薄层色谱法鉴定天麻胶囊中的天麻素

为了建立天麻胶囊中主要有效成分天麻素的快速鉴定方法,根据天麻素的理化特性,使用乙醇和甲醇提取天麻胶囊中的天麻素,使用薄层色谱法进行鉴定,并与高效液相色谱法的分析结果进行比较。结果表明,薄层色谱法的鉴定结果与高效液相色谱法的检测结果一致,能较准确地鉴别天麻胶囊的真伪。本研究结果表明薄层色谱法能快速简便、准确灵敏地检测天麻胶囊中的有效成分,可作为法定鉴定方法的补充,对天麻胶囊实施快速初筛。     

SitA contributes to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse infection model

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen, which causes a wide range of nosocomial infections. Recently, antibiotic resistance makes K. pneumoniae infection difficult to deal with. Investigation on virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae can provide more information about pathogenesis and unveil new targets for treatment or vaccine development. In this study, SitA, a Fur-regulated divalent cation transporter, was found significantly increased when K. pneumoniae was cultured in a nutrient-limited condition. A sitA-deletion strain (ΔsitA) was created to characterize the importance of SitA in virulence. ΔsitA showed higher sensitivity toward hydroperoxide than its parental strain. In a mouse intraperitoneal infection model, the survival rate of mice infected with ΔsitA strain increased greatly when compared with that of mice infected with the parental strain, suggesting that sitA deletion attenuates the bacterial virulence in vivo. To test whether ΔsitA strain is a potential vaccine candidate, mice were immunized with inactivated bacteria and then challenged with the wild-type strain. The results showed that using ΔsitA mutant protected mice better than using the wild-type strain or the capsule-negative congenic bacteria. In summary, SitA was found being important for the growth of K. pneumoniae in vivo and deleting sitA might be a potential approach to generate vaccines against K. pneumoniae.     

Sorption of metals by extracellular polymers from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa fo. flos-aquae strain C3-40

The sorption of cadmium (II), copper (II), lead (II),manganese (II), and zinc (II) by purified capsularpolysaccharide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosafo. flos-aquae strainC3-40 was examined by four methods: equilibriumdialysis, metal removal from solution as detected byvoltammetry, metal accumulation by capsule-containingalginate beads, and calorimetry. The polysaccharide'ssaturation binding capacities for these metals rangedfrom 1.2 to 4 mmol of metal g^-1 of capsule, whichcorresponds to 1 metal equivalent per 2 to 4saccharide subunits of the polymer. Competitionbetween paired metals was tested with simultaneous andsequential additions of metal. Cadmium (II) andlead (II), as well as lead (II) and zinc (II), competedrelatively equally and reciprocally for polymerbinding sites. In contrast, manganese (II) stronglyinhibited the binding of cadmium (II) and lead (II), butitself was not substantially inhibited by either theprior or simultaneous adsorption of cadmium (II) or lead (II).The data are interpreted with respect to overlap ofbinding sites and possibilities of altered polymerconformation or solvation. Calorimetric studies oflead (II) and cadmium (II) association reactions withthe polysaccharide suggest that the enthalpies aresmall and that the reactions may be driven by entropy.     

Carbonaceous Resin Capsule for Vapor-phase Monitoring of Volatile Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil

Soil and groundwater contamination by organic substances is a major environmental and health concern, but methods of direct, in situ evaluation of quantities and forms of these contaminants are generally highly limited. The resin capsule system (RCS) has been developed for use in the laboratory or in the field for inorganic chemicals, and its application has been extended to include organic chemicals by incorporation of carbonaceous, hydrophobic adsorbers in the capsules. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of carbonaceous resin capsules for detecting benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) vapors diffusing through a soil column, and to investigate sensitivity to environmental factors that influence vapor phase diffusion. Results show that the RCS can serve as a trap for organic vapors, and that quantities of BTEX accumulated are influenced by soil texture and water content during extended adsorption times. The nature of these effects, as measured by the RCS, was similar to expectations, based on previously reported results from studies involving direct measurements. These results provide evidence that the RCS could be developed to serve as a simple, inexpensive, direct, in situ methodology for monitoring volatile organic chemicals in soils.     

Changes to the mechanical properties of the glenohumeral capsule during anterior dislocation

The glenohumeral joint is the most frequently dislocated major joint in the body, and instability due to permanent deformation of the glenohumeral capsule is a common pathology. The corresponding change in mechanical properties may have implications for the ideal location and extent of plication, which is a common clinical procedure used to repair the capsule. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the mechanical properties of four regions of the glenohumeral capsule after anterior dislocation and compare the properties to the normal glenohumeral capsule. Six fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were dislocated in the anterior direction with the joint in the apprehension position using a robotic testing system. After dislocation, mechanical testing was performed on the injured glenohumeral capsule by loading the tissue samples in tension and shear. An inverse finite element optimization routine was used to simulate the experiments and obtain material coefficients for each tissue sample. Cauchy stress–stretch curves were then generated to represent the mechanical response of each tissue sample to theoretical loading conditions. Based on several comparisons (average of the material coefficients, average stress–stretch curve for each region, and coefficients representing the average curves) between the normal and injured tissue samples, the mechanical properties of the injured tissue samples from multiple regions were found to be lower than those of the normal tissue in tension but not in shear. This finding indicates that anterior dislocation primarily affects the tensile behavior of the glenohumeral capsule rather than the shear behavior, and this phenomenon could be caused by plastic deformation of the matrix, permanent collagen fiber rotation, and/or collagen fiber failure. These results suggest that plication and suturing may not be sufficient to return stability to the shoulder after dislocation in all individuals. Thus, surgeons may need to perform a procedure that reinforces or stiffens the tissue itself, such as reconstruction or augmentation, to improve repair procedures.     

