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71.
云南阿昌族的红细胞血型分布 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
调查了102名云南阿昌族的ABO,NNSs,Rh和P系统的红细胞血型,结果表明,阿昌族的基因频率p(0.3874)是迄今国内调查过人群中的最高值,E(0.2459)和CDe(0.6936)基因或染色体频率较高,而S(0.0686)和P1(0.1089)频率较低;Ms(0.5950)连锁率高于Ns(0.3353);未发现SS和Rh(-D)阴性表现型。 相似文献
72.
甜菜碱对呼吸酶的保护效应 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
以菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)叶片为材料,研究了不同浓度的甜菜碱和NaCl对三羧酸循环、末端氧化和光呼吸的组成酶的活性的影响。与电解质NaCl不同,高浓度的甜菜碱对这些酶的活性是非抑制性的,并对NaCl的抑制作用有一定保护效应。甜菜碱是很好的有机渗透调节剂。这与甜菜碱在细胞质中起渗透调节作用,以及是无机渗透调节剂的配伍溶质的假设是一致的。 相似文献
73.
74.
Muhammad W. Raza C. Caroline Blackwell Marie M. Ogilvie Abdulrahman T. Saadi John Stewart Robert A. Elton Donald M. Weir 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1994,10(1):25-30
Abstract Viral glycoproteins G and F are expressed on the surface of cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We investigated the role of these proteins in the previously reported enhanced binding of Neisseria meningitidis to RSV-infected HEp-2 cells. Virus particles attached to bacteria were detected by immunofluorescence with flow cytometry. Binding of FITC-labelled bacteria to RSV-infected cells was significantly inhibited by monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein G. Unlabelled bacteria interfered with binding of the anti-G monoclonal antibody to these cells. These interactions were not found with a monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein F. We propose that glycoprotein G of RSV expressed on the surface of infected cells might act as an additional receptor for meningococci. 相似文献
75.
Barbara L. Randolph-Anderson John E. Boynton Nicholas W. Gillham Elizabeth H. Harris Anita M. Johnson Marie-Pierre Dorthu René F. Matagne 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1993,236(2-3):235-244
Summary The respiratory deficient dum-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii fails to grow in the dark because of a terminal 1.5 kb deletion in the linear 15.8 kb mitochondrial genome, which affects the apocytochrome b (CYB) gene. In contrast to the wild type where only mitochondrial genomes of monomer length are observed, the dum-1 genomes are present as a mixture of monomer and dimer length molecules. The mutant dimers appear to result from head-to-head fusions of two deleted molecules. Furthermore, mitochondrial genomes of dum-1 were also found to be unstable, with the extent of the deletion varying among single cell clones from the original mutant population. The dum-1 mutant also segregates, at a frequency of ca. 4% per generation, lethal minute colonies in which the original deletion now extends at least into the adjacent gene encoding subunit four of NAD dehydrogenase (ND4). We have used the dum-1 mutant as a recipient to demonstrate stable mitochondrial transformation in C. reinhardtii employing the biolistic method. After 4 to 8 weeks dark incubation, a total of 22 respiratory competent colonies were isolated from plates of dum-1 cells bombarded with C. reinhardtii mitochondrial DNA (frequency 7.3 × 10–7) and a single colony was isolated from plates bombarded with C. smithii mitochondrial DNA (frequency 0.8 × 10–7). No colonies were seen on control plates (frequency < 0.96 × 10–9). All transformants grew normally in the dark on acetate media; 22 transformants were homoplasmic for the wild-type mitochondrial genome typical of the C. reinhardtii donor. The single transformant obtained from the C. smithii donor had a recombinant mitochondrial genome containing the donor CYB gene and the diagnostic HpaI and XbaI restriction sites in the gene encoding subunit I of cytochrome oxidase (COI) from the C. reinhardtii recipient. The characteristic deletion fragments of the dum-1 recipient were not detected in any of the transformants. 相似文献
76.
