Maintenance of the Adult Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion In Vitro: Comparison of Organ and Explant Culture Systems

Abstract: Concentrations of selected intermediates of energy metabolism whole rat superior cervical ganglia maintained in vitro by an organ culture technique were compared with values measured in small slices of this maintained under essentially the same conditions. Rates of incorporation [³H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material in whole ganglia mained constant for at least 48 h: however, the oxidation-reduction state tissue as indexed by (NAD):(NADH) ratios calculated from measured amounts of lactate and pyruvate decreased more than 50% within ³h in vitro . Ganglion explants prepared by cutting the tissue into ³⁰⁰-pm transverse sections played (NAD):(NADH) ratios that were about three times greater than noted in whole ganglia maintained in vitro for the same period of time. explants contained significantly higher concentrations of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate than whole ganglia maintained in culture. Maintenance of vorable metabolic state may support the extensive growth of neurites seen explant cultures of superior cervical ganglia. Outgrowth of processes containing catecholamines could be detected readily in explant cultures of ganglia adult rats; however, this was somewhat slower and less consistent than growth observed in explants from neonatal rats. Outgrowth of neurites adult ganglia was minimal without the addition of Nerve Growth Factor.     

The cole-moore effect in nodal membrane of the frogRana ridibunda: Evidence for fast and slow potassium channels

Summary The K conductance (g _K) kinetics were studied in voltage-clamped frog nodes (Rana ridibunda) in double-pulse experiments. The Cole-Moore translation forg _K–t curves associated with different initial potentials (E) was only observed with a small percentage of fibers. The absence of the translation was found to be caused by the involvement of an additional, slow,g _K component. This component cannot be attributed to a multiple-state performance of the K channel. It can only be accounted for by a separate, slow K channel, the fast channel being the same as then ⁴ K channel inR. pipiens.The slow K channel is characterized by weaker sensitivity to TEA, smaller density, weaker potential (E) dependence, and somewhat more negativeE range of activation than the fast K channel. According to characteristics of the slow K system, three types of fibers were found. In Type I fibers (most numerous) the slow K channel behaves as ann ⁴ HH channel. In Type II fibers (the second largest group found) the slow K channel obeys the HH kinetics within a certainE range only; beyond this range the exponential decline of the slowg _K component is preceded by anE-dependent delay, its kinetics after the delay being the same as those in Type I fibers. In Type III fibers (rare) the slow K channel is lacking, and it is only in these fibers that the Cole-Moore translation of the measuredg _K–t curves can be observed directly.The physiological role of the fast and slow K channel in amphibian nerves is briefly discussed.     

Lymph node colonization induces tumor-immune tolerance to promote distant metastasis

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Contact sensitization: A new approach to risk assessment

The murine local lymph node assay is a novel predictive test for the identification of skin sensitizing chemicals. The method measures sensitization potential of a chemical in mice as a function of proliferative activity induced in lymph nodes draining the site of topical exposure to that test chemical. Here we describe the use of the local lymph node assay for evaluation of the relative potency of skin sensitizing chemicals via derivation of the concentration required to produce a threshold positive reaction. Subsequently, the development of risk assessments based on comparisons with index contact allergens is outlined.     

DCE-MRI联合DWI对直肠癌患者术前T、N分期及系膜淋巴结良恶性的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨动态对比增强磁共振(DCE-MRI)联合弥散加权成像（DWI）诊断直肠癌术前T、N分期和系膜淋巴结良恶性的价值。方法：收集2017年2月至2019年10月中国医科大学附属本溪中心医院和中国医科大学附属盛京医院接诊的80例直肠癌患者,均进行常规核磁共振成像（MRI）、DCE-MRI、DWI扫描,获得DCE-MRI、DWI定量参数[转运常数（K ^trans ）、细胞外血管外空间的体积分数（V _e ）、速率常数（K _ep ）、表观扩散系数(ADC)],比较不同T、N分期、不同性质系膜淋巴结DCE-MRI、DWI参数,及其对T、N分期和系膜淋巴结性质的诊断效能。结果：直肠癌癌灶K ^trans 、 K _ep 、V _e 高于正常肠壁,ADC低于正常肠壁（P＜0.05）。TNM分期为T_Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的患者K ^trans 、 K _ep 、V _e 高于T_Ⅰ～Ⅱ期,ADC低于T_Ⅰ～Ⅱ期（P＜0.05）;TNM分期为N₁期的患者K ^trans 、K _ep 、V _e 高于N₀期,ADC低于N₀期（P＜0.05）。联合诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值较高。结论：DCE-MRI联合DWI对直肠癌术前T、N分期、系膜淋巴结性质诊断价值较高。     

