秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

Exercise training reverses cardiac aging phenotypes associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in male mice

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common type of HF in older adults. Although no pharmacological therapy has yet improved survival in HFpEF, exercise training (ExT) has emerged as the most effective intervention to improving functional outcomes in this age‐related disease. The molecular mechanisms by which ExT induces its beneficial effects in HFpEF, however, remain largely unknown. Given the strong association between aging and HFpEF, we hypothesized that ExT might reverse cardiac aging phenotypes that contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology and additionally provide a platform for novel mechanistic and therapeutic discovery. Here, we show that aged (24–30 months) C57BL/6 male mice recapitulate many of the hallmark features of HFpEF, including preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, subclinical systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, impaired cardiac reserves, exercise intolerance, and pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Similar to older humans, ExT in old mice improved exercise capacity, diastolic function, and contractile reserves, while reducing pulmonary congestion. Interestingly, RNAseq of explanted hearts showed that ExT did not significantly modulate biological pathways targeted by conventional HF medications. However, it reversed multiple age‐related pathways, including the global downregulation of cell cycle pathways seen in aged hearts, which was associated with increased capillary density, but no effects on cardiac mass or fibrosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the aged C57BL/6 male mouse is a valuable model for studying the role of aging biology in HFpEF pathophysiology, and provide a molecular framework for how ExT potentially reverses cardiac aging phenotypes in HFpEF.     

有氧运动和白藜芦醇对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏JAK2及TGF-β1的影响

目的: 研究有氧运动和白藜芦醇对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏Janus激酶2(JAK2)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,探讨运动与白藜芦醇改善糖尿病肾损伤的可能作用机制。方法: SD大鼠经5周高糖高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型后,将糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病安静组(DC组),糖尿病运动组(DE组),糖尿病药物组(DR组)和糖尿病运动药物组(DER组),每组各12只,另设正常对照组(NC组)。运动组大鼠进行8周的有氧运动(跑速为20 m/min),每天运动60 min,每周运动6 d;药物组大鼠进行8周的白藜芦醇灌胃(每天45 mg/kg,7天/周)。8周末,检测血糖、24 h尿白蛋白(24 h UA)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)的变化;采用荧光定量PCR检测肾脏JAK2 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测肾脏JAK2和TGF-β1的表达。结果: 8周干预后,与NC组相比, DC组血糖浓度、24 h UA、Scr、BUN均显著上升(P＜0.05),肾组织病理损伤加重,肾组织TGF-β1、JAK2和JAK2 mRNA的表达均明显增加(P＜0.05)。与DC组相比,DE、DR和DER组血糖浓度、24 h UA、Scr、BUN均显著下降(P＜0.05),肾组织病理损伤减轻,肾组织TGF-β1、JAK2和JAK2 mRNA的表达均明显减少(P＜0.05),且DER组的降低更显著,与DE、DR组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论: 有氧运动、白藜芦醇及联合干预可能通过下调肾脏JAK2 mRNA表达,抑制JAK2蛋白的合成,使TGF-β1表达减少,从而改善糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的病理性变化。有氧运动联合白藜芦醇干预减轻肾脏病理损伤的效果优于单一的有氧运动或白藜芦醇干预。     

有氧运动对高糖高脂膳食大鼠腓肠肌Nrf2-SOD的影响*

目的: 探讨有氧运动预防大鼠胰岛素抵抗中Nrf2及SOD的变化。方法: 24只12月龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C)、高糖高脂IR组(IR)和高糖高脂IR并运动组(IRE)。IRE进行递增负荷跑台运动,运动6周。检测腓肠肌T-SOD、CAT、MDA、GSH/GSSG,ELISA法检测腓肠肌8-OHdG含量,Western blot检测腓肠肌Nrf2和GLUT4表达。结果: ①IRE组HOMA-IR明显低于IR组(P＜0.05);IRE组肌糖原明显高于IR组(P＜0.01);②IRE组T-SOD和CAT、GSH/GSSG明显高于IR组(P＜0.01);IRE组8-OHdG和MDA明显低于IR组(P＜0.01);③IRE组腓肠肌Nrf2和GLUT4明显高于IR组 (P＜0.01) 。结论: 有氧运动可激活大鼠腓肠肌Nrf2-SOD通路,提高抗氧化酶活性和糖摄取能力,预防IR发生。     

有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠PPARα信号通路的影响及其与PPARγ关系*

目的: 探讨4周有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖血脂的改善作用及其与PPARα和PPARγ的调控关系。方法: 6周龄雄性SD大鼠8周高脂饮食喂养后一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素以建立糖尿病模型大鼠。除普通膳食对照组(Con)外,建模成功的糖尿病大鼠随机分成糖尿病对照组(DM)、糖尿病运动组(TDM)、糖尿病运动加PPARγ激动剂吡格列酮组(TDP)和糖尿病运动加PPARγ抑制剂GW9662组(TDG),每组8只。TDP组和TDG组大鼠在运动前分别补充吡格列酮和GW9662,TDM、TDP和TDG组大鼠进行4周中等强度递增负荷跑台运动(第1周15 m/min,30 min;第2周15 m/min,60 min;第3周20 m/min,60 min;第4周20 m/min,90 min),每周运动6 d,每天1次。运动期间所有大鼠给予普通饲料。最后一次运动结束后36 h,大鼠麻醉、取血,然后处死大鼠、收集肝和腓肠肌。检测空腹血糖血脂指标(血糖、血胰岛素和血脂四项)。Western blot方法检测肝和腓肠肌PPARα、PPARα上游分子腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)和下游分子肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1(CPT1)的蛋白水平。结果: ①与Con组大鼠比较,DM大鼠FBG(＞11.1 mmol/L)和血清TC、TG、LDL水平显著升高(P均＜0.01),表明DM造模成功。②与DM大鼠比较,TDM大鼠血糖血脂改善的同时,肝和腓肠肌PPARα、AMPK和CPT1的蛋白水平均显著升高(P均＜0.01)。③与TDM大鼠比较,TDG大鼠肝和腓肠肌的PPARα和CPT1,以及肝AMPK的蛋白水平无显著变化(仅腓肠肌AMPK显著降低(P＜0.05));而TDP大鼠的肝和腓肠肌PPARα、AMPK和CPT1蛋白水平均显著提高(P均＜0.01)。结论: 有氧运动对DM大鼠血糖血脂的改善作用-与运动激活肝和腓肠肌的AMPK-PPARα-CPT1通路有关。运动对DM大鼠PPARα通路的激活与PPARγ无关,但PPARγ激活可进一步增强运动对AMPK-PPARα-CPT1蛋白水平上调的作用。     

