灭蚊真菌－贵阳腐霉对植物的安全性试验

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Pythium guiyangense, a mosquito-killing fungus isolated in Guiyang, Guizhou Province of China in 1994, is pathogenic to plants. Six common crops, Cucumis sativa, Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annuum, Nicotiana tabacum, Brassica campestris and Oryza sativa were used as subjects for test. Zoospores of the fungus were used to infect the plants with soil inoculation method, caudex injection method and foliage spray method. Both positive control (using P. aphanidermatum) and negative control (using sterile water) were set up in all the experiments. The results showed that no infection was found on the tested plants in soil inoculation experiments. In caudex injection test, callus grew around the wounded tissue in most of the plants. Brownish rottenness could be found only in the injected wounds in a few plants, probably caused by saprophytic bacteria or other fungi, and the germ-carrying plants grew normally. No abnormal appearance was found on the six crops in foliage spray test. It was demonstrated that P. guiyangense could hardly infect plants in nature, and was a safe and promising agent for mosquito biological control.     

喷雾干燥--一步制粒联合流化制粒技术在脑康颗粒制备工艺中的应用研究

为了建立脑康颗粒的制粒方法,以葛根素含量和制粒情况作为评价指标,采用喷雾干燥——一步制粒联合流化制粒技术对制粒条件进行优化。将经提取、浓缩所得浸膏的2／3进行喷雾干燥,得干燥粉末,并以之为一步制粒的母核,余下1／3量的浸膏作为粘合剂进行一步制粒。结果表明,所得产品质量可控性强,同时该法具有速度快,生产工序简单等优点,可用于进行脑康颗粒的制备。     

矫正型大动脉转位合并心内畸形的外科治疗

目的：为探讨矫正型大动脉转位的病理解剖特点及手术技术。方法：本组6例均为SLL型,手术包括：室间隔缺损修补4例、肺动脉瓣切开1例、静脉室肺动脉外通道1例、房室瓣替换1例。结果：全组手术死亡1例。主要手术并发症为低心排4例、完全性房室传导阻滞1例及残余左房室瓣关闭不全1例。结论：矫正型大动脉转位的病理解剖有一定的特殊性,应按不同的合并畸型选择不同术式,正确处理室间隔缺损、肺动脉流出道狭窄及左房室瓣关闭不全是外科手术的关键。     

长时间左心辅助循环成功经验探讨

目的：对长时间左心辅助循环成功经验进行探讨。方法：于2002年7月9日对一例冠状动脉搭桥术加二尖瓣置换术后出现严重低心排的患者施行左心辅助,共23小时40分,抢救成功。结论：左心辅助作为一种安全有效和可信的救治衰竭心脏的方法,其成功应用有以下4要素：应用时机和病人选择、装置的选择及其表现、操作左心辅助医生对左心辅助理论的理解和对临床情况的判断力、左心辅助并发症的防治。     

What determines nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus?

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is an important risk factor for infection by this organism in both community and hospital settings; this article reviews the role of host and bacterial factors in carriage. A host genetic influence appears likely but the phenotypic determinants are unknown. Possibilities include variability in host adhesins, immune response or secretion of antimicrobial molecules. Colonization resistance by S. aureus, together with the observation that persistent carriers often carry a single strain whereas intermittent carriers can be colonized with unrelated strains over time, suggests that bacterial factors could also be involved.     

Role of diastolic vortices in flow and energy dynamics during systolic ejection

MRI-based computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed in the left ventricles of two adult porcine subjects with varying physiological states (before and after an induced infarction). The hypothesis that diastolic vortices store kinetic energy and assist systolic ejection was tested, by performing systolic simulations in the presence and absence of diastolic vortices. The latter was achieved by reinitializing the entire velocity field to be zero at the beginning of systole. A rudimentary prescribed motion model of a mitral valve was included in the simulations to direct the incoming mitral jet towards the apex. Results showed that the presence or absence of diastolic vortex rings had insignificant impact on the energy expended by walls of the left ventricles for systolic ejection for both the porcine subjects, under all physiological conditions. Although substantial kinetic energy was stored in diastolic vortices by end diastole, it provided no appreciable savings during systolic ejection, and most likely continued to complete dissipation during systole. The role of diastolic vortices in apical washout was investigated by studying the cumulative mass fraction of passive dye that was ejected during systole in the presence and absence of vortices. Results indicated that the diastolic vortices play a crucial role in ensuring efficient washout of apical blood during systolic ejection.     

The ethmoid and presphenoid of cetaceans

A cribriform plate, a perpendicular plate, and two lateral masses are major components of the ethmoid bone of mammals. Notwithstanding the noticeable bone, virtually sitting in the center of the skull, extensive modifications of the skull of modern cetaceans, especially odontocetes (toothed whales), and the lack of clarity as to what characteristics delimit each element of the ethmoid has made the problem of the nature of the cetacean ethmoid more complicated and elusive than in other, less modified mammals. Furthermore, contention as to whether a perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, or the mesethmoid, exists in all mammals including cetaceans has remained unsettled. In odontocetes, the mesethmoid has been variably identified not only as the osseous nasal septum but also as the mediodorsal region of the posterior wall of the nasal passage below the nasals, as a mass of bone encased by the vomer in front of the osseous nasal cavity at the base of the rostrum, and as a combination of some portions mentioned above. The presence or absence of the mesethmoid in various groups of mammals has attracted the attention of some biologists, and here, I demonstrate that cetaceans have no mesethmoid. The close inspection of the ontogenetic changes of the basicranial elements in cetaceans reveals that a mass of bone ensheathed by the vomer in front, or at the level of the osseous nasal cavity is actually the presphenoid. It is highly likely that in odontocetes the posterior wall of the nasal passages below the nasals consists of the combination of the frontal, the imperforated cribriform plate, the paired ectethmoids, and the vomer, the latter three of which partially concealing the presphenoid dorsally and laterally as the ontogeny proceeds. In contrast, mysticetes clearly display ethmoturbinates and a cribriform plate, which are morphologically similar to those in terrestrial mammals. J. Morphol. 277:1661–1674, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Impaired local intrinsic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19

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