微生物技术“学习情境”项目教学改革探索与实践

针对卫生行业对高职医学生物技术专业人才需求,对接企业就业岗位群,设置微生物技术"学习领域"课程,开发设计来源于企业生产或服务实践的以工作过程为导向的"学习情境"教学单元。强化职业导向,开展理论实践一体化项目教学及云班课互动教学改革。采取多元化考核形式,以产品或项目成果为指引,给学生提供感知和体验工作过程的机会。经过多个学习情境项目教学的长期强化训练,学生积累了适应未来岗位的综合技能和素质。     

以职业技能为导向的“动物微生物学”课程高效课堂构建与实践

动物微生物学是高职院校畜牧兽医专业的一门重要基础课,理论性、技术性、实践性很强,其教学效果对学生后续专业的学习、实践技能的掌握有重要影响。本文从课程教学必须适应培养现代专业技术人才的要求出发,探讨了对"动物微生物学"课程教学进行改革与实践的必要性,提出要通过对教学课时的调整、授课内容的优化、教学方式的创新以及多媒体、翻转课堂、理论与实践一体化(以下简称理实一体化)等多种教学手段的综合使用,构建以职业技能为导向的"动物微生物学"课程高效课堂,努力找出一条培养具有相当的专业理论知识、一定的实践操作技能和较高的职业素养的应用型、复合型专业人才的现实途径。     

“微生物学实验”混合式教学实践与评价

生命科学的本科教学中,实验教学是举足轻重的一个部分。本文以"微生物学实验"课程为研究对象,利用互动网站进行线上线下混合式教学,评价学生的学习效果和规律,探索生命科学实验类课程采用混合式教学的效果,并探讨推广可能性。在连续三年的教学实践中,统计分析各维度数据,发现在混合式教学模式下,绝大部分学生都具有主动自学的能力。同时,实验课程中的深度和广度都有所提升。学习规律的监控和综合评价显示,深度学习的学生在各种评价指标中都显著表现优秀。因此,在混合式教学模式下,如何引导学生进行真实有效的深度学习是教师在新教学模式下的重任。     

《免疫学基础与病原生物学》移动交互式数字教材在“抗疫”时期在线教学中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发以来,全国各级各类学校延期开学,但停课不停教、停课不停学。各学校教师利用各种网络资源开展在线教学,也为深入挖掘"互联网+教育"教学新模式带来了契机。本文以《免疫学基础与病原生物学》移动交互式数字教材(云教材)应用为例,介绍如何应用移动交互式数字教材创设合理的学习情境,从而实现交互式学习,提升线上学习教学效果。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对高校微生物学教学带来的挑战与发展机遇

突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情使得网上在线教学成为这段时间的唯一教学方式。这一方面给高校的广大师生提出了新的挑战,但同时也给近年来一直进行的高等教育开放式教育教学改革发展潮流按下了加速键。《微生物学通报》以"第十七届全国微生物学教学和科研及成果产业化研讨会"为契机邀稿组织出版的这期"高等院校教学主题刊",很好地反映了近年来在开放式教育形势下我国微生物学教学改革与人才培养的最新进展和发展态势,其中也有文章介绍了疫情期间选择和使用线上教学技术的经验。期望该主题刊的出版有助于进一步促进广大微生物学教师强化互联网意识,打造"互联网+"思维,重塑课堂教学形态,通过广大教师间的教改经验交流与合作,进一步促进我国微生物学课程建设水平与教学质量的全面提升。     

“新工科”背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学育人模式的探索

从"新工科"背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学改革的现实意义出发,阐述了构建基于"新工科"要求的环境微生物学课程实践教学模式。该实践教学模式从学科基础实验、校企合作实训、课程设计实践和教学实践德育等4个方面进行设计,要求以提升学生的思想道德素质和实践能力为目标,达到契合环境微生物行业发展需求的目的。实践教学环节有效地加强了师生间的互动交流,激发了学生的实践创新积极性,为培养符合"新工科"要求的复合型、实践型具有环境微生物学知识背景的工程师提供了良好的实践平台。     

