Gamma 钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折效果观察与 围手术期并发症的防治

目的：观察采用国产Ganana钉固定手术用于老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效,探讨治疗老年股骨转子间骨折更为有效的方法及围手术期并发症的防治措施。方法：将60例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,按入院的先后顺序随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组采用国产Ganana钉固定治疗,对照组采用L形加压钢板固定治疗。对两种手术的平均切口长度、手术时间和输血量、骨折愈合时间及整体疗效进行对比,并作统计分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用X^2检验。结果：两组切口长度、手术时间和输血量相比,具有显著性差异和非常显著性差异（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。骨折愈合时间和整体疗效相比,也具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,观察组手术疗效优于对照组。结论：Ganana钉用于老年股骨转子问骨折治疗,由于手术呈非开放式或半开放式,具有操作简单、固定可靠、手术创伤小、失血少、不直接影响骨折端血液供应,具有闭合整复固定的优点,有利于骨折的愈合,是治疗老年股骨转子间骨折较为适宜的手术方法。     

股骨近端三维有限元模型评价髋部骨折患者骨密度

目的：探究骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限元模型密度的关系。方法：选取8 例老年髋部骨折,其中4 例股骨颈骨 折,4 例股骨转子间骨折;左侧肢体3 例,右侧肢体5 例。分别测定腰椎骨密度和双侧髋关节CT 资料,运用Mimics软件和abaqus 软件对健侧股骨近端进行重建和计算出该模型的密度。结果：股骨转子间骨折组腰椎骨密度为(-4.05± 0.24) g/cm2,三维有限元模 型密度为[(1.15± 0.02)× 106],均低于股骨颈骨折组的(-3.15± 0.54) g/cm2,[(1.34± 0.06)× 106],两组比较差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。腰椎的骨密度与三维有限元模型密度成线性正相关（r=0.881,P=0.004）。结论：骨密度与老年髋部骨折股骨近端三维有限 元模型密度成线性正相关的关系,可为进一步用有限元分析法探讨老年髋部骨折部位与骨密度的关系提供理论依据。     

T型锁定接骨板治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨老年桡骨远端不稳定性骨折采用桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2013年7月-2015年4月在我院接受治疗的老年桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者80例,根据手术方式不同分为观察组和对照组。观察组患者采用桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗,对照组采用外固定支架治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效及手术安全性。结果:观察组骨性愈合时间少于对照组,掌倾角及尺偏角大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后腕关节功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.048)。观察组患者腕关节慢性疼痛、骨折感染的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定性骨折具有复位效果好、创伤小且安全性高的特点,有一定的临床推广价值。     

Hiding inequality beneath prosperity: patterns of cranial injury in middle period San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile

The Middle Period in San Pedro de Atacama (AD 400–1000) stands out as a time of great prosperity that was, in part, associated with high levels of interaction with foreign polities, including the highland state of Tiwanaku. Although previous studies have demonstrated an increase in rates of violence during the subsequent Regional Developments Period (AD 1000–1400), this does not mean that the Middle Period was a time of peace and tranquility. Here, the prevalence of violence in four contemporary cemeteries is analyzed, exploring potential sources of conflict, including social inequality. Cranial trauma was documented through the presence, location, size, and state of healing of all wounds and was found in 14.7% of the sample (61/415; including two cases of perimortem trauma). Skeletal remains were also analyzed for demographic data to investigate differences in patterns of violence related to sex and age. Notably, most of the trauma centered on the anterior portion of the skull, suggesting the prominence of face‐to‐face confrontations that involved both sexes. Correlations between trauma and items in the mortuary assemblage that may have been associated with prestige or an elevated social standing in two cemeteries from the Solcor ayllu indicate that individuals from the more elite cemetery were subjected to significantly less traumatic injury. These data suggest that people did not share equally in the benefits of this period's affluence and that there were tensions in Atacameño society despite seemingly widespread prosperity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Zinc status is independently related to the bone mineral density,fracture risk assessment tool result,and bone fracture history: Results from a U.S. nationally representative survey

PurposePrevious reports have identified the important role of zinc in bone health. Although the risk of zinc deficiency is still a concern in the U.S., there has never been an in-depth study of the association between zinc status and bone health in a sample representing the country.MethodsWe included 2,895 subjects (aged ≥ 40 years) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 to explore the relationship among three biomarkers of zinc (serum, food, and total intake), the bone mineral density (BMD) of the total spine and femur, the FRAX® scores, and the previous history of bone fractures.ResultsWe showed a one-unit increase in the ln-serum zinc level was associated with an increase in the total spine BMD (ß = 0.068; S.E. = 0.028; P = 0.030) and total femur BMD (ß = 0.061; S.E. = 0.017; P = 0.003), while a one-unit increase in the ln-food zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in the participants (ß = 0.023; S.E. = 0.009; P = 0.021). The ln-total zinc intake amount was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD in women (ß = 0.016; S.E. = 0.007; P = 0.041). We also found food zinc intake was negatively correlated with the FRAX® score, while increased levels of all three zinc biomarkers were associated with a decreased incidence of previous bone fractures.ConclusionsIn this representative survey of American adults above 40 years old, higher zinc status was associated with higher total spine and femoral BMD, lower FRAX® scores, and lower incidence of previous fractures. If this finding is causal, increased zinc intake remains an important issue for Americans.     

