Cell proliferation after ischemic injury in gerbil brain

Summary Tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used to measure cellular proliferation after ischemic injury in gerbil brain. Gerbils were subjected to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries which resulted in areas of necrosis, or infarcts, in the posterior thalamus or midbrain. From 12 h to 10 days following the ischemia, gerbils were injected with ³H thymidine, sacrificed 4 h later, and the brains sectioned. In order to identify astrocytes and monocytes/macrophages, immunocytochemistry was performed prior to autoradiography, using antisera against glial fibrillary acidic protein and endothelial-monocyte reticuloendothelial antigen, respectively. Immunocytochemistry was also used to visualize microvessel laminin, myelin, and leakage of serum albumin. Lastly, a histochemical procedure for acid phosphatase activity was employed to verify cellular phagocytic activity in the wound. A reproducible sequence of reactions took place during the first 10 days after ischemia. Early changes included leakage of albumin and myelin breakdown, followed by arrival of monocytes at 2 days and their differentiation into macrophages by 5 days. These cells exhibited intense proliferation from 2 to 6 days post-ischemia. Microvessel endothelial cells were maximally labeled at 4 days post-ischemia. Hypertrophied astrocytes were apparent at 2 days and proliferated from 3 to 7 days post-ischemia, and by 10 days the wound was replaced by a glial scar.     

微血管减压术在三叉神经痛患者中的应用及预后分析

目的:分析微血管减压术在三叉神经痛患者中的应用及预后效果。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年7月我院收治的86例三叉神经痛患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组43例和对照组43例。对照组予以三叉神经节射频热凝治疗,观察组使用微血管减压术完成治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效,疼痛情况、睡眠情况,生存质量。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组[93.02%(40/43)比72.09%(31/43)](P0.05)。观察组的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表评分(PSQI)显著低于对照组[(3.35±0.31)分、(7.02±0.81)分比(5.68±0.57)分、(8.45±0.92)分](P0.05)。观察组的生存质量评分显著高于对照组[(83.43±8.22)分比(68.98±6.51)分](P0.05)。结论:在三叉神经痛患者中经微血管减压术治疗,能降低患者疼痛程度,提高睡眠质量和生存质量,有利于患者预后的改善。     

Post-transplant cholangiopathy: Classification,pathogenesis, and preventive strategies

Biliary complications are the most frequent cause of morbidity, re-transplantation, and even mortality after liver transplantation. In general, biliary leakage and anastomotic and non-anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) can be recognized. There is no consensus on the exact definition of NAS and different names and criteria have been used in literature. We propose to use the term post-transplant cholangiopathy for the spectrum of abnormalities of large donor bile ducts, that includes NAS, but also intraductal casts and intrahepatic biloma formation, in the presence of a patent hepatic artery. Combinations of these manifestations of cholangiopathy are not infrequently found in the same liver and ischemia-reperfusion injury is generally considered the common underlying mechanism. Other factors that contribute to post-transplant cholangiopathy are biliary injury due to bile salt toxicity and immune-mediated injury. This review provides an overview of the various types of post-transplant cholangiopathy, the presumed pathogenesis, clinical implications, and preventive strategies.     

胃粘膜血流量对大鼠胃粘膜适应性细胞保护作用的影响

采用氢气清除法测定胃粘膜血流量,观察大鼠胃内灌洗低浓度盐酸酒精后灌注高浓度盐酸酒精（０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ＋１５％ＥｔＯＨ）对ＧＭＢＦ和胃粘膜损害的影响。以及ＧＭＢＦ在适应性细胞保护中的作用。结果如下：（１）先用低浓度盐酸酒精作为弱刺激灌注随之以高浓度盐酸酒精作为强刺激灌注,引起胃粘膜适应性保护现象,它表现为：大体操作和损伤深度分别比单独泊组减少４７．０９％和４４．５７％应性现象,它表现为：大体损     

P-cadherin expression in glandular lesions of the uterine cervix detected by liquid-based cytology

OBJECTIVE: To study P-cadherin aberrant expression as a possible marker for cervical adenocarcinomas in cytological samples. METHODS: We studied P-cadherin immunoexpression in liquid-based cervical cytology samples of biopsy-proven cervical lesions. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant correlation between P-cadherin expression and a cytological diagnosis of malignancy, either glandular or squamous (P < 0.0001). Twenty-two of 33 malignant cases showed P-cadherin membrane staining. None of the 30 benign cases tested showed membrane staining, but three of them displayed an aberrant nuclear P-cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that P-cadherin can be used to discriminate between malignant and benign cervical cytological specimens, but not to discriminate glandular from squamous lesions.     

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and other lesions along the coding strand of the exon 5 of the tumour suppressor gene P53 in a breast cancer case-control study

The next-generation sequencing studies of breast cancer have reported that the tumour suppressor P53 (TP53) gene is mutated in more than 40% of the tumours. We studied the levels of oxidative lesions, including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), along the coding strand of the exon 5 in breast cancer patients as well as in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-attacked breast cancer cell line using the ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction technique. We detected a significant ‘in vitro’ generation of 8-oxodG between the codons 163 and 175, corresponding to a TP53 region with high mutation prevalence, after treatment with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase, a ROS-generating system. Then, we evaluated the occurrence of oxidative lesions in the DNA-binding domain of the TP53 in the core needle biopsies of 113 of women undergoing breast investigation for diagnostic purpose. An increment of oxidative damage at the −G− residues into the codons 163 and 175 was found in the cancer cases as compared to the controls. We found significant associations with the pathological stage and the histological grade of tumours. As the major news of this study, this largest analysis of genomic footprinting of oxidative lesions at the TP53 sequence level to date provided a first roadmap describing the signatures of oxidative lesions in human breast cancer. Our results provide evidence that the generation of oxidative lesions at single nucleotide resolution is not an event highly stochastic, but causes a characteristic pattern of DNA lesions at the site of mutations in the TP53, suggesting causal relationship between oxidative DNA adducts and breast cancer.     

