排序方式: 共有30条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Andr Kleinridders Dominik Schenten A. Christine Knner Bengt F. Belgardt Jan Mauer Tomoo Okamura F. Thomas Wunderlich Ruslan Medzhitov Jens C. Brüning 《Cell metabolism》2009,10(4):2468-259
Obesity-associated activation of inflammatory pathways represents a key step in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral organs, partially via activation of TLR4 signaling by fatty acids. Here, we demonstrate that palmitate acting in the central nervous system (CNS) inhibits leptin-induced anorexia and Stat3 activation. To determine the functional significance of TLR signaling in the CNS in the development of leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity in vivo, we have characterized mice deficient for the TLR adaptor molecule MyD88 in the CNS (MyD88ΔCNS). Compared to control mice, MyD88ΔCNS mice are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, from the development of HFD-induced leptin resistance, and from the induction of leptin resistance by acute central application of palmitate. Moreover, CNS-restricted MyD88 deletion protects from HFD- and icv palmitate-induced impairment of peripheral glucose metabolism. Thus, we define neuronal MyD88-dependent signaling as a key regulator of diet-induced leptin and insulin resistance in vivo. 相似文献
12.
López M Lage R Saha AK Pérez-Tilve D Vázquez MJ Varela L Sangiao-Alvarellos S Tovar S Raghay K Rodríguez-Cuenca S Deoliveira RM Castañeda T Datta R Dong JZ Culler M Sleeman MW Alvarez CV Gallego R Lelliott CJ Carling D Tschöp MH Diéguez C Vidal-Puig A 《Cell metabolism》2008,7(5):389-399
Current evidence suggests that hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism may play a role in regulating food intake; however, confirmation that it is a physiologically relevant regulatory system of feeding is still incomplete. Here, we use pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate that the physiological orexigenic response to ghrelin involves specific inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) resulting in decreased hypothalamic levels of malonyl-CoA and increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity. In addition, we also demonstrate that fasting downregulates fatty acid synthase (FAS) in a region-specific manner and that this effect is mediated by an AMPK and ghrelin-dependent mechanisms. Thus, decreasing AMPK activity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is sufficient to inhibit ghrelin's effects on FAS expression and feeding. Overall, our results indicate that modulation of hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism specifically in the VMH in response to ghrelin is a physiological mechanism that controls feeding. 相似文献
13.
Adiponectin stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase in the hypothalamus and increases food intake 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Kubota N Yano W Kubota T Yamauchi T Itoh S Kumagai H Kozono H Takamoto I Okamoto S Shiuchi T Suzuki R Satoh H Tsuchida A Moroi M Sugi K Noda T Ebinuma H Ueta Y Kondo T Araki E Ezaki O Nagai R Tobe K Terauchi Y Ueki K Minokoshi Y Kadowaki T 《Cell metabolism》2007,6(1):55-68
Adiponectin has been shown to stimulate fatty acid oxidation and enhance insulin sensitivity through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the peripheral tissues. The effects of adiponectin in the central nervous system, however, are still poorly understood. Here, we show that adiponectin enhances AMPK activity in the arcuate hypothalamus (ARH) via its receptor AdipoR1 to stimulate food intake; this stimulation of food intake by adiponectin was attenuated by dominant-negative AMPK expression in the ARH. Moreover, adiponectin also decreased energy expenditure. Adiponectin-deficient mice showed decreased AMPK phosphorylation in the ARH, decreased food intake, and increased energy expenditure, exhibiting resistance to high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of adiponectin and expression of AdipoR1 in the ARH were increased during fasting and decreased after refeeding. We conclude that adiponectin stimulates food intake and decreases energy expenditure during fasting through its effects in the central nervous system. 相似文献
14.
15.
Erondu N Gantz I Musser B Suryawanshi S Mallick M Addy C Cote J Bray G Fujioka K Bays H Hollander P Sanabria-Bohórquez SM Eng W Långström B Hargreaves RJ Burns HD Kanatani A Fukami T MacNeil DJ Gottesdiener KM Amatruda JM Kaufman KD Heymsfield SB 《Cell metabolism》2006,4(4):275-282
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, and antagonism of NPY Y1 and NPY Y5 receptors (NPYxR) is considered a potentially important anti-obesity drug target. We tested the hypothesis that blockade of the NPY5R will lead to weight loss in humans using MK-0557, a potent, highly selective, orally active NPY5R antagonist. The initial series of experiments reported herein, including a multiple-dose positron-emission tomography study and a 12 week proof-of concept/dose-ranging study, suggested an optimal MK-0557 dose of 1 mg/day. The hypothesis was then tested in a 52 week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1661 overweight and obese patients. Although statistically significant at 52 weeks, the magnitude of induced weight loss was not clinically meaningful. These observations provide the first clinical insight into the human NPY-energy homeostatic pathway and suggest that solely targeting the NPY5R in future drug development programs is unlikely to produce therapeutic efficacy. 相似文献
16.
