论吉林省中部玉米带的气候生态适应性

玉米是吉林省的主要作物之一,其产量占全省粮食总产量的60%以上,产值占全省农业总产值的1/3以上。吉林省中部地区13个县是玉米的主要产区,总耕地面积2.267×10~6ha,占全省的56%,1985年中部玉米面积1.0×10~6ha,占中部耕地面积的44%,占全省玉米面积     

吉林省植物新记录

报道了吉林省植物新记录6种,分属5科6属,它们是弓嘴苔草(Carex capricornis)、圆柱披碱草(Elymus dahuricus var.cylindricus)、沙芦草(Agropyron mongolicum)、粘毛黄芩(Scutellaria viscidula)、耧斗菜叶绣线菊(Spiraea aquilegiifolia)、细叶小苦荬(Ixeridium gracile)。这6种植物在《东北植物检索表》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《中国植物志》等文献中都未曾记录在吉林省的分布,因此确定这6种植物属于吉林省新记录。     

吉林省主要林型森林火灾的碳量释放

火是森林生态系统主要的干扰因子,森林火灾的频繁发生不仅使森林生态系统遭到破坏,同时也造成了含碳温室气体的大量释放。国际上对森林火灾释放温室气体的研究越来越多,中国学者也对我国森林火灾释放的温室气体进行了研究。当前,对森林火灾释放碳量的估算主要应用平均生物量数据,而不是应用每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量,另外对林型森林火灾碳释放的差异研究不够深入。根据每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量来研究吉林省主要林型森林火灾碳释放。根据吉林省1969—2004年的森林火灾统计数据,计算出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放碳量。其中,白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾直接释放的碳量占1969—2004年吉林省森林火灾碳释放总量的99.7%。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的碳量分别为6593.75-8791.66、5650.28-7533.71、3906.57-5208.76、2110.75-2814.33、1613.71-2151.61、295.49-393.98、234.37-312.50 t。用排放比法得出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4量。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的CO2量分别为21759.36-29012.48、18645.93-24861.24、12891.69-17188.92、6965.46-9287.29、5325.25-7100.33、975.11-1300.14、773.43-1031.24 t,年均释放的CO量分别为1583.09-2110.78、1356.57-1808.76、937.93-1250.57、506.77-675.69、387.43-516.58、70.94-94.59、56.27-75.03 t,年均释放的CH4量分别为534.71-712.94、458.20-610.93、316.80-422.39、171.17-228.22、130.86-174.48、23.96-31.95、19.01-25.34 t。通过时间系列分析,白桦林自1980年以后、针阔混交林自1984年以后和红松林自1983年以后已经不是主要森林火灾碳释放林型。目前主要森林火灾碳释放林型为阔叶混交林、落叶松林、柞树林和杨树林,特别是柞树林,年均碳释放为237.12-316.16 t。     

吉林桦甸盆地中始新世端生齿鬣蜥类(有鳞目)化石及对响蜥属的评述(英文)

中国吉林省中始新世桦甸组的两种端生齿鬣蜥类化石突显出端生齿类(Acrodonta)在第三纪早期的分化。第一种化石的特征为具有多个(6个)前侧生齿位及单尖且侧扁的颊齿。其牙齿与牙齿缺失附尖的主要端生齿类(如鬣蜥亚科Agaminae的海蜥属Hydrosaurus)无特别相似之处,其亲缘关系也并不清楚。第二种的牙齿与很多现生有三尖齿的鬣蜥类(即蜡皮蜥属Leiolepis和飞蜥亚科Draconinae)以及化石响蜥属的许多种相似;一个骨骼特征显示其可能与包括鬣蜥亚科、海蜥属、飞蜥亚科和须鬣蜥亚科(Amphibolurinae)的支系有关,但尚需更多更完整的标本以做结论。与现生鬣蜥类的比较研究表明,与响蜥属牙齿相似的三尖型齿很可能是蜡皮蜥属及飞蜥亚科中大约200个现生种的典型特征。相对于这些支系,响蜥属的鉴定特征并不充分。由于端生齿类的分化被认为始于新生代早期,因而东亚的化石材料很可能有助于阐明这一支系的演化历史,尤其是结合分子遗传学的研究方法。然而仅基于破碎颌骨材料的新分类单元名称的成倍增加并不能使我们更接近这一目标,尽力采集标本并研究可对比的现生骨骼材料应是第一位的。     

The effects of population density changes on ecosystem services value: A case study in Western Jilin,China

In recent decades, the semi-arid ecosystem of China's Western Jilin province has changed dramatically due to intensive human activities. This article simulated the population density in Western Jilin using a Kernel Density Estimation method and explored the influence of population density on both the value and structure of ecosystem services in various regions. The results showed that lower population density correlated with higher values of ecosystem services per unit area. Apart from food production value, the value of each type of ecosystem service per unit area decreased as population density increased, with the greatest change observed in the value of waste disposal and the lowest in the value of raw materials. Analysis of demographic change on the structure of ecosystem services value produced a Gourd Phenomenon. Sensitivity analysis showed that the sensitivity coefficient of farmland ecosystems was highest, followed by wetland ecosystems and water ecosystems. Therefore, we should restore farmland to grassland and wetland (with its associated rivers and lakes) when reconstructing the eco-environment in Western Jilin.     