Deborah Long June Swinburne Marta Martin Kate Wilson Eva Sundberg Karen Lee George Coupland 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1993,241(5-6):627-636
The Ac/Ds transposon system of maize shows low activity in Arabidopsis. However, fusion of the CaMV 35S promoter to the transposase gene (35S::TPase) increases the abundance of the single Ac mRNA encoded by Ac and increases the frequency of Ds excision. In the experiments reported here it is examined whether this high excision frequency is associated with efficient re-insertion of the transposon. This was measured by using a Ds that carried a hygromycin resistance gene (HPT) and was inserted within a streptomycin resistance gene (SPT). Excision of Ds therefore gives rise to streptomycin resistance, while hygromycin resistance is associated with the presence of a transposed Ds or with retention of the element at its original location. Self-fertilisation of most individuals heterozygous for Ds and 35S::TPase produced many streptomycin-resistant (strepr) progeny, but in many of these families a small proportion of strepr seedlings were also resistant to hygromycin (hygr). Nevertheless, 70% of families tested did give rise to at least one strepr, hygr seedling, and over 90% of these individuals carried a transposed Ds. In contrast, the Ac promoter fusion to the transposase gene (Ac::TPase) produced fewer streprhygr progeny, and only 53% of these carried a transposed Ds. However, a higher proportion of the strepr seedlings were also hygr than after activation by 35S::TPase. We also examined the genotype of strepr, hygr seedlings and demonstrated that after activation by 35S::TPase many of these were homozygous for the transposed Ds, while this did not occur after activation by Ac::TPase. From these and other data we conclude that excisions driven by 35S::TPase usually occur prior to floral development, and that although a low proportion of strepr progeny plants inherit a transposed Ds, those that do can be efficiently selected with an antibiotic resistance gene contained within the element. Our data have important implications for transposon tagging strategies in transgenic plants and these are discussed. 相似文献
77.
Noboru Sueoka 《Journal of molecular evolution》1993,37(2):137-153
Using a general form of the directional mutation theory, this paper analyzes the effect of mutations in mutator genes on the
G + C content of DNA, the frequency of substitution mutations, and evolutionary changes (cumulative mutations) under various
degrees of selective constraints. Directional mutation theory predicts that when the mutational bias between A/T and G/C nucleotide
pairs is equilibrated with the base composition of a neutral set of DNA nucleotides, the mutation frequency per gene will
be much lower than the frequency immediately after the mutator mutation takes place. This prediction explains the wide variation
of the DNA G + C content among unicellular organisms and possibly also the wide intragenomic heterogeneity of third codon
positions for the genes of multicellular eukaryotes. The present analyses lead to several predictions that are not consistent
with a number of the frequently held assumptions in the field of molecular evolution, including belief in a constant rate
of evolution, symmetric branching of phylogenetic trees, the generality of higher mutation frequency for neutral sets of nucleotides,
the notion that mutator mutations are generally deleterious because of their high mutation rates, and teleological explanations
of DNA base composition.
Presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop onGenome Organization and Evolution, Spetsai, Greece, 16–22 September 1992 相似文献
78.
