Hydroxylated chalcones with dual properties: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors and radical scavengers

In this study, we evaluated the abilities of a series of chalcones to inhibit the activity of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) and to scavenge radicals. 20 mono- and polyhydroxylated chalcone derivatives were synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation reactions and then tested for inhibitory potency against XO, a known generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In parallel, the ability of the synthesized chalcones to scavenge a stable radical was determined. Structure–activity relationship analysis in conjunction with molecular docking indicated that the most active XO inhibitors carried a minimum of three hydroxyl groups. Moreover, the most effective radical scavengers had two neighboring hydroxyl groups on at least one of the two phenyl rings. Since it has been proposed previously that XO inhibition and radical scavenging could be useful properties for reduction of ROS-levels in tissue, we determined the chalcones’ effects to rescue neurons subjected to ROS-induced stress created by the addition of β-amyloid peptide. Best protection was provided by chalcones that combined good inhibitory potency with high radical scavenging ability in a single molecule, an observation that points to a potential therapeutic value of this compound class.     

胆囊切除术医源性胆管损伤的处理

目的:探讨开腹胆囊切除术医源性胆道损伤的诊断、手术时机和手术方式的选择。方法:对18例胆道损伤进行分析总结:分别施行了胆管修补、T管引流术10例,保守治疗2例,Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术6例。结果:3例术后过早拔管发生吻合口狭窄,再次手术。1例因梗阻性胆管炎并发肝功能衰竭、多器官功能衰竭死亡。1例因胆肠吻合术后并发消化道出血、肝昏迷死亡。余术后良好。结论:尽早发现及正确处理对提高疗效和预防术后胆管狭窄起着决定性的作用。术中发现胆管损伤立即行端端吻合加T管引流;术后数天发现或多次胆道修补术失败者,则宜行规范的Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术。     

Morphology and ultrastructure of spiracles in phlebotomine sandfly larvae

The morphology and ultrastructure of the larval spiracle system of three phlebotomine sandfly species, Phlebotomus perniciosus, P. perfiliewi and P. papatasi, were examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy and by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). During larval development, thoracic and abdominal spiracles show considerable modifications. In fourth instar larvae, the spiracles consist of a plate with a sclerotized central portion and a peripheral circle of papillae. The latter is distinctive in the larvae of P. papatasi, which are readily distinguished from the other species. Opening clefts across the papillae communicate with an internal chamber that encircles an electrondense plug. Many cylindrical projections cross the chamber, uniting the central plug with the larval body, forming an air filter. Spiracular development in successive larval instars has both a taxonomic and adaptive value.     

核磁共振检测大鼠早期癫痫源性脑损伤的动态发展特征

为探讨癫痫源性脑损伤形成早期不同脑区病理改变和行为发作的动态发展特征 ,本研究对大鼠右背侧海马 (hippocampus,HPC)施加慢性强直电刺激 (6 0Hz,2s,0 .4～ 0 .6mA)诱发癫痫发作 ,1次 /d。每天记录大鼠原发性湿狗样抖动 (wetdogshakes,WEDS)频率 ,分别对大鼠施加电刺激 2、4、6、8和 10d后进行核磁共振成像 (T2 weightedmagneticresonanceimage ,T2 WI)检测 ,并对鼠脑进行了组织学切片鉴定。结果表明 :与空白对照组相比较 ,(1)施加 2d强直电刺激时 ,大鼠双侧背部侧脑室 (lateralventricle,LV)区域呈现对称性T2 WI信号绝对值增加 (n =4,左侧P =0 .0 0 18;右侧P =0 .0 0 10 ) ;施加 6d强直电刺激时 ,大鼠呈现植入电极对侧中、腹部LV区域T2 WI信号值增加 (n =5 ,P =0 .0 0 73;P =0 .0 2 49) ;施加 8d强直电刺激后 ,大鼠仅出现植入电极对侧腹部LV区域T2 WI信号值增加 (n =3,P =0 .0 34 0 ) ;施加 10d强直电刺激后 ,大鼠植入电极同侧腹部LV区域T2 WI信号值增加 (n =4,P =0 .0 10 7) ;(2 )随着强直电刺激天数增加 ,大鼠原发性WEDS频率高峰期出现在第 4个刺激日 ,然后WEDS频率下降 ,与T2 WI信号强度增加之间呈高度负相关关系 (相关系数r =- 0 .987,P <0 .0 2 ) ;(3)组织学切片鉴定 :T2 WI检测LV信号异     