通痹胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效及对微循环和血清MMP-1、MMP-3的影响

目的:探讨通痹胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)的疗效及对微循环指标和基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、血清基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年9月期间我院收治的90例RA患者,按照随机数字表法分为研究组(n=45)、对照组(n=45)。对照组患者给予来氟米特、甲氨蝶呤常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合通痹胶囊治疗,比较两组患者疗效、治疗前后的微循环指标[血管阻力指数(RI)、舒张期峰值速度(EDV)以及收缩期峰值速度(PSV)]、MMP-1、MMP-3、类风湿因子滴度(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、抗链球菌溶血素"O"(ASO),记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组治疗4个月后的临床总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后RI、MMP-1、MMP-3、CRP、RF、ESR、ASO下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);EDV、PSV升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上联合通痹胶囊可有效缓解RA病情,改善机体微循环,降低血清MMP-3、MMP-1水平,且用药安全性较好。     

PROPERTIES OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA AND M. FLOS-AQUAE (CYANOPHYTA) IN CULTURE: TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS1

Cultures were cloned from a sample containing Microcystis aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae and a few morphological intermediates. The M. aeruginosa cultures remained distinct from the M. flos-aquae cultures in (a) cell size, (b) cell aggregation pattern, (c) width of the mucilage surrounding the multicellular colonies, (d) sharpness of the mucilage boundary, (e) efect of 0.1–1.0 μM calcium chloride on the disaggregation of multicellular colonies, (f) frequency of mucilage mutants and (g) colony morphology on agar media. No M. flos-aquae culture produced morphs resembling M. aeruginosa, inconsistent with proposals that M. flos-aquae is a developmental stage or environmentally-induced variant of M. aeruginosa. After longterm cultivation, but not soon after origanal isolation, several M. aeruginosa cultures contained mutants with diminished mucilage production and an altered colony shape.     

Ultrastructure of the Feeding Apparatus of Rhabdodemania minima Chitwood, 1936 (Enoplida: Rhabdodemaniidae)

The feeding apparatus of the marine nematode Rhabdodemania minima Chitwood, 1936 has been examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. The buccal capsule consists of a posterior region with smooth walls bearing three sets of three minute denticles at its posterior end and three large onchia in its mid region; a middle region with grooved walls; and an anterior region with costae and six odontia. The anterior and middle portions of the buccal capsule are enveloped by the cephalic cuticle, whereas the posterior region, which is set off from the middle region by a buccal seam, is partially enveloped by the anterior end of the esophagus. Two subventral esophageal glands open into the lumen of the esophagus. Secretions of each of three paraesophageal glands are conveyed through a duct in each of the three corresponding corners of the buccal wall to an opening between labia. A pair of wing-like thickenings, termed pterons, embraces the duct of each paraesophageal gland in the posterior and middle regions of the buccal capsule. A model of how the buccal capsule operates is proposed and tested. Morphological and functional aspects of the buccal apparatus and cephalic cuticle are compared with those of other taxa of the Enoplida, and their phylogenetic implications are discussed.     

仙灵骨葆胶囊联合透明质酸钠对膝骨关节炎患者关节功能、炎症因子及生活质量的影响

目的:观察仙灵骨葆胶囊联合透明质酸钠对膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者关节功能、炎症因子及生活质量的影响,为临床用药提供依据。方法:选取我院骨科于2014年12月-2016年12月间收治的72例KOA患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为透明质酸钠组(采用透明质酸钠治疗,n=36)和联合组(采用仙灵骨葆胶囊与透明质酸钠联合治疗,n=36)。检测并比较两组患者治疗前及治疗1个月后的超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。分别于治疗前、治疗1个月后以及治疗6个月后采用生活质量调查表(SF-36)中文版评价患者生活质量,同时采用视觉模拟评估法(VAS)以及膝关节功能评定量表(Lysholm)对膝关节功能进行综合评定。治疗结束后随访半年,观察患者不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗1个月后,两组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均明显下降,且联合组患者hs-CRP、TNF-α水平明显低于透明质酸钠组患者(P0.05)。两组治疗6个月后的VAS评分明显低于治疗1个月后的VAS评分,Lysholm评分均明显高于治疗1个月后的Lysholm评分(P0.05)。治疗1个月后和治疗6个月后,联合组患者VAS评分均明显低于透明质酸钠组患者同期VAS评分,而Lysholm评分均明显高于透明质酸钠组患者同期Lysholm评分(P0.05)。两组治疗6个月后SF-36量表各维度评分均高于治疗1个月后的评分(P0.05)。联合组患者治疗1个月后及治疗6个月后的躯体功能、躯体角色功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、社会功能和心理健康评分均明显高于透明质酸钠组(均P0.05)。两组均无严重不良反应发生,且不良反应发生情况无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:仙灵骨葆胶囊联合透明质酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎对患者炎症反应、关节功能及生活质量有持续的改善作用,同时安全可靠,值得推广应用。     

银杏达莫联合通痹胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效及对血清IL-1β、TNF-α、ET-1、MMP-9水平的影响

目的:研究银杏达莫联合通痹胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效及对血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年7月我院收治的84例冠心病心绞痛患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,42例每组。对照组使用通痹胶囊完成治疗,观察组在此基础上联合银杏达莫完成治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、ST段下移程度、血清IL-1β、TNF-α、ET-1、MMP-9水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组[92.86%(39/42)比66.67%(28/42)](P0.05);两组患者心绞痛发作次数、持续时间、ST段下移程度、血清IL-1β、TNF-α、ET-1、MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:银杏达莫联合通痹胶囊治疗冠心病心绞痛能有效改善患者临床症状并提高临床疗效,可能与其显著降低患者血清IL-1β、TNF-α、ET-1、MMP-9水平有关。