Conservation Strategy for African Medicinal Species: <i>In Vitro</i> Biotechnological Approach

The use of medicinal plants for different therapeutic values is well documented in African continent. African diverse biodiversity hotspots provide a wide range of endemic species, which ensures a potential medicinal value. The feasible conservation approach and sustainable harvesting for the medicinal species remains a huge challenge. However, conservation approach through different biotechnological tools such as micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seed production, hairy root culture, molecular markers based study and cryopreservation of endemic African medicinal species is much crucial. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide different in vitro biotechnological approaches for the conservation of African medicinal species. The present review will be helpful in further technology development and deciding the priorities at decision-making levels for in vitro conservation and sustainable use of African medicinal species.     

Dictyosphaerium-like morphotype in terrestrial algae: what is Xerochlorella (Trebouxiophyceae,Chlorophyta)?1

Several strains of terrestrial algae isolated from biological soil crusts in Germany and Ukraine were identified by morphological methods as the widely distributed species Dictyosphaerium minutum (=Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides). Investigation of the phylogeny showed their position unexpectedly outside of Chlorellaceae (Trebouxiophyceae) and distantly from Chlorella chlorelloides, to which this taxon was attributed after revision of the genus Chlorella based on an integrative approach. SSU rRNA phylogeny determined the position of our strains inside a clade recently described as a new genus of the cryptic alga Xerochlorella olmiae isolated from desert biological soil crusts in the United States. Investigation of the morphology of the authentic strain of X. olmiae showed Dictyosphaerium-like morphology, as well as some other characters, common for our strains and morphospecies D. minutum. The latter alga was described as terrestrial and subsequently united with the earlier described aquatic representative D. chlorelloides because of their similar morphology. The revision of Chlorella mentioned above provided only one aquatic strain (D. chlorelloides), which determined its position in the genus. But terrestrial strains of the morphospecies were not investigated phylogenetically. Our study showed that the terrestrial D. minutum is not related to the morphologically similar D. chlorelloides (=Chlorella chlorelloides, Chlorellaceae), and instead represented a separate lineage in the Trebouxiophyceae, recently described as genus Xerochlorella. Therefore, revision of Xerochlorella is proposed, including nomenclatural combinations, epitypifications, and emendations of two species: X. minuta and X. dichotoma. New characters of the genus based on investigation of morphology and ultrastructure were determined.     

Metabolomics meets lipidomics: Assessing the small molecule component of metabolism

Metabolomics, including lipidomics, is emerging as a quantitative biology approach for the assessment of energy flow through metabolism and information flow through metabolic signaling; thus, providing novel insights into metabolism and its regulation, in health, healthy ageing and disease. In this forward-looking review we provide an overview on the origins of metabolomics, on its role in this postgenomic era of biochemistry and its application to investigate metabolite role and (bio)activity, from model systems to human population studies. We present the challenges inherent to this analytical science, and approaches and modes of analysis that are used to resolve, characterize and measure the infinite chemical diversity contained in the metabolome (including lipidome) of complex biological matrices. In the current outbreak of metabolic diseases such as cardiometabolic disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolomics appears to be ideally situated for the investigation of disease pathophysiology from a metabolite perspective.     

Outlier detection methods are still effective even using virtual species created with the probabilistic approach

Liu et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2018, 45 :164–176) presented an approach to detect outliers in species distribution data by developing virtual species created using the threshold approach. Meynard et al. (Journal of biogeography, 2019, 46 :2141–2144) raised concerns about this approach stating that ‘using a probabilistic approach … may significantly change results’. Here we provide a new series of simulations using the two approaches and demonstrate that the outlier detection approach based on pseudo species distribution models was still effective when using the probabilistic approach, although the detection rate was lower than when using the threshold approach.