A POMC variant implicates beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance
Lee YS Challis BG Thompson DA Yeo GS Keogh JM Madonna ME Wraight V Sims M Vatin V Meyre D Shield J Burren C Ibrahim Z Cheetham T Swift P Blackwood A Hung CC Wareham NJ Froguel P Millhauser GL O'Rahilly S Farooqi IS 《Cell metabolism》2006,3(2):135-140
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) plays a critical role in the control of energy balance. Of its two pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived ligands, alpha- and beta-MSH, the majority of attention has focused on alpha-MSH, partly reflecting the absence of beta-MSH in rodents. We screened the POMC gene in 538 patients with severe, early-onset obesity and identified five unrelated probands who were heterozygous for a rare missense variant in the region encoding beta-MSH, Tyr221Cys. This frequency was significantly increased (p < 0.001) compared to the general UK Caucasian population and the variant cosegregated with obesity/overweight in affected family members. Compared to wild-type beta-MSH, the variant peptide was impaired in its ability to bind to and activate signaling from the MC4R. Obese children carrying the Tyr221Cys variant were hyperphagic and showed increased linear growth, both of which are features of MC4R deficiency. These studies support a role for beta-MSH in the control of human energy homeostasis. 相似文献
17.
Date Y Shimbara T Koda S Toshinai K Ida T Murakami N Miyazato M Kokame K Ishizuka Y Ishida Y Kageyama H Shioda S Kangawa K Nakazato M 《Cell metabolism》2006,4(4):323-331
Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal peptide, stimulates feeding when administered peripherally. Blockade of the vagal afferent pathway abolishes ghrelin-induced feeding, indicating that the vagal afferent pathway may be a route conveying orexigenic ghrelin signals to the brain. Here, we demonstrate that peripheral ghrelin signaling, which travels to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) at least in part via the vagus nerve, increases noradrenaline (NA) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, thereby stimulating feeding at least partially through alpha-1 and beta-2 noradrenergic receptors. In addition, bilateral midbrain transections rostral to the NTS, or toxin-induced loss of neurons in the hindbrain that express dopamine beta hydroxylase (an NA synthetic enzyme), abolished ghrelin-induced feeding. These findings provide new evidence that the noradrenergic system is necessary in the central control of feeding behavior by peripherally administered ghrelin. 相似文献
18.
Coppola A Liu ZW Andrews ZB Paradis E Roy MC Friedman JM Ricquier D Richard D Horvath TL Gao XB Diano S 《Cell metabolism》2007,5(1):21-33
The active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), regulates mitochondrial uncoupling protein activity and related thermogenesis in peripheral tissues. Type 2 deiodinase (DII), an enzyme that catalyzes active thyroid hormone production, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) are also present in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, where their interaction and physiological significance have not been explored. Here, we report that DII-producing glial cells are in direct apposition to neurons coexpressing neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), and UCP2. Fasting increased DII activity and local thyroid hormone production in the arcuate nucleus in parallel with increased GDP-regulated UCP2-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling. Fasting-induced T3-mediated UCP2 activation resulted in mitochondrial proliferation in NPY/AgRP neurons, an event that was critical for increased excitability of these orexigenic neurons and consequent rebound feeding following food deprivation. These results reveal a physiological role for a thyroid-hormone-regulated mitochondrial uncoupling in hypothalamic neuronal networks. 相似文献
19.
A major challenge in understanding energy balance is deciphering the neural and molecular circuits that govern behavioral, physiological, and metabolic responses of animals to fluctuating environmental conditions. The neurally expressed TGF-β ligand DAF-7 functions as a gauge of environmental conditions to modulate energy balance in C. elegans. We show that daf-7 signaling regulates fat metabolism and feeding behavior through a compact neural circuit that allows for integration of multiple inputs and the flexibility for differential regulation of outputs. In daf-7 mutants, perception of depleting food resources causes fat accumulation despite reduced feeding rate. This fat accumulation is mediated, in part, through neural metabotropic glutamate signaling and upregulation of peripheral endogenous biosynthetic pathways that direct energetic resources into fat reservoirs. Thus, neural perception of adverse environmental conditions can promote fat accumulation without a concomitant increase in feeding rate. 相似文献
20.
Hypothalamic neural projections are permanently disrupted in diet-induced obese rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) is a key component of hypothalamic pathways regulating energy balance, and leptin is required for normal development of ARH projections. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) has a polygenic mode of inheritance, and DIO individuals develop the metabolic syndrome when a moderate amount of fat is added to the diet. Here we demonstrate that rats selectively bred to develop DIO, which are known to be leptin resistant before they become obese, have defective ARH projections that persist into adulthood. Furthermore, the ability of leptin to activate intracellular signaling in ARH neurons in vivo and to promote ARH neurite outgrowth in vitro is significantly reduced in DIO neonates. Thus, animals that are genetically predisposed toward obesity display an abnormal organization of hypothalamic pathways involved in energy homeostasis that may be the result of diminished responsiveness of ARH neurons to the trophic actions of leptin during postnatal development. 相似文献