Nutrient-split feeding strategy for dialysis cultivation of Escherichia coli

Reduction in nutrient loss during dialysis cultivation of Escherichia coli on a glycerol medium was investigated. A dialysis reactor with an inner fermentation and an outer dialysis chamber was used. Aerobic condition was maintained by limiting the glycerol feed rate to an optimum value which was estimated from the oxygen requirements for glycerol oxidation and oxygen transfer capacity of the reactor. High reduction in nutrient loss was achieved by using water as the dialyzing fluid. However, osmotic movement of water from the dialysis to the fermentation chamber was observed, and the final cell concentration was low. With a nutrient-split feeding strategy (feeding glycerol directly to the fermentation chamber and dialyzing with salt solution), glycerol loss was small, there was no osmotic flux of water to the fermentation chamber, and the cell concentration was high. Both glycerol and salt loss could be avoided, and a cell concentration of 170 g/L was obtained when the dialysis process was substituted by addition of XAD adsorbents to the dialysis chamber. Application of this nutrient-split feeding strategy to cell cultivation in a stirred tank reactor, coupled with dialysis in external dialyzer modules, resulted in low cell concentrations. (c) 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

HPLC-DAD Analysis and Versatile Bioactivities of Turkish Sunflower Honeys Using Chemometric Approaches

Sunflower honey (SH) is bright yellow, fragrant, pollen-flavoured, slightly herbaceous and has a unique taste. The present research aims to examine the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities and phenolic compositions of 30 sunflower honeys (SHs) produced from several regions of Turkey with chemometric study. SAH from Samsun exhibited the best antioxidant activity in β-carotene linoleic acid (IC₅₀: 7.33±0.17 mg/mL) and CUPRAC (A_0.50: 4.94±0.13 mg/mL) assays, anti-urease activity (60.63±0.87 %) and anti-inflammatory activity against COX-1 (73.94±1.08 %) and COX-2 (44.96±0.85 %). SHs exhibited mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms while they showed high quorum sensing inhibition zones measured in the range of 42–52 mm against the CV026 strain. The phenolic composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) system and levulinic, gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and p-coumaric acids were identified in all studied SHs. The classification of SHs was performed the using PCA and HCA. This study revealed that phenolic compounds and biological properties are effective in classification of SHs according to their geographical origin. The results suggest that studied SHs could be valued as potential agents with versatile bioactivities in oxidative stress-related disease, microbial infections, inflammation, melanoma, and peptic ulcer.     

In Vitro,In Silico,ADME and Theoretical Analysis of Mn(II) and Co(II) Complexes Derived from Methyl-(Z)-N′-Carbamothioylcarbamohydrazonate Schiff Base Ligand

Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes of methyl-(Z)−N′-carbamothioylcarbamohydrazonate Schiff base ligand were synthesized. The ligand and metal salts were taken in 2 : 1 stoichiometric ratio. All the synthesized complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment and various spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV/VIS, EPR) techniques. Elemental and spectroscopic results verified bidentate donor nature of the ligand and octahedral geometry of all the complexes. The non-electrolytic nature of Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were suggested by conductivity data analysis. In vitro antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and antifungal (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) screening were achieved by employing agar well diffusion method which revealed better antimicrobial activity of Co(II) complexes than Mn(II) complexes. In silico SwissADME study predicted the drug-likeness probability of ligand and complexes. The interaction of two bacterial proteins (E. coli and S. aureus) with compounds was also analyzed using molecular docking study, which corroborate the in vitro analysis.     

Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indanone Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Potential Use in Alzheimer's Disease

Indanone derivatives containing meta/para-substituted aminopropoxy benzyl/benzylidene moieties were designed based on the structures of donepezil and ebselen analogs as the cholinesterase inhibitors. The designed compounds were synthesized and their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were measured. Inhibitory potencies (IC₅₀ values) for the synthesized compounds ranged from 0.12 to 11.92 μM and 0.04 to 24.36 μM against AChE and BChE, respectively. Compound 5 c showed the highest AChE inhibitory potency with IC₅₀ value of 0.12 μM, whereas the highest BChE inhibition was achieved by structure 7 b (IC₅₀=0.04 μM). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between meta and para-substituted derivatives in AChE and BChE inhibition. However, the most potent AChE inhibitor 5 c belongs to meta-substituted compounds, while the most active BChE inhibitor is para-substituted derivative 7 b . The order of enzyme inhibition potency based on the substituted amine group is dimethyl amine>piperidine>morpholine. Compounds containing C=C linkage are more potent AChE inhibitors than the corresponding saturated structures. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5 c interacts with AChE in a very similar way to that observed experimentally for donepezil. The introduced indanone-aminopropoxy benzylidenes could be used in drug-discovery against Alzheimer's disease.     