The efficacy of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based diagnostic model in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer regional lymph node metastasis

In order to assess the efficacy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT-based diagnostic model in diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastasis (LNM), the ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT medical records of CRC patients were acquired, and the CRC regional LNM diagnostic model was constructed through the combination of image and grain factors of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The specific analysis methods include univariate analysis, multivariate analysis, ROC curve analysis, and statistical analysis. The research results showed statistical differences in TNM staging, intestinal obstructions, tumor infiltration, regional lymph node (LN) SUVmax, regional LN minimum dimension, and remote metastasis between the CRC patients in the LNM positive group and the LNM negative group. Through the comparisons between the diagnostic model proposed in the research and other diagnostic methods, it was found that the AUC (95%CI) and sensitivity of the proposed diagnostic model were the highest, the comprehensive diagnostic efficacy of the diagnostic model was optimal. Therefore, it was concluded that the diagnostic model was of significant application values, which provided the basis for subsequent clinical diagnosis of CRC.     

miR-520a-3p调控宫颈癌细胞因子分泌的信号通路*

目的: 探讨miR-520a-3p调控宫颈癌细胞因子分泌的分子机制。方法: 通过TargetScanHuman分析miR-520a-3p与NF-κB复合体亚基RELA的匹配情况,然后通过荧光素酶报告系统检测miR-520a-3p是否靶向NF-κB复合体亚基RELA;使用LPS刺激宫颈癌HELA细胞后,将miR-520a-3p mimics与转染试剂混合后滴入HELA细胞中,此为过表达组;将miR-520a-3p inhibitor与转染试剂混合后滴入HELA细胞中,此为敲低组,通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测过表达组和敲低组GCSF, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MCP-5, RANTES, TNFα的表达水平。每次实验重复3次。结果: miR-520a-3p靶向RELA的3’UTR;LPS激活NF-kB信号通路后,宫颈癌HELA细胞分泌的细胞因子GCSF, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1, MCP-5, RANTES, TNFα的蛋白表达水平上升(P＜0.05);过表达组中NF-κB复合体亚基RELA的蛋白表达水平下降,宫颈癌HELA细胞分泌的上述细胞因子的蛋白表达水平下降(P＜0.05);敲低组中NF-κB复合体亚基RELA的蛋白表达水平上升,宫颈癌HELA细胞分泌的上述细胞因子的蛋白表达水平上升(P＜0.05)。结论: miR-520a-3p通过靶向NF-κB信号通路的关键分子RELA抑制宫颈癌HELA细胞的细胞因子分泌。     

Five candidate biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer

Purpose: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most general gynecological malignancies and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to select candidate genes related to the diagnosis and prognosis of CC.Methods: The mRNA expression profile datasets were downloaded. We also downloaded RNA-sequencing gene expression data and related clinical materials from TCGA, which included 307 CC samples and 3 normal samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by R software. GO function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed in the DAVID dataset. Using machine learning, the optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC were identified. We used qRT-PCR and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database to exhibit the differences in gene and protein levels of candidate genes.Results: A total of 313 DEGs were screened from the microarray expression profile datasets. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit B (CHAF1B), Chromatin Assembly Factor 1, subunit A (CHAF1A), MCM2, CDKN2A were identified as optimal diagnostic mRNA biomarkers for CC. Additionally, the GEPIA database showed that the DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and CDKN2A were associated with the poor survival of CC patients. HPA database and qRT-PCR confirmed that these genes were highly expressed in CC tissues.Conclusion: The present study identified five DEmRNAs, including DNMT1, CHAF1B, CHAF1A, MCM2 and Kinetochore-related protein 1 (KNTC1), as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CC.