Comparative Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Desiccation Stress Responses of the Intertidal Seaweed NEOPORPHYRA haitanensis

Neoporphyra haitanensis is an economically important red seaweed that inhabits upper intertidal zones. The thallus tolerates extreme fluctuating environmental stresses (e.g., surviving more than 80% water loss during low tides). To elucidate the global molecular responses relevant to this outstanding desiccation tolerance, a quantitative proteomics analysis of N. haitanensis under different desiccation treatments as well as rehydration was performed. According to the clustering of expression patterns and the functional interpretation of the 483 significantly differentially expressed proteins, a three-stage cellular response to desiccation stress and subsequent rehydration was proposed. Stage I: at the beginning of water loss, multiple signal transduction pathways were triggered including lipid signaling, protein phosphorylation cascades, and histone acetylation controlling acetate biosynthesis to further modulate downstream hormone signaling. Protein protection by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase and ROS scavenging systems were also immediately switched on. Stage II: with the aggravation of stress, increases in antioxidant systems, the accumulation of LEA proteins, and the temporary biosynthesis of branched starch were observed. Multiple enzymes involved in redox homeostasis, including peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, were hypothesized to function in specific cellular compartments. Stage III: when the desiccated thalli had rehydrated for 30 mins, photosynthesis and carbon fixation were recovered, and antioxidant activities and protein structure protection were maintained at a high level. This work increases the understanding of the molecular responses to environmental stresses via a proteomic approach in red seaweeds and paves the way for further functional studies and genetic engineering.     

CONSTRUCTION OF A GENETIC LINKAGE MAP FOR PORPHYRA HAITANENSIS (BANGIALES,RHODOPHYTA) BASED ON SEQUENCE‐RELATED AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM AND SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS1

Molecular markers and molecular genetic maps are prerequisites for molecular breeding in any plant species. A comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng has not yet been developed. In this study, 157 double haploid (DH) lines [derived from a YSIII (wildtype) × RTPM (red‐type artificial pigmentation mutant) cross] were used as a mapping population in P. haitanensis. A total of 60 pairs of sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers and 39 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents. Fifteen SRAP and 16 SSR polymorphic primer pairs were selected to analyze the DH population. A linkage genetic map comprising 67 SRAP markers and 20 SSR markers in five linkage groups, with a total length of 830.6 cM and an average of 10.13 cM between markers, was constructed. The markers were distributed evenly in all linkage groups without clustering. The linkage groups comprised 12–23 markers ranging in length from 134.2 to 197.3 cM. The estimated genome length of P. haitanensis was 942.4 cM, with 88.1% coverage. This is the first report of a comprehensive genetic map in P. haitanensis. The map presented here will provide a basis for the development of high‐density genetic linkage maps and lay the foundation for molecular breeding work in P. haitanensis.     

坛紫菜中别藻蓝蛋白的纯化及洗脱组分光谱研究

以福建省平潭县坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)为材料,采用硫酸铵分级分离和柱层析法纯化别藻蓝蛋白(APC),并对纯化的条件进行了详细的探讨。研究结果表明:采用30%~35%饱和硫酸铵沉淀、Tris-HC l(pH=8.0)作为洗脱缓冲液、DEAE-Sephadex-A-50作为层析介质,所获得的APC的纯度和回收率分别为3.50和70.2%;SDS-PAGE表明APC有α和β两个亚基,分子量分别为18.9 kD和17.7 kD。因此该方法对于从坛紫菜中快速纯化APC是适合的。采用光谱分析研究柱洗脱组分,结果表明:坛紫菜中含有分子结构为(αβ)6γ的“双峰型”R-PE,含有结构为(αβ)3的R-PC,含有结构为(αβ)3的APC-Ⅱ。     

利用脱落酸和冷适应提高坛紫菜丝状体种质的冻存效率

为验证脱落酸(ABA)和冷适应能否提高紫菜丝状体种质的冷冻保存效率,研究以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)自由丝状体为材料,在20℃,光强40μmol·photons/(m2·s),在光周期12L﹕12D条件下以ABA(100μmol/L)处理48h或4℃暗培养6d,随后进行–80℃冷冻保存实验.通过连...     

