黑龙江依兰早第三纪植物群的古气候分析

对黑龙江依兰煤矿煤层间的大量植物叶痕化石研究表明：依兰植物群有蕨类植物２ 种,裸子植物１０ 种,被子植物５８ 种,分属３４ 科４６属。植物群可分为两个植物组合：一个是下煤层上顶板的矿页岩层化石的组合,称Ａ 段组合,时代为早始新世。植物种类丰富,含有较多常绿阔叶成分,属北亚热带的常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶、针阔叶混生林。通过植物叶相特征分析,其全缘叶比例为３８％ 。用气候诺模图得出其古气候为年均温１３．２℃,年温差２０℃;另一个植物组合是煤系地层之上,即上煤层顶部的油页岩层中的Ｂ段化石组合,时代为早渐新世。植物以落叶成分为主,属暖温带落叶阔叶林和针阔叶混生林。全缘叶比例为３０％ 。古气候年均温为１１℃,年温差２５℃。表明植物区系组成完全不同,显示出气候随时代发生了演变,而使区系逐渐发展到今日的寒温带气候和植被     

忍冬科(狭义)植物地理及其对认识东亚植物区系的意义

本文所谓狭义的忍冬科,包含4族、12属即忍冬族(忍冬属、鬼吹箫属),北极花族(毛核属,糯米条属、六道木属、北极花属、双盾木属、猬实属、七子花属),锦带花族(德维花属、锦带花属)和莛子？族(莛子？属)。基于它们的分布、化石资料和以木本为主的特性,忍冬科可认为是一个古老的科,可能起源于晚白垩纪或早第三纪。又基于以下事实：在东亚糯米条属、莛子？属和锦带花属中,可见到一系列的系统发育列;东亚特有的七子花属,是联系忍冬族和北极花族的一个中间纽带;东亚不但有较高比例的古特有属,还有一些新特有属;由此,我们认为东亚是该科的多样化中心。在化石和细胞学资料不充分的情况下,我们仅根据三个主要特征,如属的系统位置是否孤立,与近缘属的分布区是否间断及属内的分化类型的多寡和种间的区别是否明显,试图将6个东亚特有属归为三类：七子花属、双盾木属和猬实属作为古特有属,锦带花属作为活化了的古特有属,六道木属和鬼吹箫属作为新特有属。     

甘肃稀有濒危植物的地理分布和区系特征

分析了甘肃稀有濒危植物５１个种的地理分布和４８个属的分布区类型及其区系特征。     

Differences between oligotrophic communities resulting from old-field succession in relation to bedrock

Dehesa ecosystems on granite and on slate clearly differ in soil characteristics. Our aim was to find out whether floristic composition differed too.we selected an equal number of plots, on both granite and slate, in different successional stages of development and at various ages after field abandonment (the youngest 15–20 years). Plots with rock-outcrops, which had never been cultivated, were also included in the study.The results showed that floristic differences between granite and slate communities were not detectable in the younger successional stages. However, they showed up with time and on stabilized grasslands became significant. But on plots with rock-outcrops the differences were not observable. This was undoubtedly influenced by the peculiar features of these plots, characterised by poor arid soils and surface parent material. In fact they did not show significant differences in the analysed soil parameters either.Species diversity and biomass showed a similar pattern of differences to floristic composition. The highest species diversity was found on plots with lower biomass (the youngest ones). The lowest biomass in conjunction with quite low species diversity was found on plots with rock-outcrops, which again is consistent with their peculiar features.     

对双歧杆菌DM9227菌株的实验研究IV对双歧杆菌DM9227菌株生物学特性的研究

本文对双歧杆菌ＤＭ９２２７菌株进行了形态学、生化反应特性、代谢酸分析及抗生素敏感性的研究。综合有关试验结果,初步认为该菌属婴儿双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｉｎｆａｎｔｉｓ）。     

Spawning and distribution of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (L.) in the northwestern Mediterranean

The present study was carried out on the Catalan coast, the northern limit of the geographic distribution of Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) in the Mediterranean. Within the area studied, both larvae and adults were more abundant in the southern part, where surface temperature was slightly higher than in the north. Spawning of P. saltatrix was limited to the warmest months, from July to September, when the surface temperature was about 25° C, The most common larval sizes, between 2.25 and 2.75 mm s.l. , were distributed over the continental shelf, and the greatest concentrations were found between 20 and 100 m, suggesting an inshore spawning. Larvae, including the smallest sizes, were found in the most superficial layers and no evidence of vertical migration was observed. The species was regularly fished in the southern zone, maximum monthly catches ranging between 10–20 tonnes. The presence of adults in the coastal zone showed a marked seasonality closely related to temperatur, the lowest catches corresponding to the coldest months.     

