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91.
越北腹露蝗触角感器的扫描电镜观察 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)对越北腹露蝗FruhstorferiolatonkinensisWill.触角的外部形态进行观察的结果表明,蝗蝻和成虫触角均分布有以下6种感器,毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、腔锥形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛,其中锥形感器有长、短锥之分,腔锥形感器有Ⅰ、Ⅱ型之分。芽孢形感器、盾形感器和钟形感器只限于蝗蝻的触角。成虫触角鞭节末端长锥形感器数量多于蝗蝻;而蝗蝻触角鞭节末端短锥形感器数量多于成虫。成虫触角从第9节开始,蝗蝻触角从第11节开始锥形感器和腔锥形感器的数量明显增多。 相似文献
92.
互花米草 (Spartina alterniflora) 和芦苇 (Phragmites australis) 是滨海盐沼湿地的多年生草本植物,从世界范围来看,它们二者具有区域性的相互入侵特征,因此研究生境条件对两物种互侵机制的影响是一个十分有意义的生态学命题。该文运用随机区组实验设计方法,模拟海滩环境、构建人工种群、控制可变因子,研究了外来种互花米草与本地种芦苇分别单种和混种时,叶特征对不同氮水平、不同植株密度的响应。结果表明:随着氮水平的升高,互花米草和芦苇的叶面积无论是在单种还是混种情况下都显著增加 (p<0.05),但混种条件下芦苇的叶面积在高氮水平下增幅减少,这与高氮状况下互花米草与芦苇的竞争加剧有关;氮水平对单种中两种植物的叶数影响最显著 (p<0.01),对混种中互花米草的叶数和芦苇的叶宽影响最大 (p<0.05)。植株密度增加导致种内和种间竞争加剧,无论在单种还是混种处理下,都造成两种植物叶面积的显著减少 (p<0.05)。单种处理中, 两物种的叶数受密度的响应最显著 (p<0.05);而混种处理中芦苇对互花米草的竞争显著减小了互花米草的叶宽和叶数(p<0.05),互花米草对芦苇的竞争则显著减小了芦苇 的叶长、叶宽和叶数 (p<0.05)。两种植物的竞争结果受到氮营养的调控,低、高氮水平下互花米草的种间竞争能力大于芦苇,中氮水平下则是芦苇的种间竞争能力大于互花米草。高氮水平下互花米草通过叶面积的快速增加抑制了芦苇的叶生长,使其叶面积减少,从而在竞争中占据优势,这可能是互花米草入侵我国海滩芦苇种群的机制之一。 相似文献
93.
食用菌中含有多种抗病毒蛋白,可用于植物保护.利用离子交换层析技术和凝胶层析技术,从食用菌毛头鬼伞中提取到抗植物病毒蛋白y3.实验结果表明,y3是一种糖蛋白,利用Western杂交方法可以在发酵菌丝体和子实体中同时检测到,说明可能是组成型表达.根据其N端氨基酸序列,使用RACE-PCR克隆技术,获得了蛋白的氨基酸序列和部分cDNA序列.浓度为2.0 μg/ml时,蛋白y3对烟草花叶病毒(TMV, 20 μg/ml)侵染心叶烟的抑制率为50%,实验同时表明,y3还可抑制病毒在寄主普通烟Nicotiana tabacum var. K326中的复制. 相似文献
94.
Plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province were investigated with all-survey method, where a kind of native grasshopper Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. broke out severely. 108 plant species belonging to 43 families were identified, and some plant indexes in those plant communities including their name, average height, congregation index, total coverage rate, phenological phase and biod were noted. In addition, plant comparability, plant abundance, quantity character and attribute symbol of dominant species in plant communities on riversides were studied. The results showed that the arrangement and distribution of vegetations on riversides offered a favorable habitat for F. tonkinensis. Moreover, the density of first instar nymphs of F. tonkinensis in plant communities was calculated. The results of partial correlation analysis (PCA) about the relationship between plant communities and occurrence of F. tonkinensis showed that Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. was the most palatable plant to F. tonkinensis, presenting a very significantly positive correlation between coverage rate of P. stenoptera and occurrence of F. tonkinensis. The partial correlation coefficient (PCC) was 0.856072 (F=32.92012, P=0.0001). Bambusa flexuosa was a non-preferable plant of F. tonkinensis, presenting a significantly negative correlation between them, and the partial correlation coefficient was ?0.607920 (F=0.16173, P=0.0211). Those results would help us to propose some approaches for the ecology control of F. tonkinensis on riversides in northern Guangdong Province. 相似文献
95.
