中药伞形科藁本届Ligusticum L.植物藁本L. sinense、川芎L. sinense cv. Chuanxiong、抚芎L. sinense cv. Fuxiong的花粉形态及其相关性状,我们认为:川芎和抚芎与藁本相比,花粉形状变异很大,展示出明显的差异,但却仍然保留了藁本属矩形花粉类型的特征。其相关性状亦有不少相似性。因此,赞同将川芎、抚芎作为藁本的栽培变种。     

Clonal plasticity in response to nutrient availability in the pseudoannual herb,Trientalis europaea L.

Trientalis europaea plants were subjected to four levels of nutrient availability to test two hypotheses: (1) Clonal morphology of pseudoannuals with short-lived rhizomes is responsive to nutrient availability in terms of spacer length (a negative correlation expected) and branching intensity (a positive correlation expected), and (2) the size of the hibernacles of T. europaea shows a positive correlation with nutrient availability. The results support the first hypothesis, since the primary spacers of T. europaea were longer at lower nutrient levels while the branching intensity of the primary rhizomes increased at increasing nutrient supply. The second hypothesis was not confirmed, however; the plants produced fewer, but bigger hibernacles at lower levels of nutrient availability. The ecological significance of the results is discussed in the context of foraging for essential resources and habitat-related effects of hibernacle size on survival and establishment chances of daughter ramets.