秦岭南坡地衣植物研究初报

报道了采自于秦岭南坡的地衣植物21种,隶属于11科、11属。     

河南伏牛山缘脊叶蝉亚科种类记述：同翅目：叶蝉科

本文论述河南省伏牛山缘脊叶蝉亚科３属５种,其中包括１新属：管茎叶蝉属Ｆｉｓｔｕｌａｔｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和３新种：中华管茎叶蝉Ｆｉｓｔｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．河南胫槽叶蝉Ｄｒａｂｅｓｃｕｓ ｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．细茎胫槽叶蝉Ｄｒａｂｅｓｃｕｓ ｍｉｎｉｐｅｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。此外还厘订新异２个。新种模式标本分别保存在中国农业大学,中国科学院动物研究所,中山大     

Modelling and Mapping Geographic Ranges to Evaluate Weed Biocontrol Agents: A Case Study Using Altica carduorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae)

Leaf - feeding beetles , Altica carduorum, from a population in NW China have been identified as candidate agents for biocontrol of Canada thistle , Cirsium arvense. This paper assesses the potential of beetles from this population to establish on the Canadian prairies . A phenological model is applied to determine where sufficient heat accumulates to allow completion of at least one generation per year . The model was applied both with and without a submodel of adult thermoregulation . The model was driven using meteorological data from a grid covering the agricultural region of the Canadian prairies , i . e . ca . 670 000 km 2 , at a resolution of (50 50) km . In each grid square , the percentage of the years 1960 - 89 for which the model indicated that at least one generation could have been completed was calculated; these proportions were categorized (0 - 80%; 80 - 99% and 100%) and mapped . Maps of C. arvense density over the simulation region were also produced , and compared to the maps of predicted beetle distribution . The model suggests that A. carduorum could establish over much of the prairies . Without thermoregulation , the predicted range (i . e . the area in which one generation was completed in every year) is restricted to the warmer parts of the prairies , where C. arvense is generally sparse . Inclusion of thermoregulation almost doubled the predicted range to cover most of the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies , missing only the cooler peripheral areas . These results suggest that this strain of A. carduorum has potential to overlap the range of C. arvense on the Canadian prairies , and so has potential to control this weed .     

Faunal diversity and endemicity of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa — a first assessment

A total of 322 records were available from the literature on faunal taxa endemic to the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Excluding possible pseudoendemics, dubious records and many invertebrate groups for which little or no information exists, these records represent 112 species (1 vertebrate and the rest invertebrates) in 47 families. This number excludes many other potential endemics having distributions that extend just off the Peninsula. When mapped according to a 590 1 km×1 km grid, these endemics were clustered in several, largely montane nodes and palaeogenic (palaeoclimatically stable) zones typically located in upper reach forest streams, riverine forest and caves (the latter supported 14 endemics). Endemics were over-represented on steep slopes. For many taxa, a very high percentage of the Peninsula representatives were endemics. There were more plant than animal endemics per 1 km² cell, although in total there were more animal than plant endemics. A significant correlation existed between the distribution of plant and animal endemics on the Peninsula, and especially on Table Mountain. The relationship, however, appears not to be causal, and is possibly related to parallel responses to historical isolation and topography. As the endemic fauna is mostly relictual, conservation of umbrella plant communities and the sandstone caves is essential. This may avert further extinction (some invertebrate endemics are likely to be extinct at this stage). Others have suffered declines in population numbers through development, invasion of alien vegetation, and possibly through predetion by the introduced Argentine ant.     

河南省藓类植物新报

报道了最近在河南省宝天曼自然保护区所采１４号藓类植物标本中,经研究,其中包括１个新变种,即：苏氏牛舌藓河南变种Ａｎｏｍｏｄｏｎ ｓｏｌｏｖｊｏｖｉｉ Ｌａｚａｒｅｎｋｏ ｖａｒ．ｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｔａｎ,Ｂｏｕｆｆｏｒｄ ｅｆ Ｙｉｎｇ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ．另外有８种为河南省新纪录。     

秦岭落叶松林土壤真菌种群及其生态特性研究

森林枯落物及土壤有机质分解主要靠微生物（尤其是真菌）来完成。微生物分布和活动是森林生产环境综合评价的主要依据之一［１］。开展森林土壤（包括枯落层）微生物生态研究对于森林保护,食品化工和医药工业产品的生产、开发提供新信息和菌种资源等有重要现实意义。本研...     

秦岭巴山冷杉林粗死木质残体研究

 对秦岭巴山冷杉林粗死木质残体的研究表明：1)林内粗死木质残体的现存量为15.848t·hm-2,平均死亡增枯量1.877t·hm-2·a-1,平均分解量1.310t·hm-2·a-1,周转时间约为12.09年;2)粗死木质残体在碳素和养分的保持方面具有一定作用,在野生动植物生境构成中的作用较大。     

云南宾川县鸡足山地区多星韭的生态型

根据生态学和遗传学的综合研究,鸡足山地区的８个多星韭种群可划分为６个生态型：１个柳叶韭生态型,１个岩生二倍体生态型和４个四体倍生态型即林生四倍体生态型,岩生四倍体生态型,草生白花四倍体生态型和草生紫花四倍体生态型。     

东灵山地区植物区系的基本特征与若干山区植物区系的关系

东灵山地区拥有高等植物９９７种,隶属于１２７科、４７６属,其中,种子植物有９７科、４３０属、９３５种。最大的科是菊科,共有１１６种,其它超过２５种的科还有禾本科等７科。这８个科共４５７种,占东灵山种子植物种总数的近４６％。４３０属种子植物分别属于１５个分布类型,占第一位的是北温带分布类型,有１５５属之多。各类温带分布类型共２９８属,各类热带、亚热带分布类型仅有７６属,说明东灵山地区植物区系具有很强的温带地质。此外,世界分布类型有５０属,中国特有分布类型有８属。根据吴征镒等学者的理论,本文对植物区系谱的概念和分析方法进行了改进,利用主成分分析（ＰＣＡ）对东灵山地区植物区系与我国其它地区植物区系所构成的植物区系谱进行了定量研究,探讨了东灵山地区的植物区系在我国一系列山区植物区系中的地位。对我国包括东灵山地区在内的２９个山区植物区系进行了定量分析,降维效果很好,前２个轴的累计贡献率近于８０％,前３个轴已超过９２％。通过常用的热带属与温带属比率（Ｒ／Ｔ）的计算也得到了与此相近的结果、Ｒ／Ｔ值随着纬度的升高近于单调下降,植物区系纬向地带性规律得到了很好地显示。