The aquatic insects of a standard small plain river in NE France,with emphasis on remarkable species

A five-year macroinvertebrate study was conducted on a 55 km river (le Rupt-de-Mad, Lorraine region, north-eastern France), a standard for the region. A list of 300 species was drawn up, and remarkable species were listed for some better known orders: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata. Some faunistic results are emphasised: about 42% of the identified species were more or less ubiquitous, 26% were meso- to polysaprobic species of potamon, present only in the main course of the river, while 31% were rather stenoecious species restricted to certain tributaries. Fifty-one remarkable species were listed, taking into account their regional status, according to IUCN categories: more than three quarters were hosted in the small tributaries, and 55% found exclusively in these latter (versus 23.5% only present in the main course of the river). Calcareous lotic tributaries were hosting particularly original communities with many remarkable species. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were pertinent groups to assess the global faunistic interest of lotic habitats, but lentic habitats are probably better evaluated using other groups, e.g. Odonata and Coleoptera; the latter unfortunately poorly known from an ecological point of view.     

Variability of the sediment phosphate composition of a temporary pond (Doñana National Park,SW Spain)

This study reports on the spatial and temporal variability of the phosphate composition in the sediment of a temporary pond over a period of 3 years using the EDTA-method for P-fractionation. Sediment samples were collected at three different sites (open-water, littoral and flood plain) to compare the effect of the length of the wet/dry phase on the sediment phosphate composition, with special emphasis on the potential bioavailability of the P-fractions.Fine sediments (<0.1 mm) were rich in organic matter (9–25%) and contained high mean concentrations of Tot-P (182–655 mg kg^–1 d.w.), especially in the flood plain sediment. The sediment P composition was dominated by P-organic fractions at all sites (64–94%). The average C/N ratios were 8.8, 6.0 and 5.9 for sediments of the flood plain, littoral and open-water sites, respectively. The flood plain sediment was significantly poorer in iron-bound P (FeOOHP), but richer in the P-organic fractions extracted by EDTA than the sediment of the open-water site (P<0.01). The percentage of organic matter increased significantly in the sediment of the open-water site at the end of each dry season (P<0.05), while it decreased in the sediment of the flood plain site (P<0.01). In all sediments, the fraction of Fe(OOH)P decreased at the end of each dry season and some of these changes were significant (P<0.05). The decrease in the fraction of Fe(OOH)P was not related to changes in the sediment redox potential. Although the flood plain site was dry longer than the open-water site during the study period, the differences between the sediment composition of both sites were probably due to the effect of plant growth on the dry sediments of the flood plain site rather than to a direct effect of desiccation.     

RFLP genetic linkage maps from four F(2.3) populations and a joinmap of Gossypium hirsutum L

An RFLP genetic linkage joinmap was constructed from four different mapping populations of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genetic maps from two of the four populations have been previously reported. The third genetic map was constructed from 199 bulk-sampled plots of an F_2.3 (HQ95–6×’MD51ne’) population. The map comprises 83 loci mapped to 24 linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 10.0 centiMorgan (cM), covering 830.1 cM or approximately 18% of the genome. The fourth genetic map was developed from 155 bulk-sampled plots of an F_2.3 (119– 5 sub-okra×’MD51ne’) population. This map comprises 56 loci mapped to 16 linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 9.3 cM, covering 520.4 cM or approximately 11% of the cotton genome. A core of 104 cDNA probes was shared between populations, yielding 111 RFLP loci. The constructed genetic linkage joinmap from the above four populations comprises 284 loci mapped to 47 linkage groups with the average distance between markers of 5.3 cM, covering 1,502.6 cM or approximately 31% of the total recombinational length of the cotton genome. The linkage groups contained from 2 to 54 loci each and ranged in distance from 1.0 to 142.6 cM. The joinmap provided further knowledge of competitive chromosome arrangement, parental relationships, gene order, and increased the potential to map genes for the improvement of the cotton crop. This is the first genetic linkage joinmap assembled in G. hirsutum with a core of RFLP markers assayed on different genetic backgrounds of cotton populations (Acala, Delta, and Texas plain). Research is ongoing for the identification of quantitative trait loci for agronomic, physiological and fiber quality traits on these maps, and the identification of RFLP loci lineage for G. hirsutum from its diploid progenitors (the A and D genomes). Received: 23 February 2001 / Accepted: 8 June 2001     