中医正骨手法改善桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者腕关节功能的临床研究及疗效的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：观察中医正骨手法在桡骨远端伸直型骨折中的临床应用价值,并分析疗效的影响因素。方法：选择四川省骨科医院2020年1月~2022年1月期间收治的桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者152例,按照治疗方式的不同将患者分为对照组（给予石膏固定）和研究组（应用中医正骨手法治疗）,例数分别为77例和75例。对比两组优良率、临床指标、腕关节活动度和X线相关影像学指标。同时采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响研究组腕关节功能疗效的相关因素。结果：治疗后,研究组的优良率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组手背消肿时间、疼痛缓解时间、骨折愈合时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后12周掌屈、背伸、桡偏、尺偏、旋前、旋后活动度均扩大,且研究组均大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后12周掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度均增加,且研究组均大于对照组（P<0.05）。单因素分析显示,研究组腕关节功能优良率与年龄、性别、骨质疏松、功能锻炼、掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度、骨折端稳定性、受伤能量、利手情况有关（P<0.05）,而与体质量指数、就诊时间、基础疾病、骨折类型、固定时间无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：性别为女、骨质疏松、无功能锻炼、掌倾角偏小、桡骨高度偏短、骨折端不稳定、受伤能量为高能量、利手是影响腕关节功能优良率的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：中医正骨手法可有效改善桡骨远端伸直型骨折患者腕关节功能,减少骨折愈合及疼痛缓解时间。此外,患者腕关节功能的优良率还受到性别、骨质疏松、功能锻炼、掌倾角、桡骨高度、骨折端稳定性、受伤能量、利手情况的影响,值得引起临床重视。     

The response of lichens inhabiting exposed wood of spruce logs to post-hurricane disturbances in Western Carpathian forests

We investigated which of the following environmental factors: the number of years since the windthrow of the tree (the age of dead wood), the phytocenosis (the type of forest community), altitude, exposure, wood hardness and the spatial scale of forest disturbances (small gaps with a few fallen spruces vs large-area windthrows) contributed to the diversity and abundance of lichens inhabiting the exposed wood of windthrown spruce trees in Polish Western Carpathian forests. Both Shannon H index and sum of coverage coefficients rose with increasing age of the wood, levelling off after 11–14 y (diversity) and 14–17 y (abundance). This factor appeared to be the most important for this group of lichens, but the significant positive impact of large-area windthrows on the lichen abundance was also demonstrated by using a GLM model. The age of the wood we precisely determined on the basis of data on Norway spruce mortality collected annually in permanent plots of the Gorce National Park since 2000. Using the Shore durometer we linked the course of the wood-inhabiting lichen succession with wood decay more precisely than before. The largest number of species was associated with medium hard wood, i.e., 51 < x ≤ 80 on the Shore scale. Based on the NMDS analysis, we distinguished four age groups of logs, differing in lichen abundance and defined by the dominance of distinctive species. A large number of usually corticolous lichen species used the wood of windthrown spruce logs as an optional habitat to survive large-scale, post-hurricane forest disturbances.     

Effect of modification of storage atmosphere on phospholipids and ultrastructure of cauliflower mitochondria

Differences in mitochondrial membrane composition and ultrastructure were studied after storage of cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea , L., Botrytis group) for 5 days at 25°C in air or under controlled atmospheres: 3% O₂, 21% O₂+ 15% CO₂ or 3% O₂+ 15% CO₂. In air, postharvest senescence involved a 20% decrease in mitochondrial phospholipid content. A large reduction in the relative abundance of phosphati-dylcholine (PC) and in the degree of unsaturation of PC and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) was observed. However, the degree of unsaturation increased in cardiolipin (CL). Storage under 3% O₂ did not prevent phospholipid breakdown. Low O₂ prevented the relative decrease in PC observed during storage in air and the loss of linoleic acid from PC, but not from PE. This relative protection offered by the low O₂ atmosphere was lost under 3% O₂+ 15% CO₂. The high CO₂ atmospheres caused twice as much loss in phospholipids as that observed during storage in air. Extensive loss of mitochondrial protein, a marked decrease in phospholipid to protein ratio, and electron micrograph observations suggest structural alterations in the presence of high CO₂.