间歇性禁食与运动对骨骼肌自噬的激活及减脂效果的比较*

目的: 以运动作为对比,观察不同时长(14 d、28 d)间歇性禁食的体重控制效果,探究其对骨骼肌质量及自噬的影响。方法: 选取60只SD大鼠(雄)随机分为3组(n=20):安静对照组(Sed组)、间歇性禁食组(InF组)、有氧运动组(Exe组),设实验周期分别为14 d和28 d。InF组采用间歇性禁食(隔日禁食),Exe组施加跑台运动干预,每周记录体重。DEXA检测体脂并计算体脂指数,天平称量比目鱼肌湿重(双侧)并计算湿重指数,免疫荧光检测细胞外基质蛋白laminin反映肌纤维横截面积、检测LC3标记自噬体,透射电镜观察自噬体数量及形态,Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白ULK1、LC3、p62及调控蛋白AMPKα、p-AMPKα(Thr172)的表达情况。结果: ①干预7 d开始,InF、Exe组大鼠体重显著低于Sed组,且InF组体重显著低于Exe组(P＜0.01),28 d干预后InF、Exe组体脂指数显著低于Sed组,且InF组体脂指数显著低于Exe组(P＜0.05)。②干预28 d时Exe组单根肌纤维面积较Sed、InF组明显增大(P＜0.01)。③在各干预时间InF、Exe组比目鱼肌中AMPKα、p-AMPKα(Thr172)、ULK1蛋白表达均显著高于Sed组(P＜0.05),但在14 d干预时仅InF组表现出自噬标记LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ水平的升高及自噬底物p62的降低(P＜0.05),Exe组中该指标在干预28 d时才出现明显差异。结论: ①间歇性禁食在控制大鼠体重、体脂增长方面优于有氧运动。②在骨骼肌自噬激活方面,间歇性禁食所需的干预时间(14 d)短于有氧运动(28 d)。     

Impacto del ejercicio físico en variables relacionadas con el bienestar emocional y funcional en adultos mayores

Background and aimThe benefits of the physical exercise in aging, and specially in frailty, have been associated with reduced risk of mortality, chronic disease, and cognitive and functional impairments. Multi-component training, which combines strength, endurance, balance, and gait training, represents the most beneficial kind of physical exercise in older adults.MethodsGiven the effectiveness of the multi-component training, a physical exercise program «Actívate» (based on the methodology Vivifrail), with the focus on «active aging», was conducted in the present study. Forty-nine older adults over 60 years participated in this program.ResultsThe physical exercise intervention led to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure, pain threshold and sleep disturbances (e. g. hypersomnia) (t ≥ 2.72, p < 0.01), as well as an increase of walking speed (t = 7.84, p ≤ 0.001). Further, quality of life factors (GENCAT scale), like emotional well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, and social inclusion, were greater after intervention (t ≥ ?2.06, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings underline the benefits of multi-component training in functionality of older adults, and further, provide relevant aspects about the modulation of pain perception, sleep disturbances, social factors and physical and emotional well-being. Physical exercise programs such as «Actívate» should be promoted, in order to encourage healthy lifestyle habits, in the older adults’ population.     

Mujeres mayores de 65 años que realizan ejercicio físico supervisado: diferencias en la capacidad física,la actividad física y la calidad de vida en función de su velocidad de la marcha

IntroductionWalking speed (WS) is an easy, quick and inexpensive measure that could be used to discern between older people with greater and lesser function and thus individualize physical exercise programs.ObjectivesTo analyze the differences in physical capacity, physical activity, and quality of life in people over 65 years of age who attended a physical exercise program according to their WS and age.Methods55 women (mean age: 76.67 ± 6.66 years) were divided into groups based on their WS (low WS: ≤ 1.59 m/s and high WS: > 1.59 m/s) and age (older-younger: ≤ 76 years and older-older: > 76 years). The following parameters were compared: 10 Meters Walk Test (10MWT), Arm Curl Test, Handgrip, Chair Stand Test, 8 Foot Up and Go Test (8FUG), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and the Minnesota and The Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires.ResultsThe level of physical activity was higher than 3000 METs/week in all groups. The high WS group had better results in the Arm Curl Test, 10MWT, 8FUG and 6MWT and in the Physical Role and Vitality dimensions of the SF-36 (P < .05). The older-older group had lower weight, BMI and Handgrip (P < .01).ConclusionsThe best results in physical capacity and quality of life are in those women with higher WS, suggesting that WS could be useful to individualize physical exercise programs.