腹腔镜肝癌切除术与开放式肝癌切除术的疗效比较研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜肝癌切除手术治疗原发性肝癌的可行性及安全性。方法:选取2008年6月至2011年1月在我院行腹腔镜肝癌切除术的30例患者作为研究对象,另外选择同期在我院行开放式肝癌切除术的30例患者作为对照。结果:30例均在腹腔镜下成功地完成手术,其中22例行腹腔镜局部切除术,8例行肝左外叶切除术。手术时间103-142 min,出血量60-480mL,术后均未发生严重并发症,术后平均住院8.6 d。术后随访18~36个月,局部复发或种植性转移率与对照组无显著差异。结论:腹腔镜肝癌切除术是安全可行治疗原发性肝癌的手术方式。     

HoLEP对良性前列腺增生的疗效及安全性观察

目的:探讨以尿道钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选取我院102例以HoLEP术治疗的BPH患者的临床资料,分析BPH患者的年龄、切除腺体的大小、手术出血量、手术前后的最大尿流率(Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压(Pdet/Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分表(IPSS)评分和生活质量评分(QOLS)等。再选取我院100例以尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的BPH患者的临床资料,对比两组患者并发症的发生情况。结果:102例BPH患者的年龄为(71.58±9.74)岁,切除腺体为(84.32±36.39)g,手术出血量为(146±24.68)mL,手术前的最大尿流率(8.37±5.28)mL/s,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压为(72.93±26.49)cm H_2O,IPSS评分为(28.8±5.98)分,QOLS评分为(5.8±0.46)分;手术后的最大尿流率(24.77±5.89)mL/s,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压为(42.35±10.37)cm H_2O,IPSS评分为(9.4±1.28)分,QOLS评分为(2.8±0.28)分。手术后的Qmax明显升高(P0.05),而Pdet/Qmax、IPSS评分和QOLS均显著降低(P0.05)。HoLEP术治疗的BPH患者并发症发生明显低于尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗的患者(P0.05)。结论:HoLEP是一种安全有效的治疗BPH的微创手术。     

高龄肝癌患者肝癌切除术后并发症及预后分析

目的:探讨高龄原发性肝癌患者肝癌根治性切除术的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析63例(高龄组≥70岁)与98例(对照组70岁)行肝部分切除术的原发性肝癌患者的一般资料及其围手术期情况,对其术后并发症及预后进行探讨。结果:高龄组术后并发症发生率为36.5%,对照组31.6%(P0.05),高龄组7(11.1%)例肝衰竭,2(3.17%)例术后有出血现象,3(4.8%)例切口感染,3(4.8%)例胸腔积液,1(1.5%)例伴有隔下感染,1(1.5%)例有严重肺部感染,由于下肢深静脉血栓脱落,死于急性肺动脉栓塞。组织病理类型高龄组以结节型多见,Edmondson Ⅰ-Ⅱ级33例,Ⅲ-Ⅳ级18例,胆管细胞癌8例,混合细胞型4例。BCLC-0、A、B、C期分别占2、9、35、17例。高龄组与对照组1、2、3年生存率分别为82.5%VS85.7%、34.9%VS46.3%、15.9%VS36.8%。结论:高龄对肝部分切除术后并发症的发生并无明显影响,并不是原发性肝癌根治性手术切除术的禁忌症,高龄患者2、3年生存率较对照组低。     

痔上黏膜环切术与经肛吻合器直肠切除术治疗梗阻型便秘

目的:探讨痔上黏膜环切术(Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids,PPH)及经肛吻合器直肠切除术(Stapled Trans-anal Rectal Resection,STARR)治疗出口梗阻型便秘的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年5月~2014年5月在我院接受治疗的梗阻型便秘患者100例,随机分为PPH组和STARR组,每组各50例,分别予PPH术和STARR术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后Longo出口梗阻型便秘评分及Wexner便秘严重程度评分。结果:两组患者术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);PPH组患者手术时间、住院时间及治疗费用明显少于STARR组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症的发生率无显著差异,无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术前Longo评分及Wexner评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后STARR组评分低于PPH组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与经肛吻合器直肠切除术相比,痔上黏膜环切术操作简单,更易被患者接受,值得临床推广应用。     

甲状腺大部切除术方法探讨

目的:评价改良甲状腺大部切除术的效果与安全性。方法:回顾性分析1997年3月~2005年10月102例甲状腺良性疾病患者,甲状腺大部切除术后医疗效果。结果:94例痊愈,6例出现术后并发症,2例术后复发。结论:改良的甲状腺大部切除术能明显减轻手术创伤,缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症的发生,提高术后主观满意度,是治疗甲状腺良性疾病的理想术式。     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术对食管癌患者肺功能、免疫功能的影响及颈部吻合口瘘的影响因素探讨

