吞咽困难对食管早期肿瘤及癌前病变患者食管动力、心理状态和临床相关症状的影响

摘要 目的：探讨吞咽困难对食管早期肿瘤及癌前病变患者食管动力、心理状态和临床相关症状的影响。方法：纳入2020年3月-2021年9月在南京医科大学第一附属医院消化内科住院确诊为食管早期肿瘤及癌前病变拟行内镜治疗的60例患者，根据有无合并吞咽困难将患者分为吞咽困难组和无吞咽困难组，分别比较两组患者在临床特征、高分辨率食管测压（HRM）参数以及焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、胃食管反流病自评量表（GERDQ）评分的差异，分析HRM异常参数与原发病灶参数的相关性。结果：吞咽困难组患者的食管下括约肌（LES）中心点位置低于无吞咽困难组患者，LES静息压、LES残余压、无效吞咽百分比显著高于无吞咽困难组患者（P<0.05），HRM异常参数与原发病灶参数之间未见明显相关性（P>0.05），吞咽困难组患者的SAS、SDS评分高于无吞咽困难组（P<0.05），而两组患者GERDQ评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：食管早期肿瘤及癌前病变患者出现的吞咽困难症状与合并的异常食管动力有关，同时在一定程度上影响了患者的心理状态，对患者的临床相关症状无明显影响。     

Thermogenic and psychogenic recruitment of human eccrine sweat glands: Variations between glabrous and non-glabrous skin surfaces

Human eccrine sweat-gland recruitment and secretion rates were investigated from the glabrous (volar) and non-glabrous hand surfaces during psychogenic (mental arithmetic) and thermogenic stimuli (mild hyperthermia). It was hypothesised that these treatments would activate glands from both skin surfaces, with the non-thermal stimulus increasing secretion rates primarily by recruiting more sweat glands. Ten healthy men participated in two seated, resting trials in temperate conditions (25–26 °C). Trials commenced under normothermic conditions during which the first psychogenic stress was applied. That was followed by passive heating (0.5 °C mean body temperature elevation) and thermal clamping, with a second cognitive challenge then applied. Sudomotor activity was evaluated from both hands, with colourimetry used to identify activated sweat glands, skin conductance to determine the onset of precursor sweating and ventilated sweat capsules to measure rates of discharged sweating. From glandular activation and sweat rate data, sweat-gland outputs were derived. These psychogenic and thermogenic stimuli activated sweat glands from both the glabrous and non-glabrous skin surfaces, with the former dominating at the glabrous skin and the latter at the non-glabrous surface. Indeed, those stimuli individually accounted for ~90% of the site-specific maximal number of activated sweat glands observed when both stimuli were simultaneously applied. During the normothermic psychological stimulation, sweating from the glabrous surface was elevated via a 185% increase in the number of activated glands within the first 60 s. The hypothetical mechanism for this response may involve the serial activation of additional eccrine sweat glands during the progressive evolution of psychogenic sweating.     

Game managers’ views on the release of farm-reared red-legged partridges in hunting estates within central Spain

The release of farm-reared animals for shooting causes frequent conflicts between hunters and conservationists, since, while this management practice is economically important in some game areas, it carries several risks for biodiversity conservation (e.g. the introduction of new pathogens or the release of alien species and/or hybrids). However, these conflicts have received little attention in the literature. In particular, social-psychological factors, which are very important driving conservation conflicts, have been often ignored in the study of releases. Our main goal was to examine attitudes and beliefs of game managers towards the release of farm-reared red-legged partridges in small-game estates within central Spain, where more than 3 million partridges are released annually. Data were collected through face to face interviews with 45 game managers. More than 70% of the interviewed managers expressed negative views towards releases, and these included arguments about their detrimental effect on natural partridge populations, their low effectiveness, and their consideration as artificial hunting. Very negative views predominated among managers who had never released partridges (mostly those of non-commercial estates), and were frequently expressed by those who released partridges occasionally. In contrast, positive views were mostly given by managers who released partridges annually, and arguments used generally referred to the economic benefits of releases. Some managers expressed at the same time both positive and negative views on releases (i.e. ambivalent position). These findings suggest that there exists a relative polarisation among game managers, and that the position of those who were very critical of releases is close to that of conservationists. Our results also suggest that managers’ decision-making regarding releases is likely influenced by a variety of beliefs and attitudes as well as the socioeconomic setting (e.g. economic interest in the outcome of the behaviour). This highlights that the study of different aspects, including social and psychological as well as economic, is essential for understanding and resolving conservation conflicts, such as those caused by releases.     

