基于杂交链式(HCR)反应的甲型流感病毒检测技术研究

甲型流感病毒的现场快速检测对于流感的及时有效防控具有重要意义．本研究基于杂交链式(HCR)反应,利用GO对荧光基团的猝灭作用及共同实现了对甲型流感病毒的快速检测．当目标序列存在时,可引发HCR反应,使短链DNA形成长链,保护FAM荧光基团不被猝灭,从而实现目标物的检测．实验结果表明,该方法在10～40 nmol/L范围内荧光强度与目标检测物浓度表现出了良好的线性关系,检测范围为5～100 nmol/L．这种HCR等温扩增检测技术具有较好的样本检测能力,具有等温、无酶、反应体系简单、操作步骤简便等优点,表现出良好的现场检测应用前景．     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2生物学活性测定新方法的建立

目的:采用小鼠异位成骨技术及甲基麝香草酚蓝比色法检测重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)的生物学活性。方法:将rhBMP-2埋入小鼠肌间隙内,14d后取出新生组织,采用血清钙试剂盒检测其钙含量。结果:随着给药组剂量递增,相应地钙含量也增加,二者具有较强的量效关系。结论:此方法为本实验室独创,较传统的血清碱性磷酸酶方法更为方便、快捷,是一种能够定量检测rhBMP-2活性的新方法。     

Patterns of peroxidative ethane emission from submerged rice seedlings indicate that damage from reactive oxygen species takes place during submergence and is not necessarily a post-anoxic phenomenon

Using ethane as a marker for peroxidative damage to membranes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) we examined the injury of rice seedlings during submergence in the dark. It is often expressed that membrane injury from ROS is a post-submergence phenomenon occurring when oxygen is re-introduced after submergence-induced anoxia. We found that ethane production, from rice seedlings submerged for 24–72 h, was stimulated to 4–37 nl gFW⁻¹, indicating underwater membrane peroxidation. When examined a week later the seedlings were damaged or had died. On de-submergence in air, ethane production rates rose sharply, but fell back to less than 0.1 nl gFW⁻¹ h⁻¹ after 2 h. We compared submergence-susceptible and submergence-tolerant cultivars, submergence starting in the morning (more damage) and in the afternoon (less damage) and investigated different submergence durations. The seedlings showed extensive fatality whenever total ethane emission exceeded about 15 nl gFW⁻¹. Smaller amounts of ethane emission were linked to less extensive injury to leaves. Partial oxygen shortage (O₂ levels <1%) imposed for 2 h in gas phase mixtures also stimulated ethane production. In contrast, seedlings under anaerobic gas phase conditions produced no ethane until re-aerated: then a small peak was observed followed by a low, steady ethane production. We conclude that damage during submergence is not associated with extensive anoxia. Instead, injury is linked to membrane peroxidation in seedlings that are partially oxygen deficient while submerged. On return to air, further peroxidation is suppressed within about 2 h indicating effective control of ROS production not evident during submergence itself.     

Diversity of an ectomycorrhizal fungal community studied by a root tip and total soil DNA approach

Molecular methods based on soil DNA extracts are increasingly being used to study the fungal diversity of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities in soil. Contrary to EM root tip identification, the use of molecular methods enables identification of extramatrical mycelia in soil. To compare fungal diversity as determined by root tip identification and mycelial identification, six soil samples were analysed. Root tips were extracted from the six samples and after amplification, the basidiomycete diversity on the root tips was analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The soil from the six samples was sieved, total soil DNA was extracted and after amplification, the basidiomycete diversity in the soil fractions was analysed by DGGE. Fourteen different bands were excised from the DGGE gel and sequenced; fungal taxon names could be assigned to eight bands. Out of a total of 14 fungal taxa detected in soil, 11 fungal taxa were found on root tips, of which seven were EM fungal taxa. To examine whether the sieving treatment would affect EM species diversity, two different sieve mesh sizes were used and in addition, the organic soil fraction was analysed separately. DGGE analysis showed no differences in banding pattern for the different soil fractions. The organic fraction gave the highest DGGE band intensities. This work demonstrates that there is a high correspondence between basidiomycete diversity detected by molecular analysis of root tips and soil samples, irrespective of the soil fraction being analysed.     