摘要 目的：探讨胸腹腔镜下进行食管癌切除术对患者肺功能、免疫功能的影响,并分析颈部吻合口瘘的影响因素。方法：选择2016年8月至2021年8月期间我院收治的130例食管癌患者,均成功实施胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术,观察手术前后肺功能、免疫功能的变化情况。观察130例患者术后颈部吻合口瘘发生率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析颈部吻合口瘘的影响因素。结果：术后7d,患者的第1s用力呼气量（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、呼气流量峰值（PEF）较术前下降（P<0.05）。术后当天、术后7天,患者的CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺ /CD8⁺较术前下降后升高,CD8⁺较术前升高后下降（P<0.05）。130例患者术后有28例发生颈部吻合口瘘,发生率为21.54%。均为术后3~18 d内确诊为颈部吻合口瘘,按照是否发生颈部吻合口瘘将患者分为有吻合口瘘组（n=28）和无吻合口瘘组（n=102）。颈部吻合口瘘的发生与术前白蛋白、体质量指数（BMI）、糖尿病史、病变位置、吻合方式、手术时间、术中出血总量、重症呼吸室（ICU）时间、呼吸机使用时间、纤支镜吸痰次数、术后出现肺部感染、住院时间有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logisitic回归分析结果显示：术前白蛋白偏低、病变位置位于上段、术后出现肺部感染、糖尿病史、吻合方式为手工吻合、住院时间偏长是食管癌患者术后发生颈部吻合口瘘的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：胸腹腔镜联合食管癌切除术治疗食管癌患者,可有效减轻免疫抑制,但不可避免的会影响机体的肺功能,且颈部吻合口瘘的发生受到术前白蛋白、病变位置、术后出现肺部感染等多方面的影响,应着重关注此类患者,以防吻合口瘘的发生。     

Semi-Quantitative Comparison of Infrared Thermography with Indocyanine Green Imaging in Porcine Intestinal Resection

BackgroundThe quality of intestinal blood supply is extremely important for healing of intestinal anastomoses. During the surgery the blood supply of the intestine may appear sufficient even though the microperfusion is not fully adequate. The degree of blood supply of remaining intestinal segment and the positioning of the resection margins is estimated subjectively by the surgeon's experience or objectively by means of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging. The subject of our study is the evaluation of the infrared thermal imaging as another supportive non-invasive imaging method in assessment of intestinal blood supply, and to compare surgeon's decisions of the position of resection line with information obtained by infrared thermal imaging and by indocyanine green fluorescence imaging.MethodsA pilot study on thermal imaging measurements was done in a porcine model. The infrared thermocamera Workswell WIC 640 was used in our study. The thermal imaging was correlated with the indocyanine green imaging method ICG NOVADAQ and with surgeon's subjective expert decisions of the places of resection lines. Fifteen monitored resections were performed on three experimental porcine models.ResultsBased on the data evaluated, experience of the surgical team and the post-operative conditions of the porcine models, we conclude that the thermal imaging is a useful tool for determination of the optimal intestinal resection margins, and thus contributes to lowering anastomotic complications rate in colorectal surgery. The results show relatively high consistency between the used imaging techniques. Both methods showed ischemic regions of the intestine at a comparable level. The IRT methods showed even a slightly higher match with the surgeon's rating.ConclusionBased on experiments, the infrared thermography can be considered as one of complementary imaging methods suitable for use during anastomosis surgery. The sensitivity and versatility of the infrared thermography method was demonstrated. There was confirmed agreement in obtained information about the position of area with maximal blood insufficiency obtained by IRT with the information obtained by using the ICG method.     

DNA double-strand break repair pathway choice and cancer

Since DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contribute to the genomic instability that drives cancer development, DSB repair pathways serve as important mechanisms for tumor suppression. Thus, genetic lesions, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, that disrupt DSB repair are often associated with cancer susceptibility. In addition, recent evidence suggests that DSB “mis-repair”, in which DSBs are resolved by an inappropriate repair pathway, can also promote genomic instability and presumably tumorigenesis. This notion has gained currency from recent cancer genome sequencing studies which have uncovered numerous chromosomal rearrangements harboring pathological DNA repair signatures. In this perspective, we discuss the factors that regulate DSB repair pathway choice and their consequences for genome stability and cancer.     

CtIP/Ctp1/Sae2, molecular form fit for function

Vertebrate CtIP, and its fission yeast (Ctp1), budding yeast (Sae2) and plant (Com1) orthologs have emerged as key regulatory molecules in cellular responses to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). By modulating the nucleolytic 5′-3′ resection activity of the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 (MRN) DSB repair processing and signaling complex, CtIP/Ctp1/Sae2/Com1 is integral to the channeling of DNA double strand breaks through DSB repair by homologous recombination (HR). Nearly two decades since its discovery, emerging new data are defining the molecular underpinnings for CtIP DSB repair regulatory activities. CtIP homologs are largely intrinsically unstructured proteins comprised of expanded regions of low complexity sequence, rather than defined folded domains typical of DNA damage metabolizing enzymes and nucleases. A compact structurally conserved N-terminus forms a functionally critical tetrameric helical dimer of dimers (THDD) region that bridges CtIP oligomers, and is flexibly appended to a conserved C-terminal Sae2-homology DNA binding and DSB repair pathway choice regulatory hub which influences nucleolytic activities of the MRN core nuclease complex. The emerging evidence from structural, biophysical, and biological studies converges on CtIP having functional roles in DSB repair that include: 1) dynamic DNA strand coordination through direct DNA binding and DNA bridging activities, 2) MRN nuclease complex cofactor functions that direct MRN endonucleolytic cleavage of protein-blocked DSB ends and 3) acting as a protein binding hub targeted by the cell cycle regulatory apparatus, which influences CtIP expression and activity via layers of post-translational modifications, protein–protein interactions and DNA binding.