Evaluation of total contents of Al,As, Ca,Cd, Fe,K, Mg,Ni, Pb,Zn and their fractions leached to the infusions of different tea samples. A multivariate study

ABSTRACT

Total aluminum, arsenic, calcium, cadmium, iron, lead, potassium, magnesium, nickel and zinc were determined in black tea by electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry after ultrasonic assisted pseudo-digestion with mixture of acid and oxidant. All the metals were also determined in the tea infusions in order to know the percentage of each element leached into the liquor. A conventional acid digestion on electric hot plate was used to obtain total metals under study for comparative purpose. Analytical results for Al, As, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn obtained by ultrasound assisted pseudodigestion, and conventional wet digestion methods showed a good agreement, thus indicating the possibility of using ultrasonic assisted digestion sample preparation instead of intensive treatments inherent with the acid digestion methods on electric hot plate. The validity and accuracy of both procedures were checked by using certified sample of NIES No. 7 (Tea Leaves). Non significant differences were observed for P>0.05 when comparing the values obtained by both methods (paired t-test).

Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to determine the different amount of metals as main sources of variability in the data sets and to establish the relation between samples (branded and nonbranded tea samples) and micronutrient, trace and toxic metals (variables). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to explore the different branded and nonbranded tea samples grouping according to the essential and toxic metals as additional information to the out put obtained by PCA.     

Ultrasound combined with SDF‐1α chemotactic microbubbles promotes stem cell homing in an osteoarthritis model

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease in the middle and old age group with obvious cartilage damage, and the regeneration of cartilage is the key to alleviating or treating OA. In stem cell therapy, bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) has been confirmed to have cartilage regeneration ability. However, the role of stem cells in promoting articular cartilage regeneration is severely limited by their low homing rate. Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) plays a vital role in MSC migration and involves activation, mobilization, homing and retention. So, we aim to develop SDF‐1α‐loaded microbubbles MB(SDF‐1α), and to verify the migration of BMSCs with the effect of ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of microbubbles and the content of SDF‐1α were examined in vitro. To evaluate the effect of ultrasound combined with chemotactic microbubbles on stem cell migration, BMSCs were injected locally and intravenously into the knee joint of the OA model, and the markers of BMSCs in the cartilage were detected. We successfully prepared MB(SDF‐1α) through covalent bonding with impressive SDF‐1α loading efficacy loading content. In vitro study, ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) group can promote more stem cell migration with highest migrating cell counts, good cell viability and highest CXCR4 expression. In vivo experiment, more BMSCs surface markers presented in the ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) group with or without exogenous BMSCs administration. Hence, ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) could promote the homing of BMSCs to cartilage and provide a novel promising therapeutic approach for OA.     

甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值分析

目的:研究甲状腺结节良恶性的彩色多普勒超声特征及其诊断价值。方法:选取从2016年3月~2019年2月于我院接受手术治疗的甲状腺疾病患者300例作为研究对象,均予以彩超检查,比较甲状腺良恶性结节的超声特征(主要包括直径、钙化情况、边界、回声、血流状况)。以病理活检结果为金标准,分析彩超诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的敏感性、特异性以及准确度。对比甲状腺良恶性结节的血流分型情况以及各项血流动力学参数。结果:恶性结节超声特征直径≥2 cm、有钙化、边界模糊、无回声/低回声、血流丰富人数占比均高于良性结节(均P<0.05)。以手术病理组织活检结果作为金标准,彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺结节的敏感性、特异性以及准确度分别为97.73%、86.11%、96.33%。甲状腺良性结节血流分型为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型人数占比高于恶性结节,而Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型人数占比低于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。甲状腺良性结节的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)均低于恶性结节,而舒张末期血流速度(EDV)高于恶性结节(均P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别价值较高,且具有较高的敏感性、特异性以及准确度,可为甲状腺良恶性结节的早期诊断、临床治疗提供重要的参考依据。     

经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值

目的:探讨经会阴二维超声对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能的评估价值。方法:选取2019年2月～2019年7月于我院进行自然分娩的产妇284例作为研究组,另选取同期于我院接受诊治的未育女性200例作为对照组。两组均进行经会阴二维超声检查,比较两组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的肛管直肠连接部(ARJ)、宫颈外口(CV)、尿道膀胱连接部(UVJ)的位置及运动变化情况,对比两组静息状态下以及最大Valsaval动作下盆底超声参数。结果:研究组静息期、张力期、缩肛期的CV距离水平参照线的垂直长度(CV-VD)、UVJ距离水平参照线的垂直长度(UVJ-VD)均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组张力期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均高于对照组,而缩肛期对应静息期垂直长度△r-s CV-VD、△r-s UVJ-VD均低于对照组(均P0.05)。研究组静息状态下膀胱颈位置(BNP)低于对照组,而膀胱尿道后角(PUA)高于对照组(均P0.05);研究组最大Valsaval动作下膀胱颈移动度(BND)、PUA、尿道旋转角(URA)均高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:经会阴二维超声可对自然分娩女性产后盆底三腔室运动和早期盆底功能进行有效观察,有助于评估女性盆底结构、功能变化,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