吉林省蓝藻门三新种

报道了采自吉林省五女峰的蓝藻门3个新种：集安蓝柄藻、紫红柄球藻、扩展真枝藻。     

吉林省松花湖库区台蚱属一新种(直翅目,蚱总科)

记述采自吉林省吉林市松花湖库区的蚱总科台蚱属1新种：长角台蚱Formosatettix longicornia sp.nov．。     

吉林龙井渐新世三合植物群

描述三合植物群24种（归17科22属）,其中17已知种,1新种（Zizyphus orbitofolia)和6未定种。此化石植物群包含蕨类植物1种1种,裸子植物5属5种,被子植物16属18种,其中有2形态属,其余全归现代属。这个植物群的物种数量虽不多,但其多样性是很明显的。植物群中壳斗科有3属5种,是属种最多的科。其次杉科有3属3种,豆科2属2种,其余14科仅有1属1种。植物群中只有Sequoia、Fukienia和Palaeocarya是常绿植物,其余均属落叶植物,是一个针叶和落叶阔叶混交林。三合植物群的成分与朝鲜北部咸镜北道会宁植物群类似,属于渐新世。     

Evaluation of the eco-environmental frangibility in west Jilin Province based on the matter-element model

The west Jilin Province is a typical area in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, with a frangible eco-environment. With respect to the three aspects of water resource, natural disasters and land degradation, 10 indices were selected to establish a matter-element model for the assessment of eco-environmental frangibility in the west Jilin Province. The results indicate that during 1985-2000, Qian’an, Fuyu, and Changling had the least frangibility (level I), followed by Da’an and Qianguo (level II), and Taobei, Zhenlai, Taonan, and Tongyu had the highest frangibility (level III). On the whole, the counties in Songyuan city were less frangible than those in Baicheng city. Different counties had different frangibilities to environmental factors, e.g., Da’an and Tongyu were frangible in water resource conditions; Taobei, Zhenlai, Taonan, Tongyu and Qian’an suffered most from natural disasters; while Taobei, Taonan and Qianguo were threatened by severe land degradation. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(2): 291–295 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

Map-based cloning of genes encoding key enzymes for pigment synthesis in Auricularia cornea

Color is an important quality attribute of fungi, and a useful marker for classification, genetic, and molecular research. However, there is much debate over which enzymes play key regulatory roles in pigment synthesis pathways among different fungi and even within the same species. Auricularia cornea is the most widely cultivated mushroom in the genus Auricularia; 1.834 million tons of this mushroom were produced in 2016 in China. Thus, systematic studies on its color inheritance and the genes encoding key enzymes for pigment synthesis have high scientific and economic value. In this study, the white strain ACW001 and the purple strain ACP004 of A. cornea were used as dikaryotic parents. Selfing populations of ACW001 and ACP004 were constructed with their monokaryotic strains. The fruiting body color of the two populations was consistent with that of their parents, confirming that the two parents were color homozygotes. All strains in the hybrid population of the two parents produced purple fruiting bodies. A robust hybrid strain (ACW001-33×ACP004-33) was selected from the hybrid population, and 87 monokaryotic strains of ACW001-33×ACP004-33 were obtained as a mapping population. Finally, a testcross population was constructed by crossing the mapping population with the test strain ACW001-9. The color genotype of each monokaryotic strain in the mapping population was identified by a fruiting test. The genomes of the two monokaryotic strains ACW001-33 and ACP004-33 were sequenced, and then simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker primers were developed. Then, 88 pairs of primers that could distinguish the genotypes of the mapping population were used to construct a genetic linkage map. The genetic linkage map consisted of 12 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1315.2 cM. The color control locus was preliminarily located at 24.5 cM of the 11th LG. Fine-mapping primers were designed based on sequence differences between ACW001-33 and ACP004-33 in the primary location region. Four color control candidate genes were located in an 8.2-kb region of ACW001-33_contig733 and a 9.2-kb region of ACP004-33_contig802. Homologous alignment and prediction of conserved domain analyses indicated that two of the color control candidate genes encoded proteins with unknown function, and the other two, ACP004_g11815 and ACP004_g11816, encoded glutamyl aminotransferases. These two genes were consecutively arranged on ACP004-33_contig802, and were likely to encode key enzymes in the γ-glutamine-4-hydroxy-benzoate (GHB) pigment synthesis pathway. Primers were designed from the flanking sequences of the two genes and used to analyze the testcross population. Products were amplified only from the 30 testcross strains with purple fruiting bodies, confirming the accuracy of the localization results. We discuss the deficiencies and advantages of map-based cloning in fungi vs. plants, and summarize the steps and requirements of the map-based cloning method for fungi. This study has provided novel ideas and methods for locating functional genes in fungi.