Jo Smith Lars Mc Naughton 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1993,67(5):420-425
This experiment investigated the effects of intensity of exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in eight trained men and eight women. Three exercise intensities were employed 40%, 50%, and 70% of the predetermined maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). All ventilation measured was undertaken with a standard, calibrated, open circuit spirometry system. No differences in the 40%, 50% and 70% VO2max trials were observed among resting levels of oxygen consumption (V02) for either the men or the women. The men had significantly higher resting VO2 values being 0.31 (SEM 0.01) 1·min–1 than did the women, 0.26 (SEM 0.01) 1·min–1 (P < 0.05). The results indicated that there were highly significant EPOC for both the men and the women during the 3-h postexercise period when compared with resting levels and that these were dependent upon the exercise intensity employed. The duration of EPOC differed between the men and the women but increased with exercise intensity: for the men 40% – 31.2 min; 50% – 42.1 min; and 70% – 47.6 min and for the women, 40% – 26.9 min; 50% – 35.6 min; and 70% – 39.1 min. The highest EPOC, in terms of both time and energy utilised was at 70% VO2max. The regression equation for the men, where y=O2 in litres, and x=exercise intensity as a percentage of maximum was y=0.380x + 1.9 (r
2=0.968) and for the women is y=0.374x–0.857 (r
2=0.825). These findings would indicate that the men and the women had to exercise at the same percentage of their VO2max to achieve the maximal benefits in terms of energy expenditure and hence body mass loss. However, it was shown that a significant EPOC can be achieved at moderate to low exercise intensities but without the same body mass loss and energy expenditure. 相似文献
79.
D. Massicotte F. Péronnet C. Pitre E. Adopo G. R. Brisson C. Hillaire-Marcell 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1993,67(5):402-407
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the well-documented changes in background 13C enrichment of expired CO2 observed in response to exercise and carbohydrate ingestion, in subjects living on a North American diet, are not present in subjects living on a Western European diet. The experimental protocol used by Pirnay et al. in 1977 and by Krzentowski et al. in 1984 in subjects living on a Western European diet (4 h of exercise on a treadmill at 50% VO2max with ingestion of 100 g of glucose in 400 ml of water) was duplicated as closely as possible in six subjects living on a North American diet. The actual amounts of exogenous glucose oxidized, computed with a high artificial 13C enrichment of glucose (+189.7 13C PDB-1) which allows one to neglect the 1–2 changes in 13C background, were [mean (SEM)] 54.7 (5.4) and 84.2 (3.4) g over 2 h and 4 h of exercise, respectively. These values compare well with data computed by Pirnay et al. [56.6 (13.1) and 94.9 (4.2) g] and by Krzentowski et al. [55.0 (6.2) and 88.0 (4.5) g] using a natural enrichment of glucose (–11.21 and –10.63 13C PDB-1, respectively) assuming no change in 13C background in their Western European subjects. Under the same assumption and using a natural enrichment of glucose (–11.30 13C PDB-1) the oxidation of exogenous glucose was overestimated by 30–40% in our North American subjects. This result indicates that because of a lower input of 13C in their diet, the difference between the isotopic composition of carbohydrate and fat stores are smaller, and changes in 13C background are small or absent in response to moderate workload in Western European subjects, when compared to their North American counterparts. 相似文献
80.
E. Stephen Buescher Sarah M. McIlheran Steven M. Banks Andrezej P. Kudelka John J. Kavanagh Saroj Vadhan-Raj 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1993,37(1):26-30
During a phase I trial of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in patients with ovarian carcinomas, the effects of this treatment on blood granulocyte respiratory burst and locomotive responses were examined. Differences in baseline granulocyte function in patients as well as dose-related effects of IL-1 treatment were observed. Patients enrolled early in the trial (low-dose patients) had significantly lower locomotive responses before treatment than their paired controls; these low responses normalized after 5 days of continuous-infusion IL-1 treatment. Patients enrolled later (high-dose patients) had normal locomotive responses before treatment and IL-1 treatment was associated with suppression of responses to selected stimuli at the end of treatment. Pretreatment respiratory burst responses in both low-and high-dose patient groups were essentially normal, but the rates of granulocyte H2O2 production following phorbol myristate acetate stimulation became significantly less than control values at the end of treatment. In vitro exposure of either patient or control cells to 150 U/ml IL-1 did not alter their locomotive or respiratory burst responses, suggesting the observed in vivo effects were not mediated directly by IL-1. Treatment with IL-1 is associated with changes in ex vivo granulocyte function that are related to the IL-1 dose. Treatment with low doses of IL-1 may provide a means of normalizing abnormal polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in some patients with ovarian malignancies. 相似文献