无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效比较及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响

摘要 目的：比较无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2020年8月～2021年8月期间收治的行单侧甲状腺癌根治术患者80例的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为开放组（开放性手术）和腔镜组（无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术）,例数分别为37例和43例。对比两组疗效、免疫功能、颈部功能、美容学满意度和并发症情况。结果：与开放组相比,腔镜组术中出血量更少,手术时间、住院时间更长,引流液总量更多（P<0.05）,两组中央组淋巴结清扫数组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但腔镜组高于开放组;CD8+升高,但腔镜组低于开放组（P<0.05）。两组术后3d视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分、颈部损伤指数对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腔镜组吞咽障碍指数低于开放组（P<0.05）。腔镜组的总满意率高于开放组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与开放性手术治疗单侧甲状腺癌相比,无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术的手术时间和住院时间虽然延长,但其对患者免疫功能影响更轻,同时还可减轻患者吞咽障碍,获得更好的美容学满意度。     

Effect of stochastic resonance on proprioception and kinesthesia in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients

Low amplitude mechanical noise vibration has been shown to improve somatosensory acuity in various clinical groups with comparable deficiencies through a phenomenon known as Stochastic Resonance (SR). This technology showed promising outcomes in improving somatosensory acuity in other clinical patients (e.g., Parkinson’s disease and osteoarthritis). Some degree of chronic somatosensory deficiency in the knee has been reported following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. In this study, the effect of the SR phenomenon on improving knee somatosensory acuity (proprioception and kinesthesia) in female ACL reconstructed (ACLR) participants (n = 19) was tested at three months post-surgery, and the results were compared to healthy controls (n = 28). Proprioception was quantified by the measure of joint position sense (JPS) and kinesthesia with the threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM).The results based on the statistical analysis demonstrated an overall difference between the somatosensory acuity in the ACLR limb compared to healthy controls (p = 0.007). A larger TDPM was observed in the ACLR limb compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.002). However, the JPS between the ACLR and healthy limbs were not statistically significantly different (p = 0.365). SR significantly improved JPS (p = 0.006) while the effect was more pronounced in the ACLR cohort. The effect on the TDPM did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.681) in either group.In conclusion, deficient kinesthesia in the ACLR limb was observed at three months post-surgery. Also, the positive effects of SR on somatosensory acuity in the ACL reconstructed group warrant further investigation into the use of this phenomenon to improve proprioception in ACLR and healthy groups.     

Intermediate fenestrations reduce flow reversal in a silicone model of Stanford Type B aortic dissection

Pulsatile, three-dimensional hemodynamic forces influence thrombosis, and may dictate progression of aortic dissection. Intimal flap fenestration and blood pressure are clinically relevant variables in this pathology, yet their effects on dissection hemodynamics are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to characterize these effects on flow in dissection models to better guide interventions to prevent aneurysm formation and false lumen flow. Silicone models of aortic dissection with mobile intimal flap were fabricated based on patient images and installed in a flow loop with pulsatile flow. Flow fields were acquired via 4-dimensional flow MRI, allowing for quantification and visualization of relevant fluid mechanics. Pulsatile vortices and jet-like structures were observed at fenestrations immediately past the proximal entry tear. False lumen flow reversal was significantly reduced with the addition of fenestrations, from 19.2 ± 3.3% in two-tear dissections to 4.67 ± 1.5% and 4.87 ± 1.7% with each subsequent fenestration. In contrast, increasing pressure did not cause appreciable differences in flow rates, flow reversal, and vortex formation. Increasing the number of intermediate tears decreased flow reversal as compared to two-tear dissection, which may prevent false lumen thrombosis, promoting persistent false lumen flow. Vortices were noted to result from transluminal fluid motion at distal tear sites, which may lead to degeneration of the opposing wall. Increasing pressure did not affect measured flow patterns, but may contribute to stress concentrations in the aortic wall. The functional and anatomic assessment of disease with 4D MRI may aid in stratifying patient risk in this population.     

Perineal repair of a full‐thickness rectal prolapse in a wild Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)

A Delorme's procedure perineal surgical repair was performed in a wild adult male Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) with a chronic persistent rectal prolapse that had been unsuccessfully treated by 6 previous surgeries. The rectal prolapse did not recur, and the orangutan was successfully released to the wild, 6 weeks later.     

Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases

The chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its ligands are implicated in the progression of tumours and various inflammatory diseases. Activation of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis activates multiple signalling pathways, including the PI3K, p38/ERK, and JAK pathways, and regulates cell survival and migration. The CXCLs/CXCR2 axis plays a vital role in the tumour microenvironment and in recruiting neutrophils to inflammatory sites. Extensive infiltration of neutrophils during chronic inflammation is one of the most important pathogenic factors in various inflammatory diseases. Chronic inflammation is considered to be closely correlated with initiation of cancer. In addition, immunosuppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) against T cells attenuate the anti-tumour effects of T cells and promote tumour invasion and metastasis. Over the last several decades, many therapeutic strategies targeting CXCR2 have shown promising results and entered clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the features and functions of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis and highlight its role in cancer and inflammatory diseases. We also discuss its potential use in targeted therapies.     

