排序方式: 共有122条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
21.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are highly influenced by changes in the microbiota and of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. This review will discuss the effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells, and their influence on outcomes of EAE and MS. 相似文献
22.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2022,29(3):1781-1788
Pheasant reintroduction and conservation efforts have been in place in Pakistan since the 1980 s, yet there is still a scarcity of data on pheasant microbiome and zoonosis. Instead of growing vast numbers of bacteria in the laboratory, to investigate the fecal microbiome, pheasants (green and ring neck pheasant) were analyzed using 16S rRNA metagenomics and using IonS5TMXL sequencing from two flocks more than 10 birds. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cluster analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis was performed using Mothur software against the SSUrRNA database of SILVA and the MUSCLE (Version 3.8.31) software. Results of the analysis showed that firmicutes were the most abundant phylum among the top ten phyla, in both pheasant species, followed by other phyla such as actinobacteria and proteobacteria in ring necked pheasant and bacteroidetes in green necked pheasant. Bacillus was the most relatively abundant genus in both pheasants followed by Oceanobacillus and Teribacillus for ring necked pheasant and Lactobacillus for green necked pheasant. Because of their well-known beneficial characteristics, these genus warrants special attention. Bird droppings comprise germs from the urinary system, gut, and reproductive sites, making it difficult to research each anatomical site at the same time. We conclude that metagenomic analysis and classification provides baseline information of the pheasant fecal microbiome that plays a role in disease and health. 相似文献
23.
24.
Microbiomes exist in all ecosystems and are composed of diverse microbial communities. Perturbation to microbiomes brings about undesirable phenotypes in the hosts, resulting in diseases and disorders, and disturbs the balance of the associated ecosystems. Engineering of microbiomes can be used to modify structures of the microbiota and restore ecological balance. Consequently, microbiome engineering has been employed for improving human health and agricultural productivity. The importance and current applications of microbiome engineering, particularly in humans, animals, plants and soil is reviewed. Furthermore, we explore the challenges in engineering microbiome and the future of this field, thus providing perspectives and outlook of microbiome engineering. 相似文献
25.
Nadja Kabelitz Jirina Machackova Gwenaël Imfeld Maria Brennerova Dietmar H. Pieper Hermann J. Heipieper Howard Junca 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,82(3):565-577
In order to obtain insights in complexity shifts taking place in natural microbial communities under strong selective pressure,
soils from a former air force base in the Czech Republic, highly contaminated with jet fuel and at different stages of a bioremediation
air sparging treatment, were analyzed. By tracking phospholipid fatty acids and 16S rRNA genes, a detailed monitoring of the
changes in quantities and composition of the microbial communities developed at different stages of the bioventing treatment
progress was performed. Depending on the length of the air sparging treatment that led to a significant reduction in the contamination
level, we observed a clear shift in the soil microbial community being dominated by Pseudomonads under the harsh conditions
of high aromatic contamination to a status of low aromatic concentrations, increased biomass content, and a complex composition
with diverse bacterial taxonomical branches.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The online version of an erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
26.
27.
Jonathan E. Ulmer Eric Morssing Vilén Ramesh Babu Namburi Alhosna Benjdia Julie Beneteau Annie Malleron David Bonnaffé Pierre-Alexandre Driguez Karine Descroix Gilbert Lassalle Christine Le Narvor Corine Sandstr?m Dorothe Spillmann Olivier Berteau 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(35):24289-24303
Despite the importance of the microbiota in human physiology, the molecular bases that govern the interactions between these commensal bacteria and their host remain poorly understood. We recently reported that sulfatases play a key role in the adaptation of a major human commensal bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, to its host (Benjdia, A., Martens, E. C., Gordon, J. I., and Berteau, O. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 25973–25982). We hypothesized that sulfatases are instrumental for this bacterium, and related Bacteroides species, to metabolize highly sulfated glycans (i.e. mucins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)) and to colonize the intestinal mucosal layer. Based on our previous study, we investigated 10 sulfatase genes induced in the presence of host glycans. Biochemical characterization of these potential sulfatases allowed the identification of GAG-specific sulfatases selective for the type of saccharide residue and the attachment position of the sulfate group. Although some GAG-specific bacterial sulfatase activities have been described in the literature, we report here for the first time the identity and the biochemical characterization of four GAG-specific sulfatases. Furthermore, contrary to the current paradigm, we discovered that B. thetaiotaomicron possesses an authentic GAG endosulfatase that is active at the polymer level. This type of sulfatase is the first one to be identified in a bacterium. Our study thus demonstrates that bacteria have evolved more sophisticated and diverse GAG sulfatases than anticipated and establishes how B. thetaiotaomicron, and other major human commensal bacteria, can metabolize and potentially tailor complex host glycans. 相似文献
28.
29.
微生物组研究的发展推动了人类不断探索人体微生物群与疾病之间的相关性。然而,微生物组学在动物疫病防控中的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文对动物疫病防控领域中微生物组研究所发挥的6个作用进行了阐述:揭示疾病与菌群的相关性,鉴定新发病原体,确立有益于维持机体健康生长的菌群,筛选疾病防控的新药物和新制剂,开发新疫苗或改进疫苗的使用效果,提出更简单有效的防控措施。 相似文献
30.
Antarctic terrestrial biota are generally limited by the inexorably linked environmental factors of low summer temperature
and lack of available water. However, in parts of the Antarctic, both these factors are changing rapidly on contemporary timescales.
Terrestrial biota have concurrently been faced with changes in the timing of UV-B maxima associated with spring ozone depletion.
The region of the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc has experienced one of the most rapid rates of environmental warming
seen worldwide over the last 30–50 years. Together with local changes in precipitation, this has resulted in a rapid reduction
in extent and thinning of many ice-fields and glaciers, exposing new terrain for colonisation while, at the same time, altering
patterns of water availability in terrestrial habitats. The rapid development of communities on newly-exposed ground is also
facilitated by the existence of soil propagule banks, which contain propagules of both local and exotic origin. In this paper
we collate and review evidence from a range of observational and manipulative studies that investigate the effect of climate
change, especially increased temperature, on the processes of colonisation and subsequent community development by plants
in the Antarctic. Biological changes that have been associated with climate change are visible in the form of expansions in
range and local population numbers amongst elements of the flora. Environmental manipulation experiments further demonstrate
the possibility of large and rapid species and community responses to climate amelioration, with many resident biota responding
positively, at least in the absence of increased competition from exotic colonists. Manipulation studies are also starting
to elucidate more subtle responses to climate changes, at levels ranging from cell biochemistry to habitat and food web structure.
Integrating such subtle responses is vital to improving our ability to understand the consequences of climate change, as these
may lead to much greater consequential impacts on communities and ecosystems.
相似文献