Unnoticed ingestion of dislodged fixed prosthesis in an elderly patient

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00408.x
Unnoticed ingestion of dislodged fixed prosthesis in an elderly patient     

公立医院固定资产非效率投资度量实证分析 ——以B地区公立医院为例

基于前期构建的度量理论模型，在参考国外文献基础上结合我国公立医院的实际情况，对理论模型中的变量进行了选择和定义，然后采用多元回归分析构建了B地区公立医院最优投资支出预测函数，并对B地区公立医院的是否出现非效率投资行为进行了判断和度量。     

Challenges in cancer research and multifaceted approaches for cancer biomarker quest

Recent advances in cancer biology have subsequently led to the development of new molecularly targeted anti-cancer agents that can effectively hit cancer-related proteins and pathways. Despite better insight into genomic aberrations and diversity of cancer phenotypes, it is apparent that proteomics too deserves attention in cancer research. Currently, a wide range of proteomic technologies are being used in quest for new cancer biomarkers with effective use. These, together with newer technologies such as multiplex assays could significantly contribute to the discovery and development of selective and specific cancer biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic values for monitoring the disease state. This review attempts to illustrate recent advances in the field of cancer biomarkers and multifaceted approaches undertaken in combating cancer.     

In-school arts education and academic achievement: A child fixed effects approach

The aim of this study was to estimate the within-child associations of in-school arts education and achievement in reading and mathematics, using four waves of data (kindergarten, 1^st-grade, 3^rd-grade, and 5^th-grade) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Fixed effects techniques were applied to adjust for the confounding effects of all stable child characteristics. Arts education (minutes per week of art and music instruction) positively predicted academic achievement and growth in reading and mathematics from kindergarten to 5^th-grade. Moreover, the positive associations increased in strength as students progressed to later grades.     

A Numerical Comparison of Some BAYESian Methods of Estimating a Binomial Parameter

This note considers the optimal and suboptimal sequential and fixed sample size estimation of the unknown binomial parameter, p, for a beta prior distribution for p and under quadratic loss and constant observation cost. A numerical comparison of the methods is presented.     

TCR-Independent Induction of Low Responsiveness by Chemically Fixed Cells in Alloreactive CTL Clones and Its Prevention through Cognate Cell-Cell Interaction

We established BALB/c-derived CD8⁺ CTL clones D2-22 (V_β 6⁺), D2-23 (V_β 8⁺) and D2-24 (V_β 8⁺) specific for B10.D2 minor H antigen. D2-22 and D2-23 proliferated without producing IL-2 in response to X-ray-irradiated antigenic cells, Con A, aCD3, PMA and IL-2. Paraformaldehyde-fixed antigenic spleen cells neither induced proliferation in the presence of costimulatory cells nor inhibited responses to irradiated antigenic cells added simultaneously. Unlike the previously reported results with IL-2-producing CTL clones and Th1 clones, the fixed antigenic cells failed to induce antigen-specific unresponsiveness in these IL-2-nonproducing CTL clones. Instead, the responsiveness of these clones to fresh stimulation was found to be reduced severely after 2 days in the culture added with either antigenic or syngeneic fixed cells. Induction of their antigen-nonspecific low responsiveness by the fixed cells was prevented by adding irradiated syngeneic cells into the culture or even by increasing the concentration of responder D2-23 cells. Close contact of D2-23 and irradiated syngeneic cells was required to prevent the reduction of the responsiveness, although this cognate cell-cell interaction could be replaced by exogenously added IL-2 or PMA. Cytolytic and tumor cell growth inhibitory activities of D2-23 were also reduced by incubation with the fixed cells, which was prevented by the addition of irradiated syngeneic cells. These findings showed the unique properties of IL-2-nonproducing CTL clones in signal requirements for maintaining normal responsiveness for proliferation and cytolytic activity.     

Plant Growth Regulators in Citriculture: World Current Uses

Plant growth regulators (PGRs), both naturally occurring and synthetic, are used extensively in citriculture not only to help growers solve production problems, but also to increase the market value of the crop and to improve grower returns. Yield increases are obtained via an improvement in fruit set, particularly for shybearing cultivars, and/or fruit size, especially for the “small-fruit” group of mandarins. Increased fruit number per tree is achieved indirectly through an increase in flower number as a result of better flower initiation or by a direct effect on fruit set. Improved fruit size is brought about directly by stimulating the growth of fruit tissues or indirectly by reducing fruit number by partial inhibition of flower initiation or by subsequent fruit removal. PGRs are also used to hasten maturity, to delay harvest, and to maintain fruit quality postharvest, resulting in greater profits to the grower. This article provides an overview of current uses of PGRs in citriculture. The reported information is based on an international survey and a review of recent technical and scientific literature published on the subject. Procedures and techniques used to enhance the efficacy of PGRs, including surfactants and compatibility considerations, are presented and discussed. The detailed information presented in the text is summarized in tables designed to provide a convenient reference for researchers and growers alike. Included in the tables are the names of the individuals who were the source of the information. A comprehensive list of these individuals and their addresses follows the tables. Whereas the results of the survey indicate extensive uses of PGRs in citriculture, the authors admit that the survey is incomplete and extend their apologies to researchers in countries not represented in the review and for inadvertent omissions.     

Reduction in population growth under different contraceptive policies

A number of equations for the various population control policies are worked out for a desired reduction in the rate of growth. At the ages of 25 and 30 respectively, 61 and 97% of contraceptive users are necessary to reduce the present rate of growth of 0.026 to 0.010. While at the age of 25 about 69 and 76% contraceptive users are required for the same reduction in the rate of growth, assuming that 25 and 50% would discontinue the use of contraceptives at the age of 35. The birth and death rates in the study area (Varanasi Rural) have remained almost constant for several years, justifying the assumption of a stable population. This study emphasises the need for the use of contraceptive devices at two or more age levels.