镉胁迫下草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素积累和分布的变化

采用水培实验,研究重金属镉对草莓幼龄期叶、根矿质元素含量和分布的影响。结果表明,高量镉降低草莓根中K、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe的积累,叶片相应元素以及B、Mo含量也随镉浓度增大而呈降低趋势;但镉浓度较低时,K、Mg、P、Zn在叶、根中的含量均增加,而后才随镉处理浓度提高而降低。在镉胁迫下,同一元素在草莓叶、根之间的分布也受到影响,而且某些矿质元素含量间有显著相关性。     

Specific endonuclease activity of integrase encoded by the mdg4 (gypsy) retrotransposon

To study the mechanism of precise excision ofgypsy from genomic sites, the integrase domain ofgypsy pol was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli. The endonuclease activity of recombinant integrase was assayed with synthetic substrates corresponding to 3′-U5 ofgypsy LTR and to the known genomic insertion sites ofgypsy. Integrase nicked the 5′-A ⇓ YR-3′ triplet in the (+) strand of the double-stranded substrates; cleavage of a single-stranded substrate was nonspecific. Cleavage proved to be affected by the local conformation of the substrate: the (+) strand was cleaved more efficiently when the (−) strand had an unpaired base in the triplet and was not cleaved when the (−) strand was interrupted or branched. The triplet corresponded to the consensus region ofgypsy insertion (5′-YRYR ⇓ YR-3′), the site of cleavagein vitro coinciding with the site of insertionin vivo. The unique mechanism ofgypsy excision was assumed to depend to a great extent on the enzymic properties of its integrase.     

The arrangement of resources in patchy landscapes: effects on distribution, survival, and resource acquisition of chironomids

The spatial arrangement of resources in patchy habitats influences the distribution of individuals and their ability to acquire resources. We used Chironomus riparius, a ubiquitous aquatic insect that uses leaf particles as an important resource, to ask how the dispersion of resource patches influences the distribution and resource acquisition of mobile individuals in patchy landscapes. Two experiments were conducted in replicated laboratory landscapes (38×38 cm) created by arranging sand and leaf patches in a 5×5 grid so that the leaf patches were either aggregated or uniformly dispersed in the grid. One-day-old C. riparius larvae were introduced into the landscapes in one of three densities (low, medium, high). In experiment 1, we sampled larvae and pupae by coring each patch in each landscape 3, 6, 12, or 24 days after adding larvae. In experiment 2, emerging adults were collected daily for 42 days from each patch in each landscape. In aggregated landscapes, individuals were aggregated in one patch type or the other during a particular developmental stage, but the ”preferred” type changed depending on developmental stage and initial density. Adult emergence was lower by about 30% in all aggregated landscapes. In dispersed landscapes, individuals used both types of patch throughout their life cycles at all initial densities. Thus, patch arrangement influences the distribution of mobile individuals in landscapes, and it influences resource acquisition even when average resource abundance is identical among landscapes. Regardless of patch arrangement, high initial density caused accumulation of early instars in edge patches, 75% mortality of early instars, a 25% increase in development time, and a 60% reduction in adult emergence. Because mortality was extremely high among early-instar larvae in high-density treatments, we do not have direct evidence that the mechanism by which patch arrangement operates is density dependent. However, the results of our experiments strongly suggest that dispersion of resource patches across a landscape reduces local densities by making non-resource patches available for use, thereby reducing intraspecific competition. Received: 20 July 1999 / Accepted: 28 January 2000     

Habitat selection as a hierarchical spatial process: the green woodpecker at the northern edge of its distribution range

Habitat selection can be envisaged as a hierarchical spatial process, from choice of home range to choice of dietary item. The green woodpecker (Picus viridis) is described as being closely bound to cultivated land and deciduous forests, mainly due to its summer diet composed of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) found on meadows and pastures. To explore possible responses of this woodpecker to recent changes in land use practice, we studied home ranges, feeding habitats and food selection of a marginal population (four radio-marked males and five females) in a 30,000-ha conifer-dominated landscape at the northern edge of its distribution range in south-central Scandinavia. We asked: (1) Is the green woodpecker confined to areas with cultivated land and deciduous forest? (2) If so, are important food items (ants) particularly abundant or exclusively found there? (3) Can clearcuts and young plantations substitute for cultivated land as feeding habitat? Home ranges (mean=100 ha) were invariably confined to the parts of the landscape that contained cultivated land (<1% of the total area). In summer, birds preferred to feed in cultivated land, presumably due to a higher overall biomass of ants compared to forest habitats. They avoided clearcuts, but preyed extensively upon soil-dwelling ants in young conifer stands (16–30 years old). We failed to find preferences for particular ant groups (Lasius niger and L. flavus) associated with cultivated land. The principal summer food was Serviformica, an ant group that was equally abundant in cultivated land and forest habitat. A positive correlation between ant body mass and a preference index suggests that the birds selected the larger ant species independent of habitat type. In winter, birds fed exclusively on mound-building Formica rufa-ants in closed-canopy, older forest stands. Our results indicate that the green woodpecker successfully utilizes young conifer plantations as feeding habitat. At a larger scale, we hypothesize that green woodpecker populations fail to establish in managed forest tracts, not because of food shortage, but because the landscapes lack cultivated land serving as a key stimulus encouraging individuals to settle.     

