润肺健脾益肾汤对小儿过敏性咳嗽淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数的影响

目的:探讨润肺健脾益肾汤对小儿过敏性咳嗽淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数的影响。方法:选择自2017年5月至2019年1月在盘锦辽油宝石花医院(我院)儿科就诊的过敏性咳嗽患儿128例,根据随机数字表法把患儿分为中药组与对照组,各64例,对照组给予沙丁胺醇治疗,观察组在对照组治疗对的基础上给予润肺健脾益肾汤治疗,两组都治疗观察14 d,记录淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数变化情况。结果:治疗后中药组的总有效率为98.3%,显著高于对照组的88.3%(P0.05)。两组治疗后的1s用力呼气容积(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)和1s用力呼气容积肺活量(Forced vital capacity,FVC)值都显著高于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的血清白细胞介素(interleukine,IL)-4、IL-13水平都显著低于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后的CD4~+T淋巴细胞绝对计数显著高于治疗前(P0.05),中药组也显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组治疗前后CD8~+T淋巴细胞绝对计数比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:润肺健脾益肾汤治疗小儿过敏性咳嗽能提高CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群绝对计数水平,抑制炎症因子的表达,从而改善患儿的肺功能,提高治疗效果。     

Methods of semen collection in an ambulatory greater one-horned rhinoceros (rhinoceros unicornis)

Illegal poaching and reduced habitats have led to the endangered status of rhinoceroses. Collection of semen for preservation and future artificial insemination would therefore increase the reproductive potential of the rhinoceros. Although various collection methods have been attemped with individual rhinos, comparison between methods on a single animal have not been reported. This report details the application of six semen collection techniques on an unsedated and unrestrained greater one-horned rhino. The methods included different types of penile and/or rectal stimulation. Artificial vaginas and an inflatible probe for electroejaculation were specially constructed for semen collection. Of the various methods employed, penile massage consistently resulted in sperm-poor seminal fluid, but when preceded by either rectal massage or electroejaculation, seminal fluid with high sperm concentration was obtained.     

Acute exposure and chronic retention of aluminum in three vaccine schedules and effects of genetic and environmental variation

Like the mechanisms of action as adjuvants, the pharmacodynamics of injected forms of aluminum commonly used in vaccines are not well-characterized, particularly with respect to how differences in schedules impact accumulation and how factors such as genetics and environmental influences on detoxification influence clearance. Previous modeling efforts are based on very little empirical data, with the model by Priest based on whole-body clearance rates estimated from a study involving a single human subject. In this analysis, we explore the expected acute exposures and longer-term whole-body accumulation/clearance across three vaccination schedules: the current US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) schedule, the current CDC schedule using low aluminum or no aluminum vaccines, and Dr. Paul Thomas’ “Vaccine Friendly Plan” schedule. We then study the effects of an implicit assumption of the Priest model on whether clearance dynamics from successive doses are influenced by the current level of aluminum or modeled by the assumption that a new dose has its own whole-body dynamics “reset” on the day of injection. We model two additional factors: variation (deficiency) in aluminum detoxification, and a factor added to the Priest equation to model the potential impact of aluminum itself on cellular and whole-body detoxification. These explorations are compared to a previously estimated pediatric dose limit (PDL) of whole-body aluminum exposure and provide a new statistic: %alumTox, the (expected) percentage of days (or weeks) an infant is in aluminum toxicity, reflecting chronic toxicity. We show that among three schedules, the CDC schedule results in the highest %alumTox regardless of model assumptions, and the Vaccine Friendly Plan schedule, which avoids >1 ACV per office visit results in the lowest (expected) %alumTox. These results are conservative, as the MSL is derived from data used by FDA to estimate safety of aluminum in adult humans. These results demonstrate high potential utility of modeling variation in patient responses to aluminum. More empirical data from individuals who are suspected of being intolerant of aluminum from vaccines, evidenced by high aluminum retention, neurodevelopmental disorders and/or a myriad of chronic illnesses would help answer questions on whether the model predictions can be used to estimate parameter values tied to genetic factors including genomic sequence variation and family history of chronic illnesses tied to aluminum exposure.     

24‐Hour,Weekly, and Annual Patterns in Traumatic and Non‐Traumatic Surgical Pediatric Emergencies

24 h patterns with high frequency components in the incidence of pediatric trauma were validated and quantified in one of our earlier studies. Herein, we further explored the temporal—high frequency, 24 h, weekly (7 d), hemi‐weekly (3.5 d), and annual – patterns in traumatic (1990–1997; n=15,110 events) and non‐traumatic pediatric surgical emergencies (PSE) (1992–2001; n=5,593 events) as well as automobile accidents (AA) (1990–1997; n=67,712) in the County of Vaud, Switzerland. The latter served as a reference system of human adult activity and risk. Two‐way ANOVA, χ2, correlation, and cosinor analyses were used as statistical tools. A 24 h pattern, reproducible from year to year, was validated in traumatic and non‐traumatic PSE and AA. The 24 h patterns were not correlated and differed from one another in terms of their acrophase (peak time) and amplitude. A gender‐related difference was found only in the non‐traumatic time series for weekly (7 d) and hemi‐weekly (3.5 d) patterns. The latter were detected in boys but not girls. No statistically significant difference was found in the acrophase and amplitude between boys and girls in the temporal patterns of other periods. An annual pattern was validated in automobile accidents (acrophase: 4th of September ±37 d (SD)) and pediatric trauma (acrophase: 14th of June ±10 d), but not in non‐traumatic PSE. These results suggest that environmental modulations differ between the incidence of traumatic and non‐traumatic PSE. Presumably, the two phenomena involve different aspects of the temporal organization and/or different levels of susceptibility of a set of biological rhythms to environmental factors.     