THE CALCAREOUS RESTING CYST OF PENTAPHARSODINIUM TYRRHENICUM COMB. NOV. (DINOPHYCEAE)1

While investigating dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface sediments of the Gulfs of Naples and Salerno (Mediterranean Sea), we found a new calcareous resting cyst. This cyst has a round to oval body surrounded by a thick mineral layer, which gives it the shape of a Napoleon hat, with a flat, oval face bearing the archeopyle and a convex keel on the opposite side. The cyst shape is variable in both natural samples and clonal cultures. The organic membrane underlying the calcareous covering is resistant to acetolysis, thus demonstrating the presence of sporopolleninlike material. The cyst germinated into a motile stage having the same morphological features and thecal plate pattern as Peridinium tyrrhenicum Balech. We believe the validity of the genus Pentapharsodinium Indelicato & Loeblich should be accepted. Based on the comparative examination of the species we collected and of a similar species, Pentapharsodinium trachodium Indelicato & Loeblich, we propose Pentapharsodinium tyrrhenicum as a new combination for Peridinium tyrrhenicum. The genus Pentapharsodinium also includes P. dalei Indelicato & Loeblich (= Peridinium faeroense Dale), which produces spiny, organic-walled cysts. The presence of species forming calcareous cysts and species producing noncalcareous cysts in the same genus raises questions about maintaining the family Calciodinellaceae. This family should only include calcareous cyst-forming peridinioids, in order to maintain a unified system of classification of fossil and recent dinoflagellates.     

A novel type of meso-diaminopimelic acid-based peptidoglycan and novel poly (erythritol phosphate) teichoic acids in cell walls of two coryneform isolates from the surface flora of French cooked cheeses

The primary structure of the peptidoglycan and the teichoic acids of two coryneform isolates from the surface flora of French cooked cheeses, CNRZ 925 and CNRZ 926, have been determined. In the peptidoglycan, meso-diaminopimelic acid was localized in position three of the peptide subunit. It contained an d-glutamyl-d-aspartyl interpeptide bridge, connecting meso-diaminopimelic acid and d-alanine residues of adjacent peptide subunits. The -carboxyl group of d-glutamic acid in position two of peptide subunits was substituted with glycine amide. The teichoic acid pattern and composition differed between the strains: both contained an erythritol teichoic acid and strain CNRZ 925 also contained an N-acetylglucosaminylphosphate polymer. The erythritol teichoic acids differed in terms of the quality and quantity of substituents, but they both had N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid in common.Abbreviations DNP dinitrophenyl - Ery erythritol - Gal galactose - GlcN glucosamine - GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine - GlcUANAc₂ N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid - Hex UANAc₂ N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyhexuronic - acid m-Dpm, meso-diaminopimelic acid - Mur muramic acid - MurNAc N-acetylmuramic acid     

Normania,an endemic Macaronesian genus distinct fromSolanum (Solanaceae)

Morphological data and results from scanning electron microscopy of seeds and pollen show thatNormania Lowe [syn.Solanum L. subg.Potatoe (G. Don)D'Arcy sect.Normania (Lowe)Bitter] (Solanaceae: Solaneae) should be considered as a distinct genus fromSolanum L. It has two species, one restricted to the island of Madeira [Normania triphylla (Lowe)Lowe] and the other to Tenerife and Gran Canaria [Normania nava (Webb & Berthel.)Franc.-Ort. & R. N. Lester]. These species are extremely rare and had not been found for about 100 years, untilN. nava was rediscovered in two different localities in Tenerife in 1973 and 1982.Normania triphylla was reported in two different places from northern Madeira in 1991. Both species have the highest conservation priority in the Macaronesian region.     

Le Jas d’en Biel 2, nouveau site gravettien du piémont est-méditerranéen des Pyrénées

The Corbières massif forms the lowest part of the Eastern Pyrenees, and as such is the easiest natural passage to connect the coastal plains of Languedoc and Roussillon in Southern France with those of Gironès and Barcelona in Northern Spanish Catalonia. This geographical situation confers on each of the sites discovered in this passage a role of milestone that can allow us to apprehend the dynamics of anthropic movements and relationships across these spaces. In 2007, the presence of a first Gravettian site in this Northern Pyrenean foothill was published: Jas d’en Biel 1. This discovery filled an “archaeological void” between the Gravettian sites of Languedoc and those of Spanish Catalonia. The discovery of a new site: Jas d’en Biel 2, 300 m from the first, reinforces the Gravettian presence in this region. The fact that the two sites present similar characteristics in terms of anthropic choices (solar orientation, proximity to a watercourse, lightness of the soil, protection from the wind, etc.) are all parameters that demonstrate the choices made by Gravettian men. The respective compositions of the lithic industries of the series do not show significant differences, allowing us to imagine a certain synchronism between the two sites. Burins are the most numerous tools, but at Jas d’en Biel 2 we find specimens close to the Raysse type that were absent from Jas d’en Biel 1. Jas d’en Biel 2, as well as its neighbor Jas d’en Biel 1, shows similarities with certain sites in Languedoc, such as Bois-des-Brousses, La Treille, La Verrière, the caves of Bize or La Crouzade. These are usually small deposits that belong to terminal moments of the Gravettian period. All these parameters point to similarities between the Languedoc sites and Jas d’en Biel 1 and 2. The geographical position of the Corbières massif allows us to consider the Jas d’en Biel sites as the last milestones of the Gravettian period upstream from the crossing of the Pyrenean passes, before the sites of the Serinyà region, such as l’Arbreda. Recent surveys carried out in the same valley of the Ravin d’en Saman have made it possible to locate and identify several other open-air settlements related to the Gravettian lato sensu. An analysis of intra- and extra-site characteristics will aim to understand the parameters that led men to settle in this micro-zone, as well as the reasons for this “concentration”.