急性脊髓损伤后大鼠电刺激运动诱发电位的变化

目的：比较不同程度脊髓损伤（SCI）与运动诱发电位（MEP）变化之间的关系,探索MEP检查在SCI早期诊断及预后中的价值。方法：27只雄性SD大鼠以改良Allen‘s打击法致伤T8－T9脊髓,按打击冲量随机分为空白对照组（n=5),SCI A组（50gcf,n=8),SCI B组（70gcf,n=8)和SCI C组（100gcf,n=6),采用单极经皮层电刺激,分别于损伤前、伤后即刻、15min、30min、1h、3h和6h连续观察scMEP变化,并计算脊髓出血坏死区域占脊髓横截面积的比率。结果：对照组MEP无显著改变,SCI A组和SCI B组动物MEP早成份波幅立即减低或消失,以后有所恢复,晚成份波消失后未再出现。SCI C组动物除2只大鼠SCI后MEP仍有所恢复外,其余动物再未出现MEP波。脊髓损伤随打击冲量增大而增加,与伤后1h scMEP最大波幅呈显著相关（r=-0.821)。结论：SCI后scMEP的变化程度与打击冲量和脊髓病理损伤面积相关,提示scMEP可以作为一种脊髓功能检测的客观指标。     

The role of calcium ions in freezing injuries of winter oilseed rape leaves. Effects of calcium channel blockers and mimesis by calcium ionophore

Calcium ionophore A23187 allowing for a calcium ion influx from an apoplast to a cytoplasm, mimicked symptoms of the frost-induced injuries in winter oilseed rape leaves, as estimated by the conductivity method. Both calcium ionophore and freezing treatment induced degradation of phosphatidylcholine. On the other hand lanthanum and gadolinum ions as well as verapamil, the inhibitors of calcium ion channels, decreased the degree of the frost-induced injuries. Lanthanum ions prevented the frost-induced degradation of PC. It is proposed that freezing alters the functioning of calcium ion channels which results in calcium ion influx into a cytosol. This in turn may lead to a degradation of cell membranes.     

556例多发伤患者的急诊救治临床分析

目的探讨多发伤患者的救治策略。方法回顾分析我科2000年1月至2008年5月急诊抢救的556例多发伤患者的临床资料。结果 16例患者经抢救无效死亡,死亡率2.88%;其余患者均经紧急抢救及行必要实验室检查,病情稳定,好转率达97.12%。平均抢救时间为(1.37±1.05)h。结论强化多发伤的急诊科早期救治,树立创伤急救"黄金1 h"观念,是提高多发伤患者生存率及降低死亡率的关键。     

Respiratory cytology in malignant lung disease – The thoracic oncologist’s perspective

Respiratory cytology continues to play a central role in the diagnosis and staging of thoracic malignancy, although over time indications have changed. Historically, sputum cytology and endobronchial brushings and washings figured prominently, but with the advent of endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound much greater emphasis is placed on fine needle aspirates from lymph nodes. The advent of targeted sequencing panels for genomic profiling to identify driver mutations and PD-L1 directed immunotherapy means that there is a need to extract increasing amounts of diagnostic and predictive information from ever smaller amounts of diagnostic material. Recent work has demonstrated that cytology samples are well suited to delivering the information required, but in order to understand the limitations of clinical and laboratory techniques, a close working relationship between pathologist and thoracic oncologist is needed to optimise sample procurement and utilisation.