镁离子联合金雀异黄素对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:探讨镁离子联合金雀异黄素对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响。方法:选用雌性6周自发性高血压大鼠28只,饲养7d后测量大鼠初始收缩压(SBP)及心率(HR),应用双盲分组原则,将大鼠分成对照组、镁离子组、金雀异黄素组、及联合组,每组各7只。饲养7d后,取一次性注射器,消毒抽取药物,暴露尾部及血管,进行注射。每7d注射一次,连续注射4周。比较各组大鼠SBP、HR、hs-CRP、MCP-1、vWF、血管紧张素(AngⅡ)。结果:给药前四组大鼠SBP水平比较无差异(P0.05)。给药后对照组SBP水平高于其他三组(P0.05),镁离子组与金雀异黄素组比较无差异(P0.05),联合组大鼠在给药1周、2周、4周后SBP水平显著低于其他三组(P0.05)。给药前四组大鼠心率比较无差异(P0.05)。给药后对照组、镁离子组、金雀异黄素组与治疗前相比无差异(P0.05),联合组低于治疗前(P0.05)。给药第2、4周联合组HR水平低于其他三组(P0.05)。联合大鼠hs-CRP水平显著降低(P0.05),MCP-1、vWF水平显著升高(P0.05)。给药前各组大鼠AngⅡ水平比较无差异(P0.05),给药2周、4周联合组AngⅡ水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论:镁离子联合金雀异黄素能提高自发性高血压大鼠血管顺应性,减少炎症反应,预防动脉粥样硬化,降低血压。     

Magnesium Transport Across the Basolateral Plasma Membrane of the Fish Enterocyte

In tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) intestine, Mg²⁺ transport across the epithelium involves a transcellular, Na⁺- and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase dependent pathway. In our search for the Mg²⁺ extrusion mechanism of the basolateral compartment of the enterocyte, we could exclude Na⁺/Mg²⁺ antiport or ATP-driven transport. Evidence is provided, however, that Mg²⁺ movement across the membrane is coupled to anion transport. In basolateral plasma membrane vesicles, an inwardly directed Cl⁻ gradient stimulated Mg²⁺ uptake (as followed with the radionuclide ²⁷Mg) twofold. As Cl⁻-stimulated uptake was inhibited by the detergent saponin and by the ionophore A23187, Mg²⁺ may be accumulated intravesicularly above chemical equilibrium. Valinomycin did not affect uptake, suggesting that electroneutral symport activity occurred. The involvement of anion coupled transport was further indicated by the inhibition of Mg²⁺ uptake by the stilbene derivative, 4,4′-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid. Kinetic analyses of the Cl⁻-stimulated Mg²⁺ uptake yielded a K _m (Mg²⁺) of 6.08 ± 1.29 mmol · l⁻¹ and a K _m (Cl⁻) of 26.5 ± 6.5 mmol · l⁻¹, compatible with transport activity at intracellular Mg²⁺- and Cl⁻-levels. We propose that Mg²⁺ absorption in the tilapia intestine involves an electrically neutral anion symport mechanism. Received: 19 January 1996/Revised: 1 August 1996     

染色质在非洲爪蟾卵的无细胞系统中形成组装核的研究

从大鼠肝、鸡肝提取了染色质并从受精未孵育鸡蛋胚下表层卵黄颗粒提取了染色质,在荧光显微镜和电子显微镜下观察了这些染色质在无细胞系统中形成的组装核;研究二阶钙镁离子对形成组装核的影响。在有ＡＴＰ再生系统存在的无细胞系统中,围绕染色质能形成与间期细胞核相似的组装核;二价钙离子不利于形成组装核,而二价镁离子是形成组装核所必须的,但过高浓度的镁离子对形成组装核有抑制作用。     

Anticonvulsant effects of magnesium sulfate in hippocampal-kindled rats

The objective of the present study was to determine whether magnesium sulfate has anticonvulsant actions in the hippocampal-kindled rat model of epilepsy. Fully kindled rats received acute intraperitoneal injections of magnesium sulfate (270 mg/kg), phenytoin (20 mg/kg) or saline in random order. Electrical seizure duration, behavioral seizure stage and duration of postictal EEG depression were examined 15, 30 and 60 min after injection. In an additional group of rats, kindled seizures were measured before and after chronic (2 h) intraperitoneal injections of magnesium sulfate versus saline. There was a significant decrease in electrical seizure duration (p<0.01) and behavioral seizure stage (p<0.01) with acute magnesium sulfate injections compared to saline injections. Phenytoin had no statistically significant effects on hippocampal-kindled seizures. Chronic magnesium sulfate treatment significantly reduced behavioral seizure stage at 2, 24, and 48 h postinjection (p<0.05), but did not affect seizure duration. There was a significant time by treatment effect for magnesium sulfate on postictal EEG depression (p<0.01). We conclude that in this model of hippocampal epilepsy-induced (kindled) rats, magnesium sulfate has significant anticonvulsant effects.     