大肠杆菌原核增强子样序列的克隆及其结构与功能的研究

利用氯霉素乙酰转移酶(cat)以及β-半乳糖苷酶(lacZ)基因作为报告基因,从大肠杆菌MC1061株染色体基因组中克隆到3个原核增强子样序列——MC2,MC8,MC9,这3个片段均具有正反向增强活性,对β-半乳糖苷酶基因的增强活性(正向)在2～5.5倍之间。采用体内转录,RNA Dot blot杂交的方法对MC8的功能进行了研究,结果表明,MC8片段对于基因表达的调控发生在转录水平上。用核酸外切酶III末端缺失的方法对MC8的功能区进行了定位。结果显示,MC8的功能区位于距其正向克隆5′端450～950bp长约500bp的区段内。在450～600bp以及840～950bp区段内至少分别含有一个功能位点。序列分析的结果表明,MC8功能区有3个AT丰富区,其中2个分别位于450～600bp以及840～950bp区段内。     

福建种子植物区系地理研究

福建省地处中国东南沿海的亚热带 ,季风气候显著 ,水热条件良好 ,地貌以山地为主 ,致使种子植物成分丰富 ,自然分布的种类约有 1152属归 186科。区系地理成分分析表明 ,福建种子植物区系是典型的热带起源 ,热带成分占 56 .0 3% ,其中以泛热带成分最多 ,同时兼容了大量温带成分 ,说明温带成分并非源自本地 ,而是亚热带山区起源。区系成分中单型属和少型属以及特有属成分相当丰富 ,说明了残遗现象和个别特化现象比较明显     

广州城市绿地系统景观异质性分析

选用景观多样性等7个指数对广州城市绿地景观异性质进行了分析.结果表明,广州绿地斑块密度和绿廓道密度分别为11.8和1.87km·km^-2,在老城区绿地具有斑块小,破碎度大,多样性高,以随机分布为主的高异质性空间结构;在新城区,绿地斑块大,以均匀分布为主,因此,在同等大小的区域内,这类绿地空间结构更能提高景观的异质性,更有效地发挥绿地的生态功能.     

梅州沙田柚结果树中矿质元素的季节性变化

研究了梅州沙田柚 (Citrusgrandisvar shatinyuHout )叶片、果实在各时期的矿质元素含量变化。结果表明 ,沙田柚在年周期中 ,树体的营养元素含量随着物候期表现出明显的季节性变化 ,说明沙田柚的栽培必须按各物候期、迎合沙田柚对营养要求 ,适时地、适量地供给各种养料 ;根据成熟果实中N、P的吸收量可推算出其全年所需的施氮、磷施肥量。     

Vc稀土对肉兔生长性能影响试验研究

本文研究Ｖｃ稀土对肉兔生长性能的影响。实验结果表明饲料中添加３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ对肉兔有明显增重效果（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其残留量仅为０．２８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ以下剂量没有引起肉兔体内组织病变。Ｖｃ稀土在肉兔体内以骨骼分布为主,其次是分布国胃、肺、脾、肝、肠等组织器官,而在肌肉、心脏组织中含量非常低。     

Temporal and spatial changes in a mountainous area of central Italy

Abstract. In this paper we present an application of aerial remote sensing to the analysis of spatial information in a mountainous area of central Italy by applying texture measures and landscape indices. Land cover data acquired in different time periods are used to calculate measures of landscape pattern and structure at pixel level (tone and texture variables) and patch‐level (landscape indices). Images of the patches from the 1950s, 1980s and 1990s have been derived from the tone‐texture classification of scanned black‐and‐white photographs. Multitemporal analysis of landscape indices has been performed to detect changes of landscape elements and related effects on vegetation dynamics due to the reduction of human impact.