Relationship of occurrence of Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. and plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province, China
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Plant communities on riversides in northern Guangdong Province were investigated with all-survey method, where a kind of native grasshopper Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will. broke out severely. 108 plant species belonging to 43 families were identified, and some plant indexes in those plant communities including their name, average height, congregation index, total coverage rate, phenological phase and biod were noted. In addition, plant comparability, plant abundance, quantity character and attribute symbol of dominant species in plant communities on riversides were studied. The results showed that the arrangement and distribution of vegetations on riversides offered a favorable habitat for F. tonkinensis. Moreover, the density of first instar nymphs of F. tonkinensis in plant communities was calculated. The results of partial correlation analysis (PCA) about the relationship between plant communities and occurrence of F. tonkinensis showed that Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. was the most palatable plant to F. tonkinensis, presenting a very significantly positive correlation between coverage rate of P. stenoptera and occurrence of F. tonkinensis. The partial correlation coefficient (PCC) was 0.856072 (F=32.92012, P=0.0001). Bambusa flexuosa was a non-preferable plant of F. tonkinensis, presenting a significantly negative correlation between them, and the partial correlation coefficient was −0.607920 (F=0.16173, P=0.0211). Those results would help us to propose some approaches for the ecology control of F. tonkinensis on riversides in northern Guangdong Province. 相似文献
96.
施用城市污泥对小叶黄杨光合特性和生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
城市污泥作为有机肥料施用于园林植物已备受关注.本研究利用温室盆栽试验,分别设置不同用量城市污泥[低量(LC)、中量(MC)和高量(HC)]处理和无机肥(IF)处理,并以不施肥料和污泥为对照(CK),研究不同用量城市污泥对小叶黄杨幼苗光合特性和生长的影响.结果表明:施用城市污泥可以提高小叶黄杨幼苗叶片叶绿素和氮素含量,但随污泥施用量的增加,叶片净光合速率(Pn)呈下降趋势.在生长季的8月,与IF处理和CK相比,LC、MC处理的叶片Pn均提高,而HC处理却较IF和CK分别降低了25.9%和8.9%;至10月,LC、MC和HC处理的叶片Pn均低于IF处理,但LC处理的Pn仍高于CK,而MC、HC处理的Pn均低于CK,其中HC处理的Pn较IF处理和CK分别降低了48.4%和29.2%.IF处理小叶黄杨植株的株高、地径和根长最大,LC处理次之,且地上生物量最大;MC处理除了株高和地上生物量高于CK外,根长和地径均低于CK;而HC处理则严重抑制了根系的生长.小叶黄杨幼苗的城市污泥施用量应限制在30 t·hm-2以内. 相似文献
97.
长白山阔叶红松林不同深度土壤水分特征曲线 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用露点水势仪对长白山阔叶红松林不同深度(0~10 cm的壤土、20~30 cm的白浆土、50~60 cm的黄土)土壤水分特征曲线进行分析.结果表明:不同土层土壤水分特征曲线整体趋势均表现为快速下降-缓慢下降-基本平稳;用Gardner等提出的幂函数方程可较好地反映该区土壤含水量与土壤水势之间的数量关系,拟合方程的相关系数在0.9239~0.9400;不同土层土壤的持水能力大小依次为黄土>壤土>白浆土,土壤含水量随土壤水势降低而减小的速度依次为壤土>白浆土>黄土.不同土层脱湿过程的土壤水分特征曲线位于吸湿过程之下,说明土壤水分存在滞后现象,且滞后时效依次为壤土>黄土>白浆土. 相似文献
98.
不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
采用静态箱-气相色谱法对不同冬季覆盖作物处理[免耕直播黑麦草-双季稻(T1)、免耕直播紫云英 双季稻(T2)、翻耕移栽油菜-双季稻(T3)、免耕直播油菜-双季稻(T4)和冬闲-双季稻(CK)]下稻田甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放进行观测,分析了不同冬季覆盖作物对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响.结果表明:在冬季作物生长期,不同冬季覆盖作物稻田CH4和N2O总排放量与对照(CK)的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);T3和T1处理的稻田CH4和N2O排放量最高,其CH4排放量分别为0.88 和0.60g·m-2,N2O排放量分别为0.23 和0.20 g·m-2;冬季作物还田后,各处理早、晚稻田CH4排放量均明显高于对照.早稻田CH4排放量最高的为T1和T2处理,分别达21.70和20.75 g·m-2;晚稻田CH4排放量最高的为T3和T4处理,分别为58.90和54.51 g·m-2.各处理早、晚稻田N2O总排放量均显著高于对照,T1、T2、T3和T4处理的早稻田N2O总排放量分别比对照增加53.7%、12.2%、46.3%和29.3%,晚稻田分别比对照增加28.6%、3.8%、34.3%和27.6%. 相似文献
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