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61.
Maria Lourdes A. Cuvin-Aralar 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2014,58(4):306-313
The freshwater knob-tooth prawn Macrobrachium mammillodactylus is a commercially exploited species in the Philippines. To study the biology of this species, broodstock from the wild was collected, transported to the laboratory and kept in pairs in indoor polyethylene tanks for breeding. Eggs from berried females were sampled to follow the stages of embryonic development until hatching to zoea larva. It took 18.0?±?2.1?days for the eggs to hatch at ambient water temperature between 25 and 28?°C. The morphological landmarks of development at the different stages (pre-cleavage, cleavage, blastula, pre-nauplius, post-nauplius and pre-hatching) of the live embryos are described. Incremental percentage staging was adopted from 0% at fertilization to 100% at hatching and were matched with corresponding morphological development. Egg volume increased significantly toward the mid-to-later stages of development. The eye index also showed a significant increase as the egg developed. The colour of the egg mass changed from light olive green to grey as the eggs progressed in development. The general pattern of development was comparable to other members of the genus Macrobrachium. 相似文献
62.
The chrysidid genus Loboscelidia is reviewed and 11 new species are described, including Loboscelidia cinnamonea (Borneo), Loboscelidia fulgens (Viet Nam), Loboscelidia fulva (Thailand), Loboscelidia incompleta (India), Loboscelidia kafae (Borneo), Loboscelidia laminata (Viet Nam), Loboscelidia meifungae (Borneo), Loboscelidia nasiformis (Thailand), Loboscelidia nitidula (Thailand), Loboscelidia pecki (Viet Nam), and Loboscelidia sisik (Borneo). A key to males of the species of Loboscelidia is given. 相似文献
63.
Icthyological results of four rapid assessment surveys are presented. The surveys were completed between 1997–1999 and were conducted at the following localities: Milne Bay (Papua New Guinea), Calamianes Islands (Palawan, Philippines), Togean–Banggai Islands (Sulawesi, Indonesia), and Weh Island (Sumatra, Indonesia). Surveys were conducted over periods ranging from 9 to 22 days and consisted mainly of underwater observations while scuba diving, supplemented with small rotenone and spear gun collections. Milne Bay was characterized by a high percentage of pristine reef environments and supported the largest number of species (1040). Diversity was generally lower at the Philippine and Indonesian sites due to more habitat homogeneity and higher fishing pressure, including the widespread use of illegal fishing methods, including cyanide and explosives. 相似文献
64.
A dwarf form of the spinner dolphin has been reported from the Gulf of Thailand, while more typical large spinner dolphins have been described from Japanese waters and other localities in the western Pacific. These reports have been based on very few specimens. Our purpose in this study was to determine the affinities of spinner dolphins throughout the region based on larger samples and to review their taxonomic status, with an hypothesis of two widespread ecotypic forms, or subspecies. We examined 213 osteological specimens, from a tuna gillnet fishery in the Philippines, from the former Taiwanese shark gillnet fishery in the Timor and Arafura Seas off northern Australia, from the Gulf of Thailand, from other areas in the western Pacific and Southeast Asia, from the eastern Indian Ocean, and from the Central and South Pacific. Results show that spinner dolphins from the deep inner waters of the Philippines conform to the large pelagic type of spinner dolphin that inhabits the Central and South Pacific, the western Pacific and the eastern Indian Ocean. The skull is similar in size and shape to the holotype specimen of S. longirostris (from unknown locality). This form feeds primarily on small mesopelagic fishes and squids. Spinner dolphins from the shallow waters of inner Southeast Asia represented in the sample, including the Gulf of Thailand, Timor Sea and Arafura Sea, are smaller in body and skull size, have fewer teeth and vertebrae, and feed mainly on benthic and coral reef fishes and invertebrates. We hypothesize that this form also inhabits the Java Sea and other shallow waters throughout inner Indonesia and Malaysia. We redescribe a subspecies corresponding to the small form and based on Delphinus roseiventris Wagner 1846 from the Arafura Sea, designating a neotype and paraneotype specimens. 相似文献
65.