Highly efficient de novo mutant identification in a Sorghum bicolor TILLING population using the ComSeq approach

Screening large populations for carriers of known or de novo rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is required both in Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) experiments in plants and in screening of human populations. We previously suggested an approach that combines the mathematical field of compressed sensing with next‐generation sequencing to allow such large‐scale screening. Based on pooled measurements, this method identifies multiple carriers of heterozygous or homozygous rare alleles while using only a small fraction of resources. Its rigorous mathematical foundations allow scalable and robust detection, and provide error correction and resilience to experimental noise. Here we present a large‐scale experimental demonstration of our computational approach, in which we targeted a TILLING population of 1024 Sorghum bicolor lines to detect carriers of de novo SNPs whose frequency was less than 0.1%, using only 48 pools. Subsequent validation confirmed that all detected lines were indeed carriers of the predicted mutations. This novel approach provides a highly cost‐effective and robust tool for biologists and breeders to allow identification of novel alleles and subsequent functional analysis.     

Quantitative and rapid estimations of human sub‐surface skin mass using ultra‐high‐resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Non‐invasive and quantitative estimations for the delineation of sub‐surface tumor margins could greatly aid in the early detection and monitoring of the morphological appearances of tumor growth, ensure complete tumor excision without the unnecessary sacrifice of healthy tissue, and facilitate post‐operative follow‐up for recurrence. In this study, a high‐speed, non‐invasive, and ultra‐high‐resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (UHR‐SDOCT) imaging platform was developed for the quantitative measurement of human sub‐surface skin mass. With a proposed robust, semi‐automatic analysis, the system can rapidly quantify lesion area and shape regularity by an en‐face‐oriented algorithm. Various sizes of nylon sutures embedded in pork skin were used first as a phantom to verify the accuracy of our algorithm, and then in vivo, feasibility was proven using benign human angiomas and pigmented nevi. Clinically, this is the first step towards an automated skin lesion measurement system.

In vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) image of angioma (A). Thin red arrows point to a blood vessel (BV).     

Influence of social mixing and group size on skin lesions and mounting in organic entire male pigs

Alternatives to surgical castration are needed, due to stress and pain caused by castration of male pigs. One alternative is production of entire male pigs. However, changed behaviour of entire males compared with castrated males might adversely affect the welfare of entire males and changes in management procedures and production system might be needed. Elements from the organic pig production system might be beneficial in this aspect. The aim of this article is to investigate the effect of grouping strategy including social mixing and group size on levels of mounting behaviour and skin lesions, hypothesising that procedures that disrupt the social stability (e.g. regrouping) will have a larger negative effect in small groups compared with large groups. Approximately 1600 organic entire male pigs of the breed (Landrace×Yorkshire)×Duroc were reared in parallel in five organic herds, distributed across four batches in a 2×2 factorial design in order to test the influence of social mixing (presence or absence of social mixing at relocation) and group size (15 and 30 animals). Animals were able to socialise with piglets from other litters during the lactation period, and were all mixed across litters at weaning. A second mixing occurred at insertion to fattening pens for pigs being regrouped. Counting of skin lesions (1348 or 1124 pigs) and registration of mounting behaviour (1434 or 1258 pigs) were done on two occasions during the experimental period. No interactive effects were found between social mixing and group size on either skin lesions or mounting frequency. Herd differences were found for both mounting frequency and number of skin lesions. No association between skin lesions and mounting were revealed. Social mixing and group size were shown as interacting effects with herds on mounting frequency (P<0.0001), but with no consistent pattern across all herds. In addition, no effect of social mixing was found on mean number of skin lesions, but more lesions were observed in large groups (P<0.036). This could indicate that keeping entire male pigs in groups of 30 animals as compared with smaller groups of 15 may marginally decrease the welfare of these animals.     

新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女宫颈脱落细胞中HPV Ll 壳蛋白的表达比较

目的:研究HPV L1壳蛋白在在新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女宫颈脱落细胞中的表达情况及差异性。方法:收集2012年9月至2014年3月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院妇科门诊就诊或行宫颈癌机会性筛查的新疆维吾尔族和汉族妇女病例1160例,选择其中HPV感染阳性或TCT阳性或两项同时阳性的465例纳入研究队列,通过免疫细胞化学法检测宫颈脱落细胞中HPV L1蛋白的表达情况。结果:新疆维吾尔族与汉族妇女HPV L1壳蛋白的总阳性表达率比较无显著差异(P=0.964);维吾尔族与汉族妇女正常或慢性炎症组、CIN1组、CIN2组、CIN3组和SCC组HPV L1壳蛋白表达的阳性率比较均无显著差异(P=0.988,0.957,0.803,0.892,1.000)。新疆维吾尔族妇女和汉族妇女HPV L1壳蛋白表达的阳性率在C1N1组为最高,高于正常或慢性炎症组及其它高病变组,且HPV L1壳蛋白表达的阳性率随宫颈病变恶性程度的增加而降低,呈负相关(相关系数=-0.687和-0.379,P0.001)。结论:新疆维吾尔族与汉族妇女宫颈脱落细胞中HPV L1壳蛋白的表达不存在民族差异,但其与宫颈病变的恶性程度呈负相关,可能是宫颈病变的保护性因素之一。