阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合硫酸特布他林对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和血清IL-6、CRP、PCT水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合硫酸特布他林对肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患儿肺功能和血清白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平的影响。方法：于2018年1月-2019年12月期间,选取80例来我院就诊的MPP患儿,根据入院顺序将患儿分为对照组（40例,阿奇霉素序贯治疗）和实验组（40例,阿奇霉素联合硫酸特布他林治疗）,对比两组疗效、住院时间及临床症状缓解时间、肺功能、不良反应及血清炎症因子水平。结果：实验组的胸片恢复正常时间、住院时间、啰音消失时间、退热时间、咳嗽消失时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后的临床总有效率95.00%（38/40）高于对照组的77.50%（31/40）（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）均高于对照组,IL-6、PCT、CRP均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：阿奇霉素序贯治疗联合硫酸特布他林治疗MPP患儿,可有效缓解临床症状,降低机体炎症反应,改善患儿肺功能,不良反应轻微,协同作用显著。     

A Multicenter Study of Viral Aetiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children in Chinese Mainland

Virologica Sinica - Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. In this study, we aimed to describe the aetiology of viral...     

帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液对流感病毒A型肺炎患儿的成本-效益分析

目的:探讨帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液对流感病毒A型肺炎患儿的成本-效益。方法:选择我院2015年1月至2018年12月收治的96例流感病毒A型肺炎患儿,根据随机数字表法,将96例患儿分为A组及B组,每组48例,A组患儿给予磷酸奥司他韦颗粒,B组患儿给予帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液,对比两组患儿的治疗效果、临床症状消失时间、住院时间、用药成本、成本-效益,对比两组患儿治疗前及治疗后的血常规及肝肾功能,对比两组患儿的不良反应发生率。结果:B组患儿的治疗有效率明显较A组高(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的临床症状消失时间及住院时间明显较对照组低(P<0.05)。A组患儿的平均用药成本明显低于B组(P<0.05),A组的成本-效益较B组低。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患儿的中性粒细胞总数明显升高,白细胞总数、淋巴细胞总数明显降低(P<0.05);而治疗前后,两组患儿的血常规指标对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前后,两组患儿的肝肾功能对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患儿的不良反应发生率较A组高,但组间对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与磷酸奥司他韦相比,帕拉米韦氯化钠注射液对流感病毒A型肺炎患儿的疗效更佳,但其成本-效益较低,临床上可根据患儿实际情况选择用药。     

麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散对支原体肺炎患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散对支原体肺炎患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法:选取我院儿科门诊于2016年12月至2018年7月间收治的86例支原体肺炎患儿,按随机数字表法分为观察组(43例)和对照组(43例)。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合使用麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散治疗,两组均治疗14 d。比较两组患儿疗效及临床症状变化情况,检测并比较两组患儿血清炎症因子、氧化应激指标和T淋巴细胞亚群变化情况,观察两组患儿治疗过程中的不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为93.02%(40/43),高于对照组的76.74%(33/43)(P<0.05)。观察组患儿体温恢复时间、啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间和X线检查恢复正常时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患儿血清白介素-2(IL-2)水平明显升高,而白介素-4(IL-4)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平明显降低(P<0.05);且与对照组比较,观察组患儿治疗14 d后的血清IL-2水平明显较高,而IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显较低(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗5 d后、治疗14 d后,两组患儿血浆丙二醛(MDA)降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗5 d后的血浆MDA明显较低,而SOD水平明显较高(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患儿CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺明显升高,且观察组高于对照组,而两组患儿CD8⁺明显降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻杏石甘汤合玉屏风散治疗支原体肺炎疗效显著,能够缓解临床症状、炎症反应,减轻患儿氧化应激状态,并可提高患儿免疫功能。     

食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素分析

目的:探讨食管癌三维适形放疗前后肺功能、生活质量的变化及放射性肺炎的影响因素。方法:收集2017年11月~2019年11月在我院进行三维适形放疗的食管癌患者102例,对患者放疗前后的肺功能进行检测对比,并采用生活质量评价简表(QLQ-C30)对患者放疗前后的生活质量进行评估对比。统计患者放疗后放射性肺炎的发生率,根据患者放疗后是否发生放射性肺炎将患者分为放射性肺炎组和非放射性肺炎组,对两组患者的临床资料进行对比分析,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响食管癌三维适形放疗后放射性肺炎发生的影响因素。结果:放疗前后患者肺活量(VC)占预计值的百分比、用力肺活量(FVC)占预计值的百分比、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值的百分比、最大通气量(MVV)占预计值的百分比对比无统计学差异(P>0.05),放疗后患者一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)占预计值的百分比低于放疗前(P<0.05)。放疗后患者的QLQ-C30各项评分均低于放疗前(P<0.05)。102例患者中放疗后出现放射性肺炎33例,发生率为32.35%。经单因素分析显示,两组患者在性别、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、肿瘤大小、病理类型、肿瘤位置、合并化疗方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在年龄、合并肺基础疾病、全肺接受20Gy的体积(V20)、全肺照射平均剂量(MLD)方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、合并肺基础疾病、V20≥30%、MLD≥1200cGy是食管癌三维适形放疗后出现放射性肺炎的危险因素(OR=1.309、1.193、1.416、1.309,P<0.05)。结论:食管癌三维适形放疗会对患者的肺部弥散功能、生活质量产生负面影响。部分患者放疗后会出现放射性肺炎,其主要受年龄、肺基础疾病、V20、MLD的影响。     

