Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of Japanese Lilium species

 The DNA from 16 Lilium species and one variety endemic to or naturalized in Japan were obtained and their internal transcribed spacer regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) were amplified by PCR and sequenced by cycle sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences supported the validity of Comber’s classification system. It has also provided molecular evidence for the transfer of Lilium dauricum to sect. Sinomartagon. The phylogenetic relationships revealed by ITS DNA analysis were supported by previously published crossability data. The molecular phylogeny of Japanese Lilium species was discussed with reference to the putative migration routes of these species. Received: 30 June 1998 / Accepted: 19 October 1998     

Immunoaffinity Chromatographic and ELISA determination of Cytokinins in Germinating Pollens in Lilium davidii Dach.

Liliurn davidii Duch. pollen was germinated in PEG-400. A rapid immunoaffinity chromatograpy system with high efficiency and specificity was adopted to isolate and purify trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR) and isopentenyladenosine (ipA). Cytokinin determination was carried out by a highly sensitive enzyme linked immunosolvent assay (ELISA) for t-ZR and iPA respectively, t-ZR and iPA were present at the level of 10-8 g/g fr. wt in Lilium davidii pollen. After hydration, t-ZR content of pollen decreased slightly, while iPA increased remarkably, and the total amount of t-ZR and iPA underwent almost no change. Pollen tubes grew fast in the first 3 h after germination, and the amount of t-ZR and iPA also increased greatly both in pollen tubes and in germination medium. The increasing trend of t-ZR and iPA and growth rate of pollen tubes was basically synchronous.     

Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Plasmodesmatal Channels Between the Pollen Mother Cells of Lily

The regularity of the presence of plasmodesmata channels in the pollen mother cells of lily was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A few plasmodesmata channels can be recognized between the pollen mother cells at leptotene stage, which increase in number at zygotene and expand in width at synizesis and they lie in the range 0.5—1 μm. Massive chromatin substance are transferred from one pollen mother cell to another during synizesis. The pre-existing plasmodesmate channels close again at late pachytene. There are no channels from metaphase Ⅰ to tetrad stage. Finally, the relation between the presence of plasmodesmata channels, synizesis and cytomixis were discussed.     

A Preliminary Observation on B-Chromosomes of Regal lily

The authors have observed t he karyotypes of the Regal Lily with B-chromosome and without B-chromosomes as well as their Giemsa C-bands. The results show that the karyotypes with B-chromosomes are not obviously different from those without B- chromosomes. B-chromosome is additional and all of them are heterochromatization. But segregation of B-chromosome at anaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ in meiosis is irregular, and about half of the pollen grains contain B-chromosomes. In the progenies by open pollination the segre, gation of 0B and lB appear in the ratio near 1:1 and the offsprings with 2B-chromosomes only average 2.6 percent.     

Cytochemical Localization of Adenosine Triphosphataes Activity During Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of David Lily and Its Relation to the Intercellular Migrating Chromatin Substance

Standard lead precipitation procedures have been used to examine the localization of ATPase activity during cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Lilium davidii var. willmottiae (Wilson) Roffill. Before cytomixis, cells at this stage of development show ATPase activity on plasma membrane, in the endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, plastids, plasmodesmata, and in part of the groundplasm; however, there is no ATPase activity on the chromatin and nucleolus. During cytomixis, the chromatin substance begin to transfer from one cell to an adjacent cell, reaction product indicating ATPase activity is observed associated with the chromatin and nucleolus. ATPase activity is also found with the cistenae of both endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes, and some plastids. There is no deposition of ATPase reaction product associated with the plasm membrane and intercellular spaces. After cytomixis, the chromatin is little or no deposition of enzyme reaction product. ATPase activity, however, is consistenlly found within the intercellular space and on the plasm membrane, and also occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosome and plastid. The presence or absence of ATPase activity in the cell structure of pollen mother cells before, during or after eytomixis is discussed in relation to the active uptake or export of water for short-distance transport. It is also suggested that the intensive ATPase activity in the nucleus during cytomixis of pollen mother cells is evidence for a transport system involved in the active movement of the intercellular migrating ebromatin substance.     

Polyacrylamide Gel Electro rhoresis Analysis of Actin in Pollen Mother Cells of Higher Plants

The existence and change of actin in the pollen mother cells of Secale cereale L., Vicia faba L., and Lilium davidii var willmottiae were identified by the application of the polyacrylamide gel electronphoresis. It was proved that the pollen mother cells of the three plants contained certain amount of actin at cytomixis stage and that this protein began to appear at early zygotene stage and to disappear after tetrad stage. Finally, the relation between the actin and cytomixis was discussed.     

Temperature effects on self incompatibility in Lilium longiflorum

Summary Detached pistils of the clonal variety, Lilium longiflorum Aral No. 5, were submerged before pollination in 50°C water for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 min and then immediately compatibly and incompatibly pollinated. Incompatibility, as indicated by pollen tube length after 48 h at 23.5°C, was eliminated by a 1–2 min submersion while compatibility was removed by a 4–5 min one. The window of incubation temperatures at which incompatible and compatible pollen tubes are clearly differentiated occurred between 15 and 30°C.     

Sucrose‐cleaving enzymes and carbohydrate pools in Lilium longiflorum floral organs

The activities of soluble invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), cell wall invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) were determined in Easter lily ( Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nellie White) floral organs during flower development. These enzyme activities were correlated with dry weight gains and carbohydrate pools to investigate the importance of their expression in maintaining sink strength of floral organs. In the early stages of flower bud development, anthers exhibited the highest rates of dry weight gain and activity of sucrolytic enzymes. Once anther growth was completed, the dry weight gain of tepal, filament, stigma and style increased with a concomitant increase in hexose concentrations and invertase activity. Although all three enzymes capable of catalyzing sucrose cleavage were present in every flower organ of L. longiflorum , soluble invertase was the predominant enzyme in all flower organs except stigma where cell wall invertase dominated. Soluble invertase activity was highly correlated with dry weight gain in most of the flower organs.