金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗婴幼儿厌食症疗效观察

目的 观察金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗小儿厌食症临床疗效.方法 将108例患儿按简单随机抽样法分为治疗组56例和对照组52例,两组均予口服金双歧治疗,治疗组联合四君子合剂治疗,观察两组患儿服药后食欲改善情况.连续治疗6周后,对两组疗效进行对比.结果 治疗组总有效率为92.1％;对照组总有效率为59.6％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 金双歧联合四君子合剂治疗小儿厌食症疗效显著,且安全无不良反应,值得临床推广应用.     

Helicobacter pylori pediatric infection changes FcεRI expression in dendritic cells and Treg profile in vivo and in vitro

H. pylori infection shows an inverse relationship with allergies. Dendritic cells regulate mucosal immune responses including the induction of T regulatory cells which are fundamental in Helicobacter pylori-induced dampening of allergies. In this respect expression of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) has been associated with a regulatory dendritic cell profile. Therefore we aimed to evaluate possible mechanisms by which H. pylori infection might modify atopy in pediatric patients. Here we show that H. pylori-infected children exhibited both increased expression of FcεRI on peripheral myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and higher levels of Foxp3 and Latency Associated Peptide on T regulatory cells. Moreover, exposure to H. pylori drove increased FcεRI expression and IL-10 secretion by both pediatric H. pylori-exposed monocyte derived dendritic cells and T cells. Finally, we show a positive correlation between expression of FcεRI in circulating myeloid DCs and total Treg cells, suggesting that in children, H. pylori infection may have a modulating role in atopy, mediated by both altered surface expression of FcεRI on children's DC and an increased T regulatory cell profile.     

Socioeconomic status and incidence of pediatric leukemia in Canada: 1992–2010

BackgroundLeukemia is the most common cancer among Canadian children, representing about a third of pediatric cancers in Canada and is responsible for about one-third of pediatric cancer deaths. Understanding the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on pediatric leukemia incidence provides valuable information for cancer control and interventions in Canada.MethodsUsing a linked data from the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR), Canadian Census of Population (CCP) and National Household Survey (NHS) we aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of pediatric leukemia from 1992 to 2010. We used the concentration index (C) approach to quantify income- and education-related inequalities in the incidence of pediatric leukemia over time.ResultsThough there were fluctuations in incidence over the study period, our results showed that the total incidence of pediatric leukemia in Canada was generally consistent from 1992 to 2010. Incidence rate of 47 per 1,000,000 as at 1992 rose to 57 per 1,000,000 in 2010. The estimated values of the C over the study period failed to show any significant association between pediatric leukemia incidence and household income or education status.ConclusionsAlthough pediatric leukemia incidence is not rising significantly, it is not reducing significantly either. The incidence of pediatric leukemia showed no significant association with socioeconomic status. Future cancer control interventions should focus more on mitigating risk factors that are independent of socioeconomic status.     

穴位按摩疗法对改善经内镜逆行胰胆管造影治疗患者焦虑的临床研究

目的:探讨采用穴位按摩疗法对经内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)患者进行术前护理的临床效应。方法:将124例患者随机分为对照组和实验组,各62例。对照组采用传统的术前准备和心理护理方法,实验组在对照组的基础上采用穴位按摩疗法进行行为干预,观察2组患者生理指标的变化情况,并用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对2组患者术前及术后焦虑情况进行评估。结果:实验组患者生理指标、焦虑改善情况明显优于对照组。结论:穴位按摩疗法有助于消除患者的焦虑情绪,简单易行,患者痛苦小,提高患者配合治疗的积极性,促进患者早日康复。     

Peptide T bolus normalizes the growth hormone secretion pattern in two children with AIDS

In humans, HIV infection reduces growth hormone (GH) secretion contributing to AIDS wasting. In rats, the HIV envelope protein gp120 alone blocks GH secretion both in vitro and in vivo through GH-releasing hormone receptors. Peptide T, a modified octapeptide derived from gp120, normalizes GH secretion. We now report that an intravenous bolus of peptide T normalizes nocturnal GH secretion in two out of three children with AIDS. These results, coupled with the lack of toxicity of this experimental AIDS therapeutic, justify clinical trials for AIDS wasting and pediatric AIDS. A clinical and basic science update on peptide T appears in Current HIV Research.