失眠障碍患者脑部CT影像学变化与学习记忆功能变化、临床特征相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨失眠障碍患者脑部CT影像学变化与学习记忆功能变化、临床特征相关性。方法：回顾性选择2018年6月至2021年6月来我院诊治的失眠障碍患者50例,选择同期来我院体检的健康人群30例。两组受试者均使用飞利浦64排CT进行扫描,检测计算额角指数与海马指数,对比两组受试者的额角指数、海马指数,对比两组受试者的临床记忆评分、睡眠质量评分、WCST评分,分析两组受试者的临床症状,分析观察组患者额角指数、海马指数与临床记忆评分、睡眠指数评分、WCST评分、临床症状评分的相关性。结果：观察组的额角指数、海马指数明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的临床记忆评分明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的睡眠质量评分明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的完成测验数、选择错误率、完成第一个应答数、持续错误率、错误应答数明显较对照组高,完成分类数、概念化水平百分比明显较对照组低（P<0.05）。观察组的躯体感觉评分及心理感觉评分明显较对照组高（P<0.05）。额角指数、海马指数与临床记忆评分呈正比,与睡眠质量评分、临床症状评分呈反比,与WCST评分中的完成分类数、概念化水平百分比呈正比,与WCST评分中的完成测验数、选择错误率、完成第一个应答数、持续错误率、错误应答数呈反比（P<0.05）。结论：脑部CT影像学结果发现,失眠障碍存在学习记忆功能变化,与患者的临床特征相关性、睡眠质量存在存在一定相关性。     

Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007-2009 to 2019-2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic

Up-to-date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy and planning, owing to the high burden associated with these disorders. In the first wave of the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face-to-face from November 2019 to March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 interviewed before and 4,618 during the COVID-19 pandemic; age range: 18-75 years). A slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnoses. Trends in 12-month prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental disorders were examined by comparing these rates between NEMESIS-3 and NEMESIS-2 (6,646 subjects; age range: 18-64 years; interviewed from November 2007 to July 2009). Lifetime DSM-5 prevalence estimates in NEMESIS-3 were 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% for mood disorders, 16.7% for substance use disorders, and 3.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over the last 12 months, prevalence rates were 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, and 3.2%, respectively. No differences in 12-month prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic were found (26.7% pre-pandemic vs. 25.7% during the pandemic), even after controlling for differences in socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods. This was the case for all four disorder categories. From 2007-2009 to 2019-2022, the 12-month prevalence rate of any DSM-IV disorder significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%. A stronger increase in prevalence was found for students, younger adults (18-34 years) and city dwellers. These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.     

Differences in Body Image and Depression Among Obese Women With and Without Binge Eating Disorder

Obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) differ from obese non-binge eating (NBE) individuals in a number of clinically relevant ways. This study examined attitudinal responses to various measures of body image in women seeking obesity treatment, by comparing NBE participants (n=80) to those with BED (n=48). It was hypothesized that women with BED would demonstrate greater attitudinal disturbance of body image compared to NBE individuals. It was further hypothesized that significant differences between groups would remain after statistically controlling for degree of depression. Consistent with the primary hypothesis, BED participants reported significantly increased attitudinal disturbance in body dissatisfaction and size perception compared to NBE participants. Although shared variance was observed between measures of depression and body image on some items, several aspects of increased body image disturbance remained after statistically controlling for depression. Treatment implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Lithium Enhances Accumulation of [3H]Inositol Radioactivity and Mass of Second Messenger Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate in Monkey Cerebral Cortex Slices

We previously reported that lithium, in the presence of acetylcholine, increased accumulations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate in brain cortex slices from the guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and mouse. In the mouse and rat, the Li(+)-induced increases required supplementation of the medium with inositol. This probably relates to the following facts: (a) Brain cortices of the mouse and rat contain in vivo concentrations of inositol half of that of the guinea pig. (b) Incubated rat brain cortex slices are depleted of inositol by 80%. (c) The slices require 10 mM inositol supplementation to restore in vivo concentrations. We now show that in monkey brain cortex slices, therapeutic concentrations of Li+ increase accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate level is not increased. Neither inositol nor an agonist is required. The same effects are seen whether inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is quantified by the [3H]inositol prelabeling technique or by mass assay, although mass includes a pool of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate that is metabolically inactive. Thus, in a therapeutically relevant model for humans, Li+ increases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels in brain cortex slices, as was previously seen in lower mammals at non-rate-limiting concentrations of inositol.     

Exploration of disorder in protein structures by X-ray restrained molecular dynamics

Conformational disorder in crystal structures of ribonuclease-A and crambin is studied by including two independent structures in least-squares optimizations against X-ray data. The optimizations are carried out by X-ray restrained molecular dynamics (simulated annealing refinement) and by conventional least-squares optimization. Starting from two identical structures, the optimizations against X-ray data lead to significant deviations between the two, with rms backbone displacements of 0.45 A for refinement of ribonuclease at 1.53 A resolution, and 0.31 A for crambin at 0.945 A. More than 15 independent X-ray restrained molecular dynamics runs have been carried out for ribonuclease, and the displacements between the resulting structures are highly reproducible for most atoms. These include residues with two or more conformations with significant dihedral angle differences and alternative hydrogen bonding, as well as groups of residues that undergo displacements that are suggestive of rigid-body librations. The crystallographic R-values obtained are approximately 13%, as compared to 15.3% for a comparable refinement with a single structure. Least-squares optimization without an intervening restrained molecular dynamics stage is sufficient to reproduce most of the observed displacements. Similar results are obtained for crambin, where the higher resolution of the X-ray data allows for refinement of unconstrained individual anisotropic temperature factors. These are shown to be correlated with the displacements in the two-structure refinements.     

Genomic architecture of autism from comprehensive whole-genome sequence annotation

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Trace elements in children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis based on case-control studies

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that may be related to trace elements. However, reports on the relationship between them are still inconsistent. In this article, we conducted a meta-analysis on this issue. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases as of November 15, 2019. A random-effects model was used, and subgroups of studies were analyzed using samples of different measurements. Twenty-two original articles were identified (18 trace elements, including a total of 1014 children with ASD and 999 healthy controls). In autistic children, the overall levels of barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), lithium (Li), and lead (Pb) were higher. There were significant differences in the levels of copper (Cu) in the hair and serum between autistic children and the control group. The levels of Hg, Li, Pb and selenium (Se) in the hair of autistic children were higher than those of healthy children, while the levels of zinc (Zn) in the blood were lower. Excessive exposure to toxic heavy metals and inadequate intake of essential metal elements may be associated with ASD. Preventing excessive exposure to toxic metals and correcting poor dietary behaviors may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of the disease.     

Neural Correlates of Body Integrity Dysphoria

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