心内科住院患者心理问题分析与护理对策研究

目的:了解心内科住院患者的心理问题,找出心内科住院患者常见的心理问题以及产生心理问题的原因,探讨改善心内科住院患者心理问题的有效护理措施。方法:对我院2011年1月-2011年4月心内科802例住院患者采取问卷调查及深入访谈相结合的方式进行调查。结果:对802例目标患者进行数据分析,心内科患者常见的心理问题为:焦虑与抑郁、多疑、恐惧紧张、绝望与悲哀;产生心理障碍的原因在于患者自身疾病、经济状况、环境等。结论:心内科住院患者心理问较为严重,通过实行有针对性的护理措施,有效治疗心内科患者的心理问题,减轻患者心理压力,促进患者的健康,保护患者安全。     

全程心理疏导预防全麻术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床观察

目的:评价全程心理疏导预防全身麻醉术后导尿管刺激躁动的临床效果。方法:全麻下实施胆囊切除手术的80例男性患者为观察对象,随机均分为全程心理疏导组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组),每组40例。Ⅰ组:术前、麻醉诱导前、苏醒后均对患者施行个体化心理疏导,根据患者具体情况进行沟通,解除其焦虑与恐惧心理。Ⅱ组:常规访视,不进行全程心理疏导。飞利浦多功能监测仪连续监测ECG、HR、SpO2及每3分钟监测一次BP,记录入室后MAP、HR的基础值(T0)、术毕(T1)、拔管后3 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、20min(T4)的血流动力学变化,观察记录拔管后患者因尿管刺激引发躁动评分。结果:Ⅰ组患者苏醒期对尿管刺激反应程度明显低于Ⅱ组,患者在苏醒期血压、心率也较稳定。结论:全程心理疏导可以预防、减轻全麻术后因导尿管刺激而引发的躁动。     

肝癌致创伤后应激障碍的心理咨询探讨

目的:初步探索心理咨询对肝癌所致创伤后应激障碍患者的干预效果。方法:一例肝癌患者接受六次心理咨询服务。采用PTSD症状评估和生活事件症状测评量表,在咨询第一次和第六次对患者实施测评,并收集患者及家属的主观描述。结果:患者经过认知行为、放松和眼动脱敏干预后,其警觉性下降、创伤再体验次数明显减少、睡眠状况改善以及对癌症治疗的管理观念提高,三个月后对患者及家属回访显示,患者症状改善在回访期维持。结论:认知和眼动脱敏疗法对肝癌所致的创伤后应激障碍患者具有潜在的正性干预效果,未来尚需广泛的实证研究。     

促进人工饲养实验猕猴心理康乐

目的促进实验猕猴心理康乐,既能减少动物异常行为的发生、获得可靠的科学数据,同时也是实现这一珍贵非人灵长类实验动物福利的重要内容。实验猕猴社会化集群、环境优化、婴猴饲养方式是影响动物心理康乐几个较大的因素,本文对其研究进展进行了综述,对推进我国灵长类实验动物福利具有积极作用。     

完美主义心理研究简述

本文从完美主义的概念、维度、测量、前因变量及后果变量等方面进行了介绍,在此基础上,指出未来的研究除了继续探讨与完美主义相关的基础理论及与心理健康的关系外,重点应该探讨如何积极调节干预完美主义心态,特别指出要提高大学生的心理健康水平.     

An Exploratory Framework for the Empirical Measurement of Resilience

Deliberate progress towards the goal of long-term sustainability depends on understanding the dynamics of linked social and ecological systems. The concept of social-ecological resilience holds promise for interdisciplinary syntheses. Resilience is a multifaceted concept that as yet has not been directly operationalized, particularly in systems for which our ignorance is such that detailed, parameter-rich simulation models are difficult to develop. We present an exploratory framework as a step towards the operationalization of resilience for empirical studies. We equate resilience with the ability of a system to maintain its identity, where system identity is defined as a property of key components and relationships (networks) and their continuity through space and time. Innovation and memory are also fundamental to understanding identity and resilience. By parsing our systems into the elements that we subjectively consider essential to identity, we obtain a small set of specific focal variables that reflect changes in identity. By assessing the potential for changes in identity under specified drivers and perturbations, in combination with a scenario-based approach to considering alternative futures, we obtain a surrogate measure of the current resilience of our study system as the likelihood of a change in system identity under clearly specified conditions, assumptions, drivers and perturbations. Although the details of individual case studies differ, the concept of identity provides a level of generality that can be used to compare measure of resilience across cases. Our approach will also yield insights into the mechanisms of change and the potential consequences of different policy and management decisions, providing a level of decision support for each case study area.     

Building Resilience in Lagoon Social–Ecological Systems: A Local-level Perspective

Building resilience in integrated human and nature systems or social–ecological systems (SES) is key for sustainability. Therefore, developing ways of assessing resilience is of practical as well as theoretical significance. We approached the issue by focusing on the local level and using five lagoon systems from various parts of the world for illustration. We used a framework based on four categories of factors for building resilience: (1) learning to live with change and uncertainty; (2) nurturing diversity for reorganization and renewal; (3) combining different kinds of knowledge; and (4) creating opportunity for self-organization. Under each category, the cases generated a number of items for building resilience, and potential surrogates of resilience, that is, variables through which the persistence of SES emerging through change can be assessed. The following factors were robust across all five lagoon SES cases: learning from crisis, responding to change, nurturing ecological memory, monitoring the environment, and building capacity for self-organization and conflict management.     

UV effects that come and go: a global comparison of marine benthic community level impacts

Ambient UV radiation has substantially increased during the last decades, but its impact on marine benthic communities is hardly known. The aim of this study was to globally compare and quantify how shallow hard‐bottom communities are affected by UV during early succession. Identical field experiments in 10 different coastal regions of both hemispheres produced a consistent but unexpected pattern: (i) UV radiation affected species diversity and community biomass in a very similar manner, (ii) diversity and biomass were reduced to a larger extent by UVA than UVB radiation, (iii) ambient UV levels did not affect the composition of the communities, and (iv) any UV effects disappeared during species succession after 2–3 months. Thus, current levels of UV radiation seem to have small, predictable, and transient effects on shallow marine hard‐bottom communities.     

生态系统稳定性定义剖析

生态系统稳定性是理论生态学的焦点问题之一 ,综述和剖析生态系统稳定性的定义 ,对已有的定义进行了改进。生态系统稳定性是不超过生态阈值的生态系统的敏感性和恢复力。在这个概念中涉及到 3个概念 :生态阈值、敏感性和恢复力 ,阈值是生态系统在改变为另一个退化 (或进化 )系统前所能承受的干扰限度 ;敏感性是生态系统受到干扰后变化的大小和与其维持原有状态的时间 ;退化生态系统的恢复力就是消除干扰后生态系统能回到原有状态的能力 ,包括恢复速度和与原有状态的相似程度。在保护生态学中 ,阈值与恢复力的定义具有广泛的应用 ,特别是生态系统受到负面的干扰后而退化 ,退化的生态系统逐步恢复的过程可以利用恢复力来测定 ;而保护的成果就是力图避免干扰超过系统的阈值而达到一个实际的演替