Effects of desiccation and CO2 concentrations on emersed photosynthesis in Porphyra haitanensis (Bangiales,Rhodophyta), a species farmed in China

The effects on photosynthesis of CO₂ and desiccation in Porphyra haitanensis were investigated to establish the effects of increased atmospheric CO₂ on this alga during emersion at low tides. With enhanced desiccation, net photosynthesis, dark respiration, photosynthetic efficiency, apparent carboxylating efficiency and light saturation point decreased, while the light compensation point and CO₂ compensation point increased. Emersed net photosynthesis was not saturated by the present atmospheric CO₂ level (about 350?ml?m^?3), and doubling the CO₂ concentration (700?ml?m^?3) increased photosynthesis by between 31% and 89% at moderate levels of desiccation. The relative enhancement of emersed net photosynthesis at 700?ml?m^?3 CO₂ was greater at higher temperatures and higher levels of desiccation. The photosynthetic production of Porphyra haitanensis may benefit from increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration during emersion.     

坛紫菜hsp70基因真核表达载体的构建与转化

坛紫菜是极具经济效益的大型海藻,生活在环境多变的潮间带,易受到温度、渗遗压和辐射等因素剧烈变化的影响,经常处于逆境胁迫中.热休克蛋白70(HSP70)是生物体内一种重要且高度保守的应激因子,作为分子伴侣在胁迫条件下首先被诱导出来,在逆境胁迫调节中起着重要的作用.构建紫菜hsp70基因真核表达体系对于了解该基因在紫菜抗逆过程中的作用有重要意义.利用PCR技术扩增得到大小为1.89 kb的坛紫菜hsp70基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体上测序.从测序正确的菌株中提取质粒,经限制性内切酶Sma Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ进行消化,将目的基因与真核表达质粒p181AINE连接,获得重组真核表达质粒p181-hsp70.通过菌落PCR、双酶切及测序等方法进行鉴定,结果表明重组真核表达质粒p181-hsp70构建成功.制备酵母感受态,将重组质粒电激转入酿酒酵母中,酵母菌落PCR结果显示电激转入成功.     

Genetic similarity analysis within Pyropia yezoensis blades developed from both conchospores and blade archeospores using AFLP1

Pyropia yezoensis (Ueda) M. S. Hwang et H. G. Choi (previously called Porphyra yezoensis) is an economically important alga. The blades generated from conchospores are genetic chimeras, which are not suitable for genetic similarity analysis. In this study, two types of blades from a single filament of P. yezoensis sporophyte filament were obtained. One type, ConB, consisted of 40 blades that had germinated from conchospores. The other type, ArcB, consisted of 88 blades that had germinated from archeospores released from ConB. Both of them were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism. The low genetic similarity levels for both conchospore‐germinated and archeospore‐germinated blades demonstrated that the conchcelis we used was cross‐fertilized. Furthermore, a higher polymorphic loci ratio (98.6%) was detected in ArcB than in ConB (80.7%), and the average genetic similarity of ArcB (average 0.61) was lower than that of ConB (average 0.71). These differences indicated that genetic analysis using ArcB gives more accurate results.     

北京市湿地削减大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)功能

基于野外观测与遥感反演相结合的方法,在点位和区域尺度上研究北京城区湿地在削减大气细颗粒物PM2.5中的作用。结果表明,北京城区湿地能够显著削减周边大气环境中的细颗粒物浓度,其中翠湖湿地附近的PM2.5浓度显著低于周边裸地(P0.05),可削减空气中17%的PM2.5,降低幅度最高可达50%。而且,湖库湿地在削减PM2.5浓度方面作用更加显著,优于河流湿地(P0.05)。北京市PM2.5浓度的空间分布格局表现出西北东南、郊区城区的空间分布规律。因此,在未来的湿地建设中应合理选择湿地类型,更多地考虑紧凑型湿地如湖库湿地的建设,科学配置湿地和植物资源,使湿地更加有效地发挥其增湿、促使局地流场发生变化的作用,最终改善局地微气象条件,削减大气细颗粒物,缓解城市雾霾天气。研究结果为北京市湿地保护管理、规划和布局以及及时制定控制PM2.5的政策和措施提供了科学依据。