Saprolegnia strains isolated from river insects and amphipods are broad spectrum pathogens

Saprolegnia species are destructive pathogens to many aquatic organisms and are found in most parts of the world. Reports based on phylogenetic analysis suggest that Saprolegnia strains isolated from aquatic animals such as crustaceans and frogs are close to Saprolegnia strains isolated from infected fish or fish eggs and vice versa. However, it has often been assumed that host specificity occurs for each individual isolate or strain. Here we demonstrate that Saprolegnia spp. can have multiple hosts and are thus capable of infecting different aquatic organisms. Saprolegnia delica, Saprolegnia hypogyna, and 2 strains of Saprolegnia diclina were isolated from aquatic insects and amphipods while S. delica, Saprolegnia ferax, Pythium pachycaule, and a Pythium sp. were isolated from the water of a medium to fast flowing river. The ITS region of the rRNA gene was sequenced for all isolates. In challenge experiments, all four isolates from insects were found to be highly pathogenic to eggs of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and embryos of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). We found that Saprolegnia spp. isolated from salmon eggs were also able to successfully establish infection in nymphs of stonefly (Perla bipunctata) and embryos of X. laevis). These results suggest that Saprolegnia spp. are capable of infecting multiple hosts, which may give them an advantage during seasonal variation in their natural environments.     

Validity of ultrasound muscle thickness measurements for predicting leg skeletal muscle mass in healthy Japanese middle-aged and older individuals

Background

The skeletal muscle mass of the lower limb plays a role in its mobility during daily life. From the perspective of physical resources, leg muscle mass dominantly decreases after the end of the fifth decade. Therefore, an accurate estimate of the muscle mass is important for the middle-aged and older population. The present study aimed to clarify the validity of ultrasound muscle thickness (MT) measurements for predicting leg skeletal muscle mass (SM) in the healthy Japanese middle-aged and older population.

Findings

MTs at four sites of the lower limb and the bone-free lean tissue mass (LTM) of the right leg were determined using brightness-mode ultrasonography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively, in 44 women and 33 men, 52- to 78-years old. LTM was used as a representative variable of leg skeletal muscle mass. In the model-development group (30 women and 22 men), regression analysis produced an equation with R² and standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 0.958 and 0.3 kg, respectively: LTM (kg) = 0.01464 × (MT_SUM×L) (cm²) - 2.767, where MT_SUM is the sum of the product of MTs at four sites, and L is length of segment where MT is determined. The estimated LTM (7.0 ± 1.7 kg) did not significantly differ from the measured LTM (7.0 ± 1.7 kg), without a significant systematic error on a Bland-Altman plot. The application of this equation for the cross-validation group (14 women and 11 men) did not yield a significant difference between the measured (7.2 ± 1.6 kg) or estimated (7.2 ± 1.6 kg) LTM and systematic error.

Conclusion

The developed prediction equation may be useful for estimating the lean tissue mass of the lower extremity for the healthy Japanese middle-aged and older population.     

160 例多发性骨髓瘤患者免疫表型特征及其临床意义

目的:研究多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞免疫表型特征及其临床意义。方法:应用直接免疫荧光抗体染色方法,采用四色流式细胞仪分析160例多发性骨髓瘤患者瘤细胞免疫表型特征。结果:160例MM患者中CD38、CD138均为阳性,CD7、CD34、CD3、CD10均为阴性,其他抗体阳性率分别为CD56(61.5%)、CD117(18.8%)、CD19(6.5%)、CD20(12.5%)、c Kappa(71.0%)、c Lambda(76.3%)、CD81(58.1%)、CD45(46.9%)、CD27(14.3%)、CD28(17.4%)、CD33(21.4%)。CD20在小于60岁患者中的表达明显高于60岁以上患者[(78.91±16.84)%vs(38.31±11.29)%(P0.05),CD28在大于60岁患者中的表达明显高于小于60岁的患者[(70.81±19.44)%vs(43.97±11.25)%](P0.05)。CD28、CD45在女性患者中的表达明显高于男性患者[(71.75±25.20)%vs(47.25±12.04)%](P0.05)、[(74.04±19.07)%vs(48.42±25.10)%](P0.05)。CD20的表达在Ⅲ期患者明显高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期患者[(84.82±11.25)%vs(42.01±7.15)%](P0.05),而CD117的表达与此相反[(49.13±14.06)%vs(77.07±25.92)%](P0.05)。在女性患者中,CD81的表达在60岁以上的患者中明显升高[(43.87±24.43)%vs(74.59±22.94)%](P0.05)。在小于50岁的患者中,女性CD117的阳性率明显高于男性[(83.4±0.42)%vs(45.75±2.19)%](P0.05),而CD81的表达与此相反[(39.20±24.14)%vs(81.52±22.05)%](P0.05);在51~60岁的患者中,男性患者CD33的表达明显高于女性[(94.53±3.06)%vs(45.37±15.28)%](P0.05);在60~70岁的患者中,各分子的表达在男女之间无显著统计学差异。在大于70岁的患者中,男性CD117的表达明显高于女性[(70.40±31.40)%vs(53.50±29.98)%](P0.05),而c Kappa的表达与此相反[(32.58±13.90)%vs(76.98±22.42)%](P0.05)。结论:骨髓瘤细胞表达以CD38、CD138抗原为主,仅部分患者可伴有抗原CD56、CD117、CD19、CD20、cKappa、cLambda、CD81、CD45、CD27、CD28、CD33的表达。     