三百年前杭嘉湖地区农业生态系统的研究

一、引言许多世纪以前,中国农民就在江河下游三角洲和几大湖区附近自然条件优越的湿地上建立了高产而稳定的有机农业生态系统。一些古代农学家曾对这些农业生态系统作过大量的研究。《补农书》(亦称《沈氏农书》)记述了明末清初时期长江下游杭嘉湖平原的农业生产技术和农村经济情况。本文试图根据《补农书》所提供的基本信息(张履祥,1658),并参照研究此农书的有关著作(陈恒力,1957;1958;陈恒力和王达,1983)和当时的地方志     

松嫩平原羊草草地土壤水盐运动规律的研究

 羊草草地植物群落的分布与土壤水盐运动有着十分密切的关系。研究结果表明,羊草、拂子茅、獐毛和角碱蓬群落的土壤饱和导水率分别为0.0586cm·h-1,0.0567cm·h-1,0.0175cm·h-1和0.0004cm·h-1。当土壤含水量相同时,角碱蓬群落下土壤水吸力高于羊草群落。在相同的土壤水吸力范围内,角碱蓬群落下土壤非饱和导水率高于羊草群落。因此,角碱蓬群落在春季干旱时,土体内上行水流的数量和强度远远大于羊草群落。夏季降水集中时,角碱蓬群落下土体内下行水流又远远小于羊草群落。造成土体上部甚至表层的盐分积累。     

辽河平原商品粮基地农业生态系统初级生产力影响因素分析

一、引言生产力是评价农业生态系统的重要特性之一。农作物单产一般可代表农业生态系统的初级生产力,它的形成是自然、经济、技术因素综合作用的结果。作物生产力除了受品种的生理遗传特性影响外,还受环境资源(光、热、水分和养分)、集约化水平及灾害性     

河北低平原生态条件对棉花产量的影响

河北低平原生态条件对棉花产量的影响王有增,陈凤瑞（河北省农科院旱作农业研究所,衡水市０５３０００）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓＣｏｔｔｏｎＹｉｅｌｄｉｎＨｅｂｅｉＬｏｗＰｌａｉｎ．￥ＷａｎｇＹｏｕｚｅｎｇ;ＣｈｅｎＦｅｎ...     

三江平原孤立湿地空间分布及其影响因素

以遥感影像为数据源,结合GIS技术,利用空间分析与统计方法对三江平原孤立湿地空间分布特征及影响因素进行定量分析。研究结果表明:孤立湿地的质心偏向西南,其椭圆的长轴方向为东北-西南方向,椭圆周长面积比大于全部湿地(沼泽湿地、河流湿地和湖泊湿地)椭圆周长面积比,分散性明显;孤立湿地的热点地区主要有3个,主要分布在受人为干扰影响较大的三江平原的中部、西北部和西南部;在自然因素影响下,孤立湿地于海拔高度51—54m、坡度1—3度、距离河流12—16km、河流阶地地貌部位处达到最大值;受人为因素的影响,孤立湿地主要分布在居民点、道路和保护区附近,与排水沟渠之间的关系是随着距离的增加,孤立湿地数量呈先增加后减少的趋势。三江平原孤立湿地空间分布是自然因素和人为因素综合作用的结果,人类活动对孤立湿地和非孤立湿地空间分布格局具有不同的影响,应加强对孤立湿地的保护。     

江汉平原农田生态系统B素循环及平衡分析

以江汉平原农田生态系统为研究对象。通过对当地农户小麦－稻,稻－稻,油菜－大豆,油菜－花生,小麦－芝麻,小麦－棉花,青椒－大白菜,萝卜－茄子8种种植模式农田B素的输入,输出和平衡研究。结果表明,B素的输出主要是作物收获,占B素总输出量的44．8％－64．7％;其次是淋溶损失占25％－41．4％,B素流失占总输出量的9．2％－17．4％。B素的主要输入途径是施有机肥和B肥,此外,降雨也是B素输入的主要途径,该区域各种类型农田生态系统B素输入途径大小顺序为菜田：有机肥＞降雨＞灌溉＞自然归还＞无机肥＞种子（种苗）;水田和旱地;降雨＞有机肥＞灌溉＞自然归还＞无机肥＞种子（种苗）。对B素平衡研究表明,该区2种菜田由于有机肥投入较大,普遍盈余,而种稻田由于施用有机肥和秸杆还田归还许多B素,B素亦基本平衡。而种蜡地有1种种植由于有B肥和有机肥的投入,B素盈余较多,而别3种农田由于施化肥而不施有机肥和B肥,B素出现不同程度的亏缺。