老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平与疾病严重程度和预后的相关性。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,2018年3月到2021年2月选择在延安大学咸阳医院住院诊治的老年肺炎患者78例作为研究对象,检测血清Apelin-13水平,使用急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统（APACHEⅡ）、CT严重程度指数（CTSI）、序贯性器官功能衰竭评分（SOFA）评定患者的疾病严重程度,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果：所有患者随访到2021年7月1日,平均随访时间为18.47±2.82个月,死亡18例（死亡组）,占比23.1 %。死亡组的性别、年龄、生活行为、体重指数、病程、合并疾病等与非死亡组对比无差异（P>0.05）,但血清Apelin-13表达水平具有差异,且死亡组较非死亡组低（P<0.05）。死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分高于非死亡组（P<0.05）。在78例患者中,Pearson分析显示血清Apelin-13水平与APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分存在负相关性（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：血清Apelin-13水平（OR=3.770）、APACHEⅡ评分（OR=3.624）、SOFA评分（OR=2.422）、CTSI评分（OR=1.842）都为影响患者预后死亡的重要因素（P<0.05）。结论：老年肺炎患者血清Apelin-13水平呈现低表达状况,与患者的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、CTSI评分等疾病严重程度指标存在相关性,也是影响患者预后死亡的重要因素。     

Romanowsky staining in cytopathology: history,advantages and limitations

Abstract

If the entire discipline of diagnostic cytopathology could be distilled into a single theme, it would be the Papanicolaou stain. Yet it was the Romanowsky stain upon which the discipline of cytopathology was founded. Both stains are used today in the cytopathology laboratory, each for a different and complementary purpose. We trace the history of cytopathological stains and discuss the advantages and limitations of Romanowsky-type stains for cytological evaluation. We also provide suggestions for the advantageous use of Romanowsky-type stains in cytopathology.     

Tissue Aspiration and Inverse Finite Element Characterisation of Soft Tissues

In this work we examined the determination of soft tissue parameters via tissue aspiration experiments and inverse finite element characterisation. An aspiration tube was put against the target tissue. The deformation of the tissue inside the tube caused by weak suction was tracked with a video based system. A strain energy function was employed to model the elastic behaviour of soft tissue and viscoelasticity was accounted for by means of a quasi-linear viscoelastic formulation. Friction between the aspiration tube and the aspirated tissue was included in the model. Based on the assumed material model, an optimal set of material parameters was found, in order to best fit the experimental data obtained from ex-vivo experiments on pig kidney cortex. The inverse method resulted in robust determination of the unknown material parameters.     

Modulation of respiratory dendritic cells during Klebsiella pneumonia infection

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe hospital-acquired respiratory tract infections and death but little is known regarding the modulation of respiratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are specialized type 1 interferon producing cells and considered to be classical mediators of antiviral immunity.

Method

By using multiparameter flow cytometry analysis we have analysed the modulation of respiratory DC subsets after intratracheal Klebsiella pneumonia infection.

Results

Data indicate that pDCs and MoDC were markedly elevated in the post acute pneumonia phase when compared to mock-infected controls. Analysis of draining mediastinal lymph nodes revealed a rapid increase of activated CD103⁺ DC, CD11b⁺ DC and MoDC within 48 h post infection. Lung pDC identification during bacterial pneumonia was confirmed by extended phenotyping for 120G8, mPDCA-1 and Siglec-H expression and by demonstration of high Interferon-alpha producing capacity after cell sorting. Cytokine expression analysis of ex vivo-sorted respiratory DC subpopulations from infected animals revealed elevated Interferon-alpha in pDC, elevated IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-13 in CD103⁺ DC and IL-19 and IL-12p35 in CD11b⁺ DC subsets in comparison to CD11c⁺ MHC-class II^low cells indicating distinct functional roles. Antigen-specific naive CD4⁺ T cell stimulatory capacity of purified respiratory DC subsets was analysed in a model system with purified ovalbumin T cell receptor transgenic naive CD4⁺ responder T cells and respiratory DC subsets, pulsed with ovalbumin and matured with Klebsiella pneumoniae lysate. CD103⁺ DC and CD11b⁺ DC subsets represented the most potent naive CD4⁺ T helper cell activators.

Conclusion

These results provide novel insight into the activation of respiratory DC subsets during Klebsiella pneumonia infection. The detection of increased respiratory pDC numbers in bacterial pneumonia may indicate possible novel pDC functions with respect to lung repair and regeneration.