油田作业人员职业紧张状况调查及心理障碍的影响因素分析

目的:调查油田作业人员职业紧张状况,并分析心理障碍的影响因素。方法:通过分层整群抽样法纳入600例油田作业人员作为研究对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对油田作业人员的职业紧张程度以及心理障碍状况进行评估,并按照SCL-90评分将其分为研究组(SCL-90评分160分)214例与对照组(SCL-90评分≤160分)386例,采用多因素Logistic回归分析油田作业人员心理障碍的影响因素。结果:研究组年龄45岁、受教育程度为本科及以上、工龄20年人数占比均高于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组职业任务问卷(ORQ)、个体紧张反应(PSQ)评分均高于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组重度职业紧张程度人数占比高于对照组(P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现:年龄45岁、受教育程度本科及以上、工龄20年、重度职业紧张均是油田作业人员心理障碍的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:油田作业人员职业紧张状况不容乐观,重度职业紧张、年龄较小、工龄较短及受教育程度较高的油田工作人员发生心理障碍的风险往往较大。临床工作中可通过降低油田作业人员的职业紧张程度,继而达到降低心理障碍发生几率的目的。     

Effects of different environmental enrichment devices on cage stereotypies and autoaggression in captive cynomolgus monkeys

Autoaggression and stereotypies in individually housed cynomolgus monkeys were compared in a standard primate cage and an enriched playpen environment. Stereotypy and autoaggression were markedly reduced in the playpen, but reappeared on return to the home cage. Some of the various activities available in the playpen but not others engaged the animals' attention.     

Economic development,intergenerational mobility,and health in South Korea

A growing number of studies reported the association between social mobility and health. However, few studies investigated whether the association varies by age group. Drawing on the economic environment that facilitated social mobility in South Korea, we postulate each age group had a different extent of social mobility, which would vary with the extent of economic growth and affect the association between social mobility and health. We used data from KDI National Happiness Survey 2018 and measured perceived mobility using respondents’ perceived social position and their parents’ social position. We examined whether social mobility was associated with self-rated health and psychological well-being. The upwardly mobile individuals were more likely than the stable ones to report ‘happy’. Such a positive association between upward mobility and happiness was consistently found when the sample was restricted to the ages 30–59 and 40–49. For self-rated health, the downwardly mobile individuals were less likely to report good health. However, no significant difference in self-rated health was found after the youngest and oldest age groups were excluded. We found that perceived social mobility was strongly associated with psychological well-being rather than self-rated health. Moreover, we found a stronger association between upward mobility and happiness among the aged 40–49, who had the largest proportion of upwardly mobile individuals and spent their adolescence during rapid economic growth. The findings underscore the importance of the economic and social context in which individuals perceive their social position and shape their well-being.     

Relationship between thermophysiological responses and psychological thermal perception during exercise wearing aerobic wear

This paper studies the relationships among human physiological and psychological thermal and moisture responses in tight-fit aerobic wear. Results showed that both physiological and psychological responses were significantly influenced by time, garment, body location and some of their interactions. Objectively measured skin humidity and moisture sensation at individual locations were highly correlated and significant at p levels of 0.01. Overall clothing comfort may be best described with thermal sensation at outer thigh, humidity at inner thigh. The correlation coefficient of predicted with experimental clothing comfort score was 0.76, and a t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the two data sets.