经会阴实时三维盆底超声评估不同分娩方式对产后女性前腔室结构和盆膈裂孔的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经会阴实时三维盆底超声评估不同分娩方式对产后女性前腔室结构和盆膈裂孔的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年10月在我院接受检查的100例产妇的诊治资料。根据分娩方式的不同,将患者分为经阴道分娩组（n=55）和剖宫产分娩组（n=45）。比较两组产妇在静息状态和Valsalva状态下的前腔室和盆膈裂孔超声参数。结果：在静息状态下,两组的膀胱颈位置、逼尿肌厚度、膀胱后角和尿道倾斜角相比无差异（P>0.05）。经阴道分娩组在Valsalva状态下的膀胱颈移动度和尿道旋转角均大于剖宫产分娩组,尿道内口漏斗形成率和膀胱膨出率均高于剖宫产分娩组（P<0.05）。在Valsalva状态下,经阴道分娩组的盆膈裂孔前后径、左右径、面积和周长均大于剖宫产分娩组（P<0.05）;在静息状态下,两组的上述指标相比,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：应用经会阴实时三维盆底超声技术观察产妇前腔室结构和盆膈裂孔的参数变化,可评估产妇盆底功能受损的程度,经阴道分娩对其影响较大。     

Synergized subcritical-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction,purification, and characterization of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides

The effect of a synergized two-step subcritical water extraction (SWE) and simultaneous multi-frequency ultrasound-assisted alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase extraction (MFu-AATPE) on the yield, physicochemical, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities of Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LEPs) was investigated. Crude LEP extracted under subcritical extraction (31.14%) was purified using dual and triple frequency ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase systems giving a yield of 94.57% and 97% respectively. Compared with the dual-frequency sonication (20/40 kHz), the triple frequency sonication (20/40/60 kHz) gave maximum yield and improved the desalination rate by 33.6%. Congo red analysis revealed triple helix structures. Gas Chromatography analysis showed the existence of mannose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, and galactose whilst spectral similarities were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The average molecular weight (M_w) was 83.6170 Da, 2384 Da and 2387 Da for control, dual and triple frequency samples respectively. Ultrasound treated polysaccharides displayed stronger antioxidant activities against the 2.2-diphenyl;-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2ʹ-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, thus demonstrating their potency in reducing oxidation. However, the microstructure of the triple frequency treated sample was altered compared to the dual-frequency sample. Therefore, this study demonstrated the efficacy of SWE in crude LEPs extraction and illustrated MFu-AATPE as an efficient technique that selectively isolates polysaccharides and enhances extraction efficiencies.     

超声技术在抑郁症诊疗中的作用研究及应用进展

超声波作为一种机械振动波,兼具波动效应、力学效应和热效应.这3种效应在临床中均有较大应用价值,可用于疾病的成像诊断、辅助给药、调控以及热消融治疗等.超声技术所具有的非侵入性、穿透力强、空间分辨率高等特性,使其在神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗中具有广泛的应用前景.而抑郁症作为一种常见的精神疾病,其诊断和治疗都面临很大的困难.因此,大量学者将超声技术应用于抑郁症诊疗.本文主要从超声成像、超声定点给药、超声调控、超声诱导抑郁几个方面总结近十年来超声技术在抑郁症中的应用,以期为研究抑郁症发病机制及诊疗提供一定的参考和帮助.     

互联网教育对超声住培教学的影响及思考

目的分析互联网教育对超声专业住培医师教学的影响。方法将我科接受超声专业住院医师规范化培训的50名住培医师为研究对象,其中以2019年1~4月的住培医师为对照组,以2020年1~4月的住培医师为实验组。对照组以传统教学方式教学,实验组以互联网教学为主要教学方式,两组住培医师通过考试成绩(笔试及技能)及问卷调查方法评估不同时期超声规范化培训的教学效果结果实验组的笔试和技能考核成绩低于对照组(P<0.05),考试通过率低于对照组(P<0.05)。从两组的问卷调查结果显示,实验组的住培医师认为在激发学习兴趣、提升交流能力、提高技能操作、满意带教老师、师生互动良好5个方面的肯定评价低于对照组(P<0.05);两组住培医师在关注人文关怀、临床思维培养2个方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组在培养自学能力方面的肯定评价比较,实验组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,教师对实验组的教学气氛活跃、住培医师态度积极性及检查操作规范、报告书写规范4个方面的评价较低(P<0.05);教师对两组的课程安排与进度合理性的评价无差异性(P>0.05)。结论短期研究结果显示,以互联网教学为主的教学方式对超声住培教学质量造成一定负面影响,需加以教育经验总结,为今后教学工作的改进奠定基础。