经皮穴位电刺激联合雷莫司琼对全麻术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的:评价经皮穴位电刺激联合盐酸雷莫司琼对全麻术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响。方法:选择择期拟行全麻腹腔镜手术患者90例,随机分为三组。Ⅰ组手术结束前15 min静脉给予盐酸雷莫司琼0.3 mg,Ⅱ组麻醉诱导前30 min给予经皮电刺激30 min,Ⅲ组重复上述两组操作。分别于入室(T0)、术毕(T1)、术后24 h(T2)采集外周静脉血样,测定胃泌素(GAS)浓度并记录术后24小时内PONV的发生情况。结果:与T0时比较,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组T2时GAS浓度下降,Ⅰ组T2时GAS浓度升高(P0.05);与I组比较,T2时Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组GAS浓度降低(P0.05);与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组术后PONV的发生率及发生的严重程度均下降(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组间PONV发生率及发生的严重程度无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:经皮穴位电刺激可以降低全麻患者术后PONV的发生率,与盐酸雷莫司琼效果相近,二者联用止吐效果更佳,其机制可能与降低GAS浓度有关。     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼对扁桃体切除术患儿苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛的影响

目的:探究七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼对扁桃体切除术患儿苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛的影响。方法:选入我院择期行扁桃体切除术患儿39例,随机将患儿划分为实验组及对照组。对照组18例予七氟醚行吸入诱导及维持麻醉;实验组21例予七氟醚及瑞芬太尼静吸复合维持麻醉。记录两组血压心率,比较两组患儿苏醒期的躁动评分、术后镇痛、及是否发生恶心呕吐情况。结果:实验组总有效率高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患儿的苏醒期躁动评分较低、发生率较低,镇静指数评分较高,呼吸功能恢复快、拔管时间短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组血压及心率较对照组平稳,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼在进行全身麻醉时,麻醉效果良好,能够明显减少苏醒期患儿躁动的发生,降低患儿术后疼痛,并且呼吸系统恢复快,较小影响心血管系统,值得推广。     

两种诊断方法对术后认知功能障碍评估分析

目的：探讨更有利于术后认知功能障碍早期诊断的评估方法。方法：选择青年患者（18-45岁）60例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,在全凭静脉麻醉或椎管内麻醉下行手术;青年健康志愿者30例为对照组,术前一天（T1）,术后3天（T2）行认知功能6项测定。所得结果分别采用1个标准差法（SD）和Z计分法对术后认知功能进行评定。P＆lt;0.05差异有统计学意义。结果：术后3天,依据SD法诊断认知功能受损25/90例（27.8%）,术后认知功能障碍2/90例（2.2%）,Z计分法认知受损18/90（20%）例,认知障碍3/90例（3.3%）,两种诊断方法之间差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。经K系数检验,SD法与Z计分法诊断吻合度无统计学意义（kappa=0.000,P＆gt;0.05）。结论：两种评估方法同时进行评估,可以弥补相互不足,较大程度地避免了术后认知功能受损假阴性的诊断,更有利于术后认知功能障碍的早期发现。     

Clinical proteomics of breast cancer

Despite the lifetimes that increased in breast cancers due to the the early screening programs and new therapeutic strategies, many cases still are being lost due to the metastatic relapses. For this reason, new approaches such as the proteomic techniques have currently become the prime objectives of breast cancer researches. Various omic-based techniques have been applied with increasing success to the molecular characterisation of breast tumours, which have resulted in a more detailed classification scheme and have produced clinical diagnostic tests that have been applied to both the prognosis and the prediction of outcome to the treatment. Implementation of the proteomics-based techniques is also seen as crucial if we are to develop a systems biology approach in the discovery of biomarkers of the early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the outcome of the breast cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the studies that have been conducted thus far, for the discovery of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and evaluate the potential of the discriminating proteins identified in this research for clinical use as breast cancer biomarkers.     

Urotensin II receptor predicts the clinical outcome of prostate cancer patients and is involved in the regulation of motility of prostate adenocarcinoma cells

Urotensin II (UT-II) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and its receptor (UTR) was correlated with human cortico-adrenal carcinoma proliferation. In this study, we have evaluated the correlation between UTR expression and prognosis of human prostate adenocarcinoma and the involvement of this receptor in the regulation of biological properties on both in vivo and in vitro models. UTR mRNA and protein, evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively, were expressed at high levels only in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. In order to investigate UTR changes occurring in human prostate tumorigenesis, we have also evaluated the expression of UTR in vivo in 195 human prostate tissue samples. UTR was always expressed at low intensity in hyperplastic tissues and at high intensity in well-differentiated carcinomas (Gleason 2-3). Moreover, we have evaluated the effects of an antagonist of UTR, urantide on migration and invasion of LNCaP cells. Urantide induced a dose-dependent decrease of motility and invasion of LNCaP cells whose characteristic ameboid movement seems to be advantageous for their malignancy. These effects were paralleled by down-regulating the autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and the integrin surface expression on LNCaP cells. The effects on cell motility and invasion were likely due to the inhibition of RhoA activity induced by both urantide and shRNA UTR. These data suggest that UTR can be considered a prognostic marker in human prostate adenocarcinoma patients.     

地塞米松预防乳癌患者术后恶心呕吐的有效性和安全性的临床研究

目的：分析地塞米松对接受乳癌根治术的患者术后恶心呕吐、血糖、皮质醇、出血和感染的影响,明确其临床使用的有效性和安全性。方法：将160 例择期全麻下行单侧乳癌改良根治术的女性患者随机分为实验组（地塞米松组,n=80）和对照组（生理盐水组,n=80）。检测两组患者术后第1 天和第3 天血糖和血清皮质醇水平,记录术后1～3天恶心呕吐次数和抗呕吐药物的使用量,比较两组术后1 周内出血和感染的发生情况。结果：实验组患者术后第1 天的恶心发生率显著低于对照组,术后1～2 天的呕吐发生率均显著低于对照组,术后第1 天血清皮质醇较对照组显著降低（P〈0.05）。两组患者术后血糖水平比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。术后1 周内,两组患者出血和感染的发生情况比较均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：地塞米松可有效地预防乳癌改良根治术患者术后恶心呕吐,短暂抑制术后内源性皮质醇水平,不增加患者术后高血糖、出血和感染的风险。