The histories of management of the Sumilon and Apo marine reserves in the Philippines provide a stark contrast. Both began
with marine conservation and education programs at the community level, initiated by the Marine Laboratory of Silliman University
in 1973 at Sumilon, and in 1976 at Apo. At both islands community support for the “no take” reserve concept evolved gradually,
via perceived benefits of increased local fish yields and income from tourism. However, Sumilon reserve has been fished down
twice (in 1984,1992), and was still being fished in December 1998. Apo reserve has been protected from fishing successfully
for 16 y (1982–1998). The management histories of these two marine reserves are the longest and most detailed available for
coral reefs. Scientific data spanning 1976–1993 for Sumilon and 1980–1993 for Apo have provided some of the best available
evidence of the utility of such reserves as management tools in coral reef fisheries. At Sumilon, collapse of reserve protection
in 1984, after 9.5 y of restrictions on fishing, led to significant declines in reef fisheries yields in areas adjacent to
the reserve. At Apo, continuous protection from 1982 to 1993 has led to consistent build up of fish in the reserve and some
evidence that local fish yields have increased. The unique time series of scientific data obtained from Sumilon and Apo islands
are the result of their distinct management histories. The greater success of management at Apo was due to community support
for the reserve concept being actively maintained for the past 16 y. Socio-political factors caused the level of community
support for the Sumilon reserve to wax and wane over this period. Both case histories have had a profound effect on marine
resource management in the Philippines. As marine reserve models they had substantial influence on the design of the National
Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS). Policy now encourages co-management between the National government and local communities,
with a strong emphasis on decentralization of decision making and recognition of local territorial use rights in fisheries.
Accepted: 14 May 1999 相似文献
66.
N. C. Perante M. G. Pajaro † J. J. Meeuwig † A. C. J. Vincent †† 《Journal of fish biology》2002,60(4):821-837
Based on 16 months of field observations on tagged seahorses Hippocampus comes in the Philippines, adults were found to be nocturnal, to maintain small home ranges, and to live mostly among corals. Prolonged pair associations suggested that H. comes , like many other seahorse species, were probably monogamous, a conclusion consistent with their low density and sparse distribution. Site and mate fidelity suggest that H. comes populations may fare poorly under current high levels of exploitation. 相似文献
67.
68.
Using the sites of Pagbilao, the Philippines and Pohnpei Island, the Federated States of Micronesia, zonation and development process of mangrove habitats on tidal flats situated in the geomorphic environment excluding estuary, delta, and lagoon or backmarsh behind barrier or beach ridge were discussed from the viewpoint of geomorphology.Zonations of the mangrove forests were observed from seaward to landward in both areas. Most of the zones correspond with the variations of the ground level or deposit. Mangrove peat which has a thickness of about 2 meters was deposited in the main part of the mangrove habitats in both areas. On the other hand, some large Sonneratia alba were observed in the Rhizophora apiculata habitat on Pohnpei Island. The authors presumed that some of the large S. alba have survived by regeneration from fallen stems since the mangrove forest developed on the present site.The maximum depth of the mangrove peat layer reaches 1.7 meter below the present sea level in Pagbilao and over 2.5 meters at Pohnpei Island. The bottom of the mangrove peat was dated at about 2,000 y.B.P. in both areas by the radiocarbon method. The mangrove peat depositional areas have not been moved during the last 2,000 years. Therefore, the mangrove forests seem to have grown in the present sites since 2,000 y.B.P. and accumulated peat in connection with the subsequent sea-level rise. xx]Nomenclature: Scientific names for mangroves follow Tomlinson (1986). xx]Papers presented at the Vth INTECOL Congress at Yokohama 1990. 相似文献
69.
Danilo B. Largo Kimio Fukami Toshitaka Nishijima Masao Ohno 《Journal of applied phycology》1995,7(6):539-543
The most common perception of unfavorable environmental factors causing the ice-ice disease in the farmed seaweeds, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma, was demonstrated in this study for the first time using stressful conditions of abiotic factors in a continuous culture system. Light intensity of less than 50 mol photon m–2 s–1 and salinity of 20% or less induced ice-ice whitening characterized by short segments at midbranches which were similar to those observed in the Philippine seaweed farms, while temperatures of up to 33–35 °C resulted in wide-scale whitening leading to complete damage of the branches. These effects were preceded by slow growth rates from an optimum of 3.7% d–1 to almost –2.0% d–1. Mechanical stress by wound injury did not result to ice-ice whitening similar to the above. Environmental factors observed to trigger ice-ice in the laboratory, although may not necessarily parallel those in the field, may act synergestically to produce similar effects. 相似文献
70.
Complex inter‐island colonization and peripatric founder speciation promote diversification of flightless Pachyrhynchus weevils in the Taiwan–Luzon volcanic belt 下载免费PDF全文
Hui‐Yun Tseng Wen‐San Huang Ming‐Luen Jeng Reagan Joseph T. Villanueva Olga M. Nuñeza Chung‐Ping Lin 《Journal of Biogeography》2018,45(1):89-100