Characterization of mapacalcine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels in rat kidney

Mapacalcine receptors have been found to be associated with a Ca(2+) permeability insensitive to all known calcium blockers. Recently, high densities of mapacalcine receptors have been detected in the choroid plexus of rat brain. To determine a possible role for these channels, we have investigated their presence on other structures which, like choroid plexus, are involved in the secretion of biological fluids. Our data demonstrate that there are specific mapacalcine receptors on kidney membranes and glomeruli preparations. The mapacalcine receptors were present in all structures of the kidney. However, autoradiographic data demonstrated that superficial part of the cortex was more labeled than the other part of the kidney. These data would suggest that mapacalcine receptors could play a role in calcium homeostasis.     

Increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with esophageal cancer after perioperative treatment with G-CSF

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to effectively stimulate granulopoiesis, in both neutropenic and in non-neutropenic patients. Recently, other effects of G-CSF on the immune system have attracted interest in treating non-neutropenic patients with a high risk of severe infection. In this phase II trial, we measured the effects of G-CSF on the serum cytokine levels in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy. Twenty subsequent patients (study group, 19 evaluable) received G-CSF (rhG-CSF, Filgrastim) at standard doses (300 microg or 480 microg) subcutaneously 2 days before and up to 7 days after surgery. G-CSF was well tolerated. Leukocytes increased from 7600/microl at study entry (day -2) to a maximum of 45 100/microl (day 6). In the study patients, we found a highly significant (P<0.001) postoperative increase of G-CSF, IL-1ra, sTNFRp55 and sTNFRp75 as compared with the baseline level. In contrast, IL-8 levels were decreased by a factor of 6.8; there were no changes in the very low TNF-alpha levels. The comparison of the study group with a control group of 21 cancer patients undergoing major surgery who were not treated with G-CSF showed significant differences in the serum levels of G-CSF, sTNFRp55, sTNFRp75, and IL-1ra, respectively. There was no infection in the study group up to 10 days after surgery as compared with 29.9% in a historical control group (P=0.008). Thus, the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by G-CSF might be a promising adjuvant treatment of infectious complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy.     

Reversal of Ketamine/Xylazine combination anesthesia by Atipamezole in olive baboons (Papio anubis)

Background  The potential of Atipamezole (ATI) to reverse Ketamine/Xylazine (KET/XYL) anesthesia in the Olive baboon ( Papio anubis ) was studied.
Methods  Anesthesia was induced with 10 mg/kg KET and 0.5 mg/kg XYL intramuscularly. Mean arousal time (MAT), heart rate (HR), systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), rectal temperature, respiratory rate (RR), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were monitored. Baboons were treated with: KET/XYL only, KET/XYL followed by 100 μg/kg ATI or by 200 μg/kg ATI administered 25 minutes after KET/XYL.
Results  Atipamezole rapidly reversed depressed HR and SAP (10 ± 5.2 minutes), RR (5 ± 2 minutes) and SpO₂ (3 ± 6 minutes) and significantly decreased MAT (13 ± 2.2 minutes) vs. KET/XYL alone (35 ± 5 minutes). Emesis was absent and salivation was observed after administration of 200 μg/kg ATI only.
Conclusions  Atipamezole at 100 μg/kg is sufficient for rapid and smooth reversal of KET/XYL anesthesia in the Olive baboon with minimal side effects.     

右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对卵巢癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能和炎症应激反应的影响

摘要 目的：探讨右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼术后镇痛对卵巢癌根治术患者细胞免疫功能和炎症应激反应的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法将2020年2月至2023年2月期间陕西省肿瘤医院120例择期行卵巢癌根治术的患者分为对照组（n=60，术后镇痛药物选用舒芬太尼）和研究组（n=60，术后镇痛药物选用右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼）。对比两组镇静（Ramsay镇静评分）、细胞免疫功能[CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺]、镇痛情况[视觉模拟评分法（VAS）]、不良反应、炎症应激反应[白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、皮质醇（Cor）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）]变化情况。结果：与对照组术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h 相比，研究组同时间点VAS评分更低，Ramsay镇静评分更高（P<0.05）。与对照组术后24 h相比，研究组同时间点CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺更高，CD8⁺更低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比未见差异（P>0.05）。与对照组术后24 h相比，研究组同时间点IL-6、TNF-α、Cor、NE更低（P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼用于卵巢癌根治术患者术后镇痛，镇静、镇痛效果显著，同时还可减轻机体炎症应激反应，缓解免疫抑制。