四川平武白马藏族外眼形态学特征

本文对四川省平武县白马藏族212人和绵阳地区汉族251人进行了外眼共九个项目形态学调查。对各项分别进行了生长发育趋势的探讨及性别间、族别间的差异显著性检验。     

海南岛黎族体质特征之研究

黎族的体征明显属黄种人。与其他少数民族相比,在体征上与壮族、布依族、彝族和高山族较相似;与汉族相比,则与广西、广东、福建和湖南的汉族相似。因此,作者认为黎族的体征属华南类型。黎族四个组群间,在容貌上较难区分,但测量的尺寸略有不同,其中(亻考)黎与岐黎较接近,本地黎与美孚黎较接近。     

蒙古族的体格,体型和半个多世纪来的变化

对内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔盟４０４名（男２０８名,女１９６名）２０－６０岁蒙古族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了蒙古族的体格特征和类型,并与半个多世纪以前蒙古族的体质资料进行了比较。     

湖南省江华瑶族自治县瑶族体质人类学初步研究

对湖南省江华瑶族自治县588名17至89岁的瑶族男(349)女(239)进行了活体测量,观察和摄影,并和当地汉族及瑶汉混血进行了比较。     

Sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of early cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in 100 healthy subjects

Sister chromatid exchange rate was studied in 12 early diagnosed cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in their paired controls. Exchange frequencies were also analyzed in 100 healthy subjects distributed in four regions of Hunan Province and correlated to nationality, age and sex. The incidence of sister chromatid exchange was significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the normal controls. No correlation was found between the frequency of sister chromatid exchange and region, nationality, age or sex.Abbreviations NPCC nasopharyngeal carcinoma - SCEE sister chromatid exchange     

四川凉山彝族传统民俗中的植物及其文化意义

凉山彝族传统民俗植物文化在当地彝社会中广泛存在,表现了丰富多彩的文化多样性,集中反映在法术仪式、礼仪、节日庆典等方面。采用关键人物访谈、半结构访谈、参与式观察等方法研究了凉山彝族传统民俗中使用的植物,共调查到102种,其中,跟婚礼相关的植物21种,葬礼植物24种,成人礼植物11种,日常礼仪植物3种;火把节植物14种,彝族年植物15种;法术仪式植物91种。这些民俗植物的文化含义主要表现在驱鬼、生殖崇拜和祖先崇拜三个方面,这与当地彝族崇信鬼神和其崇拜万物有灵的原始宗教有关,是其自然原始宗教和毕摩文化的重要组成。     

Male facial attractiveness and masculinity may provide sex‐ and culture‐independent cues to semen quality

Phenotype‐linked fertility hypothesis (PLFH) predicts that male secondary sexual traits reveal honest information about male fertilization ability. However, PLFH has rarely been studied in humans. The aim of the present study was to test PLFH in humans and to investigate whether potential ability to select fertile partners is independent of sex or cultural background. We found that on the contrary to the hypothesis, facial masculinity was negatively associated with semen quality. As increased levels of testosterone have been demonstrated to impair sperm production, this finding may indicate a trade‐off between investments in secondary sexual signalling (i.e. facial masculinity) and fertility or status‐dependent differences in investments in semen quality. In both sexes and nationalities (Spanish and Colombian), ranked male facial attractiveness predicted male semen quality. However, Spanish males and females estimated facial images generally more attractive (gave higher ranks) than Colombian raters, and in both nationalities, males gave higher ranks than females. This suggests that male facial cues may provide culture‐ and sex‐independent information about male fertility. However, our results also indicate that humans may be more sensitive to facial attractiveness cues within their own populations and also that males may generally overestimate the attractiveness of other men to females.     

石棉地区藏族、彝族和汉族人群肠道微生物菌群构成与分布

目的探讨石棉地区藏族、彝族和汉族人群肠道微生物菌群构成分布情况。方法将2017年7月至2019年7月在我院进行健康体检的并符合纳入和排除标准的125例健康人作为研究对象,其中汉族65例,彝族32例,藏族28例。收集受试健康人群清晨空腹粪便标本,利用高通量测序技术测定石棉地区藏族、彝族和汉族人群粪便样本16S rRNA序列并建立分类操作单元(OTU),分析肠道微生物结构特征及优势菌群,并对各民族人群肠道微生物进行聚类分析。结果共获得514 069条高质量16S rRNA序列,每个样品平均生成序列数为(4 112.55±1 258.67)条;97%相似度归并共获得68 232个OTU,每个样品平均OTU为(545.86±157.49)个;石棉地区汉族人群粪便标本中占优势细菌门为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,彝族及藏族人群粪便标本占优势细菌门为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,菌门水平上丰富度差异存在统计学意义(F=13.810,P0.001;F=17.797,P0.001);石棉地区汉族人群粪便标本优势细菌属为拟杆菌属、栖粪杆菌属,彝族及藏族人群粪便标本优势细菌属为普氏菌属、栖粪杆菌属和拟杆菌属,在拟杆菌属和栖粪杆菌属水平上丰富度差异存在统计学意义(F=39.836,P0.001;F=141.194,P0.001);石棉地区彝族和藏族与汉族人群肠道微生物差异度48%。结论石棉地区藏族和彝族与汉族人群间肠道微生物优势细菌门及细菌属虽相似但在丰富度上存在差异,汉族健康人群肠道微生物菌群呈现不规律、分散聚类现象,彝族、藏族健康人群肠道微生物菌群呈现集中聚类现象,临床应根据种族差异对人群进行膳食指导以调控肠道微生态平衡。