An approach to the evaluation of RNA solution structure and metal coordination chemistry by titration calorimetry

 Binding of divalent magnesium to RNA homopolymers was evaluated by titration calorimetry and analyzed in terms of the McGhee and von Hippel model of a one-dimensional infinite lattice. Examination of Mg²⁺ binding data for ds poly(A)×poly(U), ss poly(A), and ss poly(U) revealed that the sign of the enthalpy term relates to the mode of metal binding (inner or outer sphere), which in turn is directly related to the structural ordering of the polynucleotide in solution. This approach provides details of the thermodynamics of metal binding, stoichiometry, and coordination chemistry that underlie the structural and catalytic chemistry of RNA and offers a potential new probe of the solution structure of nucleic acids.     

Glycine Potentiates the Stimulation of Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis by Excitatory Amino Acids in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Neurons

Glycine potentiates stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate, but not by quisqualate or carbamylcholine, in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. This potentiation occurs in the absence of extracellular Mg2+, but is more evident when stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by N-methyl-D-aspartate is measured in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+. The action of glycine is not antagonized by strychnine. These results suggest that glycine acts as a positive modulator of signal transduction at a specific class of N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive glutamate receptors coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in cerebellar granule cells.     

The role of magnesium and calcium ions in the glucose dehydrogenase activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 418

Magnesium-limited chemostat cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 418 with 20 M CaCl₂ in the medium showed a low rate of gluconate plus 2-ketogluconate production relative to potassium- or phosphate-limited cultures. However, when the medium concentration of CaCl₂ was increased to 1 mM, the glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) activities also increased and became similar to those observed in potassium- or phosphate limited cultures. It is concluded that this is due to Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions being involved in the binding of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to the GDH apoenzyme. There seems to be an absolute requirement of divalent cations for proper enzyme functioning and in this respect Ca²⁺ ions could replace Mg²⁺ ions. The high GDH activity which has been found in cells grown under Mg^2–-limited conditions in the presence of higher concentrations of Ca²⁺ ions, is compatible with the earlier proposal that GDH functions as an auxiliary energy generating system involved in the maintenance of high transmembrane ion gradients.Abbreviations PQQ pyrroloquinoline quinone - GDH glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.17) - GaDH gluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.3) - CAP chloramphenicol - WB Wurster's Blue [1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-benzene perchlorate]     

Responses of Al-tolerant Dayton and Al-sensitive Kearney barley cultivars to calcium and magnesium during al stress

Summary Two barley cultivars differing in Al tolerance, Kearney (Al-sensitive) and Dayton (Al-tolerant) were exposed to Al stress with varied Ca and Mg concentrations in the nutrient solution. Increase in calcium and magnesium supply protected root meristems and root growth from Al toxicity more effectively in the Al-tolerant cultivar than in the Al-sensitive one. Lateral roots were much more sensitive to Al than adventitious roots. Exposure to 0.33 mM Al with low concentrations of Ca (1.3 mM) and Mg (0.3 mM) caused damage to root tips in both cultivars. Increasing the Ca concentration to 4.3 and 6.3 mM prevented root tip damage in Dayton but not in Kearney. In the Al-tolerant cultivar Dayton, however, the root tips regenerated even at the low Ca concentration of 1.3 mM, whereas 6.3 mM Ca was necessary for this to occur in Kearney. This difference was due to the fact that Dayton's root meristem cells were more resistant to damage. Magnesium responses also varied between the two cultivars. At the lowest Ca concentration an increase in Mg to 6.3 mM permitted regeneration of damaged Kearney root tips and completely prevented any damage in Dayton. It is to be assumed that the different responses of the two cultivars are due to differences in plasma membrane properties.     

Reduction of Brain Calcium After Consumption of Diets Deficient in Calcium or Vitamin D

Abstract: Rats fed diets deficient in calcium or vitamin D for 4 weeks displayed hypocalcemia, as indicated by a 50% reduction in serum calcium and a sevenfold elevation of serum parathyroid hormone. These treatments also decreased the calcium content of brain tissue. On a regional basis. this effect was greatest in the brain stem (24% decrease) and least in striatum (10% decrease). Subcellular analysis indicated that the depletion of brain calcium was greatest in the soluble and the microsomal fractions. Infusion of calcium solutions reversed the depletion of brain calcium produced by dietary deficiencies. In control rats. parathyroidectomy or infusion of parathyroid hormone did not alter the calcium content of brain tissue, although these treatments affected the levels of calcium in the serum. In general, these treatments had no effect on the magnesium content of serum or brain tissue. However, vitamin D deficiency did increase the magnesium content of the myelin and synaptosomal fractions. This increase was reversed by parathyroidectomy. These observations demonstrate that long-term hypocalcemia produces distinct changes in the localization of calcium and magnesium in brain tissue. Furthermore. these studies suggest that though brain calcium levels are influenced by serum concentrations, serum changes must be of large magnitude and long duration for brain calcium levels to be affected.