血清WT1 和MDR1 基因表达与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度相关性研究

目的:研究血清Wilms瘤基因(WT1)和多药耐药基因1(MDR1)的表达与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度的相关性。方法:采用实时荧光PCR技术对30例不同期多发性骨髓瘤患者及30例健康者静脉血清进行WT1与MDR1基因表达水平检测,并分析其表达量与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度的影响。结果:多发性骨髓瘤患者的血清WT1与MDR1基因表达水平均明显高于普通健康者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);多发性骨髓瘤分期越高,患者血清WT1与MDR1基因的表达水平则越高,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者的血清WT1与MDR1基因的表达水平两两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);WT1与MDR1基因表达水平与骨髓瘤分期呈明显的正相关性(r=0.406,r=0.451,P0.05)。结论:血清WT1与MDR1基因表达水平与多发性骨髓瘤疾病程度具有明显的正相关性,可能作为多发性骨髓瘤的临床评估预测指标。     

人工髋关节置换术发生股骨假体周围骨折的影响因素分析

目的:探讨人工髋关节置换术患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的相关危险因素,为临床预防和治疗提供参考资料。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月~2015年5月在我院接受人工髋关节置换术的92例患者的临床资料。根据是否发生股骨假体周围骨折将所选患者分为研究组和对照组,每组46例,比较两组患者的性别分布、年龄、骨折类型及假体固定方式等,分析影响患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素。结果:研究组患者骨折类型多为A2型,患者平均年龄、女性患者数及使用生物假体的比例均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者性别、年龄、骨折类型及假体固定方式是人工髋关节置换术患者发生股骨假体周围骨折的危险因素(OR=1.993、2.012和2.363,P0.05)。结论:高龄女性患者是发生股骨周围假体骨折的高危人群,骨质疏松及骨量减少是引发该并发症的主要危险因素。     

闭合复位与切开复位治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效对比

目的:探讨闭合复位与切开复位对桡骨远端骨折患者的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2013年6月至2014年3月我院收治的60例桡骨远端骨折患者,随机数字表法分为切开复位组和闭合复位组,每组30例。闭合复位组患者给予闭合复位小夹板或石膏固定治疗,切开复位组患者给予切开复位内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度、术中出血量和手术时间,骨折愈合时间以及患者临床疗效进行检测并比较。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后患者的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度水平均升高(P0.05);与闭合复位组相比,切开复位组患者掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨长度评分水平较高(P0.05),术中出血量、手术时间水平较高(P0.05),临床治疗的优良率较高(P0.05),两组患者的骨折愈合时间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与闭合复位相比,切开复位能够明显恢复桡骨远端骨折患者的掌倾角、尺偏角以及桡骨长度,但手术时间以及术中出血量较多,临床疗效较好,两组患者的骨折愈合时间无明显差异。     

骨质疏松骨折与非骨质疏松骨折治疗比较

目的:对比骨质疏松骨折与非骨质疏松骨折的临床特点和治疗方式,为骨折的临床诊治提供依据。方法:选取2010年12月至2013年12月在我院接受治疗的骨折患者186例。根据骨质疏松情况,将所选患者分为骨质疏松骨折组和非骨质疏松骨折组,每组各93例。分析并比较两组患者的治病原因、治疗方法以及临床效果。结果:非骨质疏松骨折组患者交通事故和砸伤致伤率均显著高于骨质疏松骨折组,而跌倒伤致伤率低于骨质疏松骨折组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术治疗方式差异无统计学意义(P0.05);骨质疏松骨折组患者保守治疗的临床疗效优于非骨质疏松骨折组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术治疗的临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在临床治疗的实践中,应根据患者骨质疏松病情实施针对性的治疗,从而提升治疗的针对性和有效性。     

Spectral feature differences between shrub and grass communities and shrub coverage retrieval in shrub-encroached grassland in Xianghuang Banner,Nei Mongol,China北大核心CSCD

Aims: Shrub-encroached grassland has become an important vegetation type in China's arid and semi-arid region. Our study objective is to explore the spectral features of shrub and grass communities, as well as their empirical relationships with shrub coverage. The quantitative estimation of shrub cover based on medium-resolution Landsat satellite imagery provides the practical basis for long term retrieval of large areas of shrub expansion in the grassland region. Methods: Linear models and Multiple Endmember Spectral Analysis Model (MESMA) based on medium resolution Landsat satellite imagery were developed to quantify the shrub coverage in a shrub-encroached grassland region in Xianghuang Banner, Nei Mongol using the spectral features and their seasonal differences between the shrub and grass communities. Important findings: Compared to Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii dominated grass communities, Caragana microphylla community had a higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified red edge normalized difference vegetation index (mNDVI705), and red edge slope. The red edge position of C. microphylla community shifted to longer wavelengths. The average and the maximum shrub coverage was 13% and 25%, respectively, in the shrub-encroached grassland based on both models. The correlation coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the linear model was 0.31 and 0.05, respectively. We found that the linear model based on seasonal differences of shrub and grass community was more suitable for retrieving shrub coverage in the study area from medium resolution imagery than the MESMA model that is based on mid-summer images.