Fast HPLC Estimation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Microdialysis Perfusates: Effect of Nipecotic and 3-Mercaptopropionic Acids

A method for rapid, automated (less than 5 min), and sensitive (detection limit 50 fmol/10 microliter) determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is described. The method is based on precolumn derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde/t-butylthiol reagent and separation by reverse-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection under isocratic conditions. A 100 X 4 mm Nucleosil 3 C18 column was used; the mobile phase consisted of 0.15 M sodium acetate, 1 mM EDTA (pH 5.4), and 50% acetonitrile; the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min. The potential of the glassy carbon working electrode was +0.75 V. The method allows for the monitoring of GABA levels in the extracellular fluid sampled by microdialysis as documented in the present study when 0.5 mM nipecotic acid is infused via the probe, or 3-mercaptopropionic acid is injected at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. There was a 15-fold increase of extracellular GABA after nipecotic acid, whereas in the second case the inhibition of GABA synthesis was followed by a 74% decrease of GABA as compared to basal levels.     

不同狂犬病毒株抗原反应性的比较研究

应用ELISA法对285份免疫前及健康人血清和742份以不同毒株制备的狂犬病疫苗(aG株、CaG株、CTN株,PM株)全程免疫后人群的血清标本进行抗狂犬病毒抗体的检测。结果显示CTN株病毒抗原对不同毒株狂犬病疫苗免疫后血清的抗体阳性检出率均能达到90％以上,且与SNT效价的相关性较好;而aG株抗原对除aG株以外其它毒株狂犬病疫苗免疫后血清的阳性检出率仅为50％左右。因此不同毒株狂犬病毒抗原的反应性存在明显差异,选用纯度高、活性好的CTN株病毒或两株病毒以不同比例混合作为ELISA检测用抗原,测定疫苗免疫后人群的抗体水平,可获得满意的结果。     

Determination of lactate dehydrogenase in human erythrocytes by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed to analyze lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in human erythrocytes using an amperometric detector with a carbon fiber micro-disk bundle electrode. LDH activity was measured by determining the amount of NADH generated by LDH through a enzyme-catalyzed reaction between NAD(+) and lithium lactate. The factors influencing the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, separation and detection were examined and optimized. The following conditions were suitable for the determination of LDH: running buffer, 5.0 x 10(-2)mol/l Tris-HCl (pH 7.5); separation voltage, 20.0 kV; detection potential, 1.00 V (versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE)). The conditions of enzyme-catalyzed reaction were: reaction buffer, 5.0 x 10(-2)mol/l Tris-HCl (pH 9.3); substrates, 5.0 x 10(-2)mol/l lithium lactate and 5.0 x 10(-3)mol/l NAD(+); reaction time, 10 min. The concentration limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.017 U/ml at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3, which corresponded to 1.10 x 10(-10)mol/l, and the mass LOD was 2 x 10(-20)mol. The linear dynamic range was 0.039-4.65 U/ml for the injection voltage of 5.0 kV and injection time of 10s. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 0.85% for the migration time and 1.8% for the electrophoretic peak area. The method was applied to determine LDH in human erythrocytes. The recovery of the method was between 98 and 101%.     

聚乙二醇沉淀剂有效分离尿外泌体

尿外泌体是病毒大小的胞外囊泡,是非侵入性获得肾及泌尿生殖道细胞生理病理信息的重要靶标。聚乙二醇沉淀 剂可经济高效地分离富集血清等外泌体,但未见用于尿外泌体富集的详细报道。本研究采用聚乙二醇沉淀剂分离鉴定尿外泌体,并对其RNA组分进行检测,以期建立一个经济、高效、简便的尿外泌体分离富集方法。采集10例健康志愿者晨尿20 mL,聚乙二醇沉淀剂分离尿外泌体。透射电镜观察到直径30～100 nm双层膜包绕的囊性小泡,中央有直径5～15 nm高电子密度区。Western印迹检测到外泌体标记蛋白CD63、CD9、TSG101、ADAM10和内标蛋白β-肌动蛋白的表达。纳米粒径仪测定粒子直径介于30～130 nm,并可见25.37 nm和95.07 nm二个粒子峰。qRT-PCR扩增得到β-肌动蛋白和RNU6 RNA产物带。上述结果表明,聚乙二醇沉淀剂可分离富集尿外泌体,该法简单、高效,不需要超速离心机等昂贵设备,且采用该法富集到的外泌体可用于后续蛋白质与核酸分析。该方法可望加速液体活检应用,尤其是肾及泌尿生殖道病变的无创检测。     

半抗原特异性抗体的筛选及亲和力成熟

噬菌体抗体库技术的出现开创了一条便捷的基因工程抗体生产路线,为小分子半抗原抗体的制备提供了一条新途径,具有极大的应用潜力,但得到的抗体片段的亲和力普遍较全分子差,需要优化筛选策略及抗体的体外亲和力成熟来解决这一问题。