两种内固定方法治疗髌骨骨折术后关节面对合情况的比较

目的：比较改良张力带钢丝内固定和传统张力带钢丝内固定治疗髌骨横行骨折术后关节面对合的效果。方法：2007年3月至2011年9月,分别采用胥氏张力带钢丝内固定和改良张力带钢丝内固定且随访超过1年的髌骨横行骨折的患者64例,术中分别采用胥氏张力带钢丝内固定和改良张力带钢丝内固定治疗,随访时行膝关节X线摄片检查,观察关节面对合情况,比较两种治疗方法所致关节面台阶样错位是否大于2mm的差异。结果：64例患者均获得随访,随访时间8~18个月,平均13.2个月,骨折端均愈合,两组Lysholm评分比较无统计学意义（P=0.665）;胥氏张力带钢丝内固定组和改良张力带钢丝内固定组分贝出现1例（3.1%）和7例（21.9%）关节面台阶征,两组关节面台阶征的发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）。结论：胥氏张力带钢丝固定法使髌骨骨折术后固定作用加强,关节面对合更好,能有效预防因台阶征引起的创伤性关节炎的发生。     

The landscape configuration and lethality of snare poaching of sympatric guilds of large carnivores and ungulates

Poaching of wildlife presents one of the biggest conservation challenges in the 21st century. Snaring is one of the primary means of capturing target animals. To prioritise interventions intending to reduce snaring, we describe an approach for quantifying the configuration and lethality of snares. We conducted transect surveys in Murchison Falls National Park. All the snares that we recovered were made of wire with the majority (81.0%, n = 546 of 674) deriving from vehicle tire wire. The density of snares ranged from 0.08 to 4.58 snares/km², which is the highest known density in sub‐Saharan Africa. The majority (63%) of the animals caught in wire snares were unrecovered and wasted. We found that noose width, vertical drop, wire circumference, anchor height, proportion of un‐thicketed area, grass height, distance to river and village had a significant positive relationships to lethality, while snare thickness, charms, tree DBH, thicket diameter, distance to nearest road negatively affected lethality. We recommend adopting wholistic anti‐snare countermeasures such as the human heritage‐centred conservation to empower local people. Our method illustrates the opportunity to standardise temporal and spatial measurements of snare density and configuration necessary to stop illegal wildlife poaching.     

两种增温方式对杉木和木荷单萜烯通量及光合特性的影响

全球增温对森林生态系统碳循环产生了重要影响,而生物源挥发性有机化合物(Biogenic volatile organic compounds,BVOCs)是生态系统中生物合成的重要次生碳代谢产物。作为BVOCs的主要组成成分,单萜烯(Monoterpenes,MTs)合成与释放在森林生态系统碳循环过程中有重要作用。以南亚热带常见树种杉木(Cunninghamia Lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook)和木荷(Schima superba Gardn.et Champ)2年生盆栽苗木为对象,设置未增温、电热线增温和红外辐射器增温3个处理,分析不同增温方式对植物MTs通量、光合作用及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:杉木MTs通量显著高于木荷,分别为4027.634-16239.608 pmol m^-2 s^-1、49.228-130.512 pmol m^-2 s^-1。电热线增温导致杉木MTs通量增加约2倍,以柠檬烯和γ-松油烯为主,分别占73.3%和15.1%;红外辐射器增温处理下杉木MTs通量下降52.6%,以柠檬烯和α-松油烯为主,分别占71.3%和18.9%。不同处理间杉木气孔导度的变化趋势与其MTs通量结果类似,增温可能主要通过影响植物气孔导度从而影响MTs释放。增温处理后木荷净光合速率增加,其中电热线增温处理效果更显著(9.890 μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1),且不同处理存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。因此,在进行全球增温模拟研究时需考虑增温方式差异,建议尽量设置多种增温方式,以便更全面反映增温的生态效应,为全球增温模型提供更可靠的数据支撑。     

三种不同内固定法治疗锁骨骨折62 例临床疗效的分析

目的:观察三种不同内固定法治疗锁骨骨折临床疗效及安全性.方法:将62例锁骨骨折患者随机分成三组,其中15人接受双克氏针钢丝环绕法治疗,钢板螺钉内固定处理17例,30人应用镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗.从手术时间、优良率、愈合时间、术中出血及并发症等指标进行评价.结果:三种内固定方法治疗锁骨骨折组的手术时间、愈合时间、术中出血差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),镍钛记忆合金环抱器组的术后并发症与双克氏针钢丝环绕法组及钢板螺钉内固定处理组相比,有差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);镍钛记忆合金环抱器治疗锁骨骨折的优良率与其它两组相比,有差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:镍钛记忆合金环抱器法治疗锁骨骨折的临床疗效优于双克氏针钢丝环绕法、钢板螺钉内固定法.     

Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae,particularly serotype19A/ST320, which emerged in Krasnoyarsk,Russia

Streptococcus pneumoniae , a common human pathogen, colonizes the nasopharynx and causes diseases including acute otitis media (AOM). Herein, pneumococcal serotype distributions in children before and after PCV7 vaccination and in patients with pneumococcal disease in Siberian Russia (Krasnoyarsk) are reported. Analyses included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, sequence typing (ST), pulsed field gel electrophoresis, virulence‐related surface protein gene (VSG) typing with novel primers and structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy. In healthy children (HC) prior to administration of PCV7, drug‐susceptible serotype23F/ST1500 was a major pneumococcal genotype. In the PCV7 trial, multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 emerged in vaccinees after PCV7, exhibiting a PCV7‐induced serotype replacement. Multidrug‐resistant serotype19A/ST320 was evident in patients with AOM. Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) isolates showed genetic similarities to the AOM (ST320) genotype, constituting a common non‐invasive AOM–CAP group. In contrast, meningitis isolates were more divergent. Overall, 25 ST types were identified; five (20%) of which were Krasnoyarsk‐native. Regarding VSGs, PI‐1 (rlrA /rrgB ), PI‐2 (pitA /B ), psrP and cbpA were present at 54.3%, 38.6%, 48.6%, and 95.7%, respectively, with two major VSG content types, PI‐1^?/PI‐2^?/psrP ⁺/cbpA ⁺ and PI‐1⁺/PI‐2⁺/psrP ^‐/cbpA ⁺, being found for HC and non‐invasive diseases, respectively. A major clone of serotype19A/ST320 (PI‐1⁺/PI‐2⁺) produced the longest pneumococcal wire (pilus) structures in colonies. ST1016 (PI‐1^?/PI‐2^?) in HC had HEp‐2 cell‐adherent pili. These results suggest that serotype19A/ST320 and related genotypes, with the VSG content type PI‐1⁺/PI‐2⁺/psrP ^?/cbpA ⁺, emerged in vaccinees after PCV7 in Siberia, accompanying diseases in non‐vaccinated children, and that some genotypes (serotypes19A/ST320 and 18/ST1016) produced novel pneumococcal structures, predicting their roles in colony formation and adherence.

     

气相色谱/质谱法研究栀子花头香成分

The floral volatiles of Gardenia jasminodes vat. grandiflora were investigated by adsorption wire/GC/MS. As a result 86 compounds were separated and determined, which amount to 98.5% of the total volatiles. The main compounds were linalool, β-myrcene, methyl benzoate, L-limonene, ocimene, cis-3-hexenyl tiglate, cis-3-hexenylisovalerate, iso-amyltiglate, etc.     

微型钢板内固定与克氏针内固定治疗掌指关节周围骨折临床疗效的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：对比掌指关节周围骨折采用克氏针内固定或微型钢板内固定治疗后的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2019年8月~2022年12月期间江南大学附属医院收治的掌指关节周围骨折97例患者的临床资料。按照不同的内固定方式将患者分为A组（克氏针内固定治疗,47例）和B组（微型钢板内固定,50例）。对比两组治疗指标[手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、功能锻炼开始时间]、术后指标[指关节总活动度、手总主动活动度评分]、手功能[手指总主动屈曲度量表（TAFS）评分]、手部疼痛,同时观察两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：B组的功能锻炼开始时间、骨折愈合时间均短于A组,手术时间长于A组（P<0.05）,两组住院时间组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。B组的指关节总活动度大于A组,手总主动活动度评分高于A组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,两组手部疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。B组手功能TAFS评分优良率为92.00%,高于A组74.47%（P<0.05）。B组的术后并发症发生率低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：相对于克氏针内固定治疗,微型钢板内固定治疗掌指关节周围骨折,可缩短愈合时间、功能锻炼开始时间,提高手功能,指关节总活动度以及手总主动活动度评分,减轻手疼痛,降低并发症发生率,但其手术时间更长。     

Butterfly milkweed extract as a feeding deterrent of the wireworm, Melanotus communis

Crude extracts of butterfly milkweed, Asclepias tuberosa L., were tested for deterrent properties against the corn wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyll (Coleoptera:Elateridae). When offered milkweed-treated and control baits, wireworms fed almost exclusively on untreated food. In no-choice tests, there was a significantly lower frequency of damage to treated baits than control baits. Extended exposure of wireworms to the extract did not affect their survival, feeding vigor, or preference in subsequent feeding tests. Seed corn treated with crude extract exhibited slight phytotoxicity in the form of delayed germination and depressed growth rates.

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Résumé Les propriétés dissuadantes des extraits bruts d'Asclepias tuberosa L. ont été testées contre Melanotus communis Gyll. Quand on a présenté des appâts traités avec A. tuberosa et des appâts témoins, les taupins ont consommé presque exclusivement l'aliment non traité. Dans des expériences sans choix, les appâts traités étaient significativement moins attaqués que les appâts témoins. Une exposition prolongée des taupins à l'extrait n'avait pas modifié leur survie, leur appétit ou leur préférence dans des expériences alimentaires ultérieures. Des graines de maïs traitées avec des extraits bruts ont présenté une légère phytotoxicité sous la forme d'une germination retardée et d'un taux de croissance ralenti.

     

A Flexible Hingeless Control Surface Inspired by Aquatic Animals

##正## A flexible hingeless control surface model was proposed for motion control of Underwater Vehicles (UVs),which is inspiredby the flexible bending control surfaces of underwater creatures,such as fish and squid.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation demonstrates that,in comparison with the hinged or rigid control surface,the proposed flexible bendingcontrol surface can suppress the flow separation so as to improve the turning performance.A prototype of the flexible controlsurface was fabricated,in which Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires were selected as the actuators.The elastic energy storageand exchange mechanism was incorporated into the actuation of the control surface to improve the efficiency.Thermal analysisof SMA wires was performed to find proper actuating condition.Open-loop bending experiments were carried out.The resultsshow that the proposed control surface can achieve the maximum bending angle of 104°.Moreover,the power and energyconsumption under different pulse conditions were compared.