微创经皮钢板内固定术与切开复位钢板内固定术治疗胫骨PILON骨折疗效比较研究

目的:对比微创经皮钢板内固定术与切开复位钢板内固定术治疗胫骨PILON骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年11月-2016年1月在我院接受治疗的胫骨PILON骨折患者76例,根据乱数表法将患者分为观察组和对照组各38例。观察组给予微创经皮钢板内固定术,对照组给予切开复位钢板内固定术,对比两组患者手术时间、术后引流量、术后发热时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间及并发症发生率,对比两组患者术后4、8、12个月膝关节功能评分(HSS)、踝关节功能评分(Baird)。结果:观察组手术时间、术后引流量、术后发热时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、住院时间较对照组均显著更少(P0.05);观察组术后4、8、12个月HSS评分和Baird评分较对照组显著更高(P0.05);观察组总并发症发生率较对照组显著更低(P0.05)。结论:与切开复位钢板内固定术比较,微创经皮钢板内固定术能有效减少手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后发热时间以及住院时间,降低并发症发生率,改善患者术后膝、踝关节功能,加快骨折愈合,促进患者康复,值得临床应用。     

胸部创伤的临床研究进展

虽然胸部创伤的处理方法复杂多样,但随着多层螺旋CT的应用以及低侵入性诊断手段如电视辅助胸腔镜和血管内修复技术的发展,胸部创伤的诊断与治疗正变得相对快捷和详尽。近年来,体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)疗法进一步降低了胸部创伤患者的死亡率。本文将就不同胸部创伤及对机体的影响、相关诊断与处理的临床研究进展进行综述。     

锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年2月~2013年2月期间我院收治的复杂胫骨平台骨折92例,按照数字随机法分为观察组(50例)和对照组(42例)。观察组采用锁定钢板内固定治疗;对照组采用传统钢板固定治疗,所有患者术后随访1年以上,观察两组患者临床疗效。结果:①两组患者均顺利完成手术,观察组住院时间、骨折愈合时间和完全负重时间显著低于对照组(P0.05)。②治疗后两组患者胫骨平台后倾角(Posterior tibial angle,PA)、膝关节活动度逐渐升高,内翻角(Tibial plateau angle,TPA)逐渐降低(P0.05),治疗6、12个月观察组PA、膝关节活动度显著高于对照组,TPA显著低于对照组(P0.05)。③所有患者术后随访1年,均获得满意随访。观察组膝总有效率为86.0%;对照组总有效率为66.7%,观察组膝关节总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:锁定钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折具有固定牢靠,骨折愈合时间短,愈合率高等特点,其临床效果较好。     

动力髋螺钉与股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨近端骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:比较动力髋螺钉与股骨近端髓内钉治疗老年股骨近端骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法:收集我院收治的老年股骨近端骨折患者64例,随机分为DHS组和PFN组,每组各32例。DHS组患者给予动力髋螺钉的固定方式,PFN组给予股骨近端髓内钉的固定方式。手术后对患者的手术切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症以及患者临床疗效进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的Harris评分均显著下降(P0.05);与DHS组相比,PFN组患者的手术切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症的发生率以及Harris评分均较低(P0.05)。结论:股骨近端髓内钉的固定治疗老年股骨近端骨折的临床疗效较好,安全性更高。     

对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折疗效比较

目的:比较对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2013年5月至2016年8月诊治的52例股骨远端骨折患者,采用对侧皮质锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(A组:对侧皮质锁定组),采用锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(B组:锁定螺钉组)。记录两组手术出血量和手术时间、切口长度、内固定治疗后骨折愈合时间、内固定治疗后完全负重时间、内固定治疗后并发症发生率等,在每个随访节点对每位患者进行患肢的正侧位X线平片检查,末次随访时对患肢进行膝关节功能评分,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分标准评定患肢功能。骨折愈合的定义为活动时骨折处无痛且在骨折正侧位X线平片上可见到断端骨皮质骨痂连接。术后并发症包括:关节僵硬、内固定断裂、骨不连以及感染等。结果:本研究52例骨折均获得至少12个月的随访。两组在手术相关指标及切口愈合等方面均无明显差异(P均0.05)。在骨折愈合以及完全负重时间方面,A组均显著短于B组(P均0.05)。末次随访时52例患者患肢膝关节功能:A组:优18例,良5例,差4例,优良率88.5%;B组:优15例,良6例,中4例,差1例,优良率80.8%。两组对比A组优良率显著高于B组(P0.05)。两组并发症对比无明显差异:A组发生骨不连2例,骨折内固定断裂2例。B组发生骨不连3例,畸形愈合2例。结论:与传统锁定螺钉相比,对侧皮质锁定螺钉在骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间、术后患肢功能优良率方面具有优势,但在并发症发生率方面没有明显差异。对侧皮质锁定螺钉的治疗指征及自身强度还有待大